filter for ValueError too in dpi logic

update changelog for new v3 release

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ I have:
  **Printer:** Manufacturer Model XVI
 
 <!-- since version 2.0.1 you can type 'python-escpos version' in your shell.
-Alternatively you could use '__version__' in module escpos. -->
+Starting with python-escpos version 3.0, please replace the information below
+with the output of `python-escpos version_extended`. -->
  **python-escpos version:** 0.0.0
 
  **python version:** 0.0

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
-### Contributor checklist
-<!-- mark with x between the brackets -->
-- [ ] I have read the CONTRIBUTING.rst
-- [ ] I have tested my contribution on these devices:
- * e.g. Epson TM-T88II
-- [ ] My contribution is ready to be merged as is
-
-----------
-
 ### Description
+
+
+### Tested with
+_If applicable, please describe with which device you have tested._

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://help.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip" # See documentation for possible values
+    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/doc"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/black.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: Lint (Black code style)
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  black-code-style:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: psf/black@stable
+        with:
+          version: "23.3.0"
+

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [master]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 1 * * 5'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Override automatic language detection by changing the below list
+        # Supported options are ['csharp', 'cpp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python']
+        language: ['python']
+        # Learn more...
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#overriding-automatic-language-detection
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+        fetch-depth: 2
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/documentation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# This is a basic workflow to help you get started with Actions
+
+name: Documentation build
+
+# Controls when the action will run. Triggers the workflow on push or pull request
+# events but only for the master branch
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
+jobs:
+  # This workflow contains a single job called "docs"
+  docs:
+    # The type of runner that the job will run on
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    # Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: 'recursive'
+      - name: Install packages
+        run:
+          sudo apt-get update -y &&
+          sudo apt-get install -y git python3-sphinx graphviz libenchant-2-2 &&
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc libcups2-dev python3-dev python3-setuptools &&
+          sudo pip install tox pycups
+      - name: Test doc build
+        run: tox -e docs

.github/workflows/pythonpackage-windows.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: Python package on Windows
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.11', '3.12']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        submodules: 'recursive'
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4.7.1
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest tox tox-gh-actions
+        If (Test-Path .\requirements.txt) { pip install -r .\requirements.txt }
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E,F,W --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with tox
+      run: |
+        tox
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: D:\a\python-escpos\python-escpos\capabilities-data\dist\capabilities.json
+    - name: Test mypy with tox
+      run: |
+        tox -e mypy
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: D:\a\python-escpos\python-escpos\capabilities-data\dist\capabilities.json
+    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      with:
+        directory: ./coverage/reports/
+        env_vars: OS,PYTHON
+        fail_ci_if_error: true
+        files: ./coverage.xml,!./cache
+        flags: unittests
+        name: coverage-tox-${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        verbose: true

.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml

@@ -15,25 +15,32 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: [3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8]
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         submodules: 'recursive'
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4.7.1
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y graphviz libenchant-2-2 gcc libcups2-dev python3-dev xindy
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
         pip install flake8 pytest tox tox-gh-actions
         if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Check sorting of imports
+      uses: isort/isort-action@master
+      with:
+        requirementsFiles: "requirements.txt doc/requirements.txt"
+        sortPaths: "./doc ./src ./examples ./test ./setup.py"
     - name: Lint with flake8
       run: |
         # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
-        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        flake8 . --count --select=E,F,W --show-source --statistics
         # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
         flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
     - name: Test with tox
@@ -41,3 +48,18 @@ jobs:
         tox
       env:
         ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: /home/runner/work/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+    - name: Test mypy with tox
+      run: |
+        tox -e mypy
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: /home/runner/work/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      with:
+        directory: ./coverage/reports/
+        env_vars: OS,PYTHON
+        fail_ci_if_error: true
+        files: ./coverage.xml,!./cache
+        flags: unittests
+        name: coverage-tox-${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        verbose: true

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ $~
 .idea/
 .directory
 .cache/
+settings.json
 
 # temporary data
 temp
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ dist/
 src/escpos/version.py
 .hypothesis
 .pytest_cache/
+coverage.xml
+
+# pyenv
+.python-version
 
 # testing temporary directories
 test/test-cli-output/
@@ -31,4 +36,9 @@ test/test-cli-output/
 *.swo
 
 # vscode
-.vscode/settings.json
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json
+

.mailmap

@@ -13,3 +13,8 @@ csoft2k <csoft2k@hotmail.com>
 Sergio Pulgarin <sergio.pulgarin@gmail.com>
 reck31 <rakesh.gunduka@gmail.com>
 Alex Debiasio <alex.debiasio@thinkin.io>             <alex.debiasio@studenti.unitn.it>
+白月秋见心 <ourweijiang@gmail.com>
+Maximilian Wagenbach <maximilian.wagenbach@native-instruments.de>
+<belono@users.noreply.github.com>                    <tiotil.lindeman@gmail.com>
+belono <belono@users.noreply.github.com>             Benito López <belono@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alfredo Orozco <alfredoopa@gmail.com>                Alfredo orozco <alfreedom@users.noreply.github.com>

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+version: 2
+formats:
+  - epub
+  - pdf
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
+  apt_packages:
+    - graphviz
+    - libenchant-2-2
+    - gcc
+    - libcups2-dev
+    - python3-dev
+    - xindy
+sphinx:
+  configuration: doc/conf.py
+submodules:
+  include:
+    - capabilities-data
+  recursive: true
+
+python:
+  install:
+    - requirements: doc/requirements.txt
+    - method: pip
+      path: .

.travis.yml

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-sudo: false
-cache: pip
-dist: bionic
-git:
-  depth: 100000
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - graphviz
-env:
-  global:
-    - ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/home/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
-matrix:
-  fast_finish: true
-  include:
-    - name: "Python 3.7 on Windows"
-      os: windows
-      language: shell
-      before_install:
-         - choco install python
-         - pip install tox codecov 'sphinx>=1.5.1'
-      env:
-         - TOXENV=py37
-         - PATH=/c/Python37:/c/Python37/Scripts:$PATH
-         - ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=C:/Users/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
-    - name: "Python 3.7 on macOS"
-      os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode10.2
-      language: shell
-      env: TOXENV=py37 ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/Users/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
-    - python: 3.5
-      env: TOXENV=py35
-    - python: 3.6
-      env: TOXENV=py36
-    - python: 3.7
-      env: TOXENV=py37
-    - python: 3.7-dev
-      env: TOXENV=py37
-    - python: 3.8
-      env: TOXENV=py38
-    - python: 3.8-dev
-      env: TOXENV=py38
-    - python: nightly
-      env: TOXENV=py38
-    - python: pypy3
-      env: TOXENV=pypy3
-    - python: 3.8
-      env: TOXENV=docs
-    - python: 3.8
-      env: TOXENV=flake8
-  allow_failures:
-    - python: 3.7-dev
-    - python: 3.8-dev
-    - python: nightly
-    - python: pypy3
-    - os: windows
-    - os: osx
-before_install:
-    - pip install tox codecov 'sphinx>=1.5.1'
-    - ./doc/generate_authors.sh --check
-script:
-    - tox
-    - codecov
-notifications:
-  email:
-    on_success: never
-    on_failure: change
-deploy:
-# Github deployment
-  - provider: releases
-    api_key:
-      secure: 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
-    file: .tox/dist/python-escpos*.zip
-    file_glob: true
-    skip_cleanup: true
-    on:
-      tags: true
-      repo: python-escpos/python-escpos
-      branch: master
-      condition: $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.8"

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "esbonio.sphinx.confDir": "${workspaceFolder}/doc",
+  "files.watcherExclude": {
+    "**/.git/objects/**": true,
+    "**/.git/subtree-cache/**": true,
+    "**/node_modules/*/**": true,
+    "**/.eggs/**": true,
+    "**/.hypothesis/**": true,
+    "**/.tox/**": true,
+  },
+  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+  "editor.formatOnPaste": true,
+  "python.formatting.provider": "black",
+  "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+    "source.organizeImports": true
+  },
+}

AUTHORS

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 Ahmed Tahri
 akeonly
+Alejandro Hernández
 Alexander Bougakov
 Alex Debiasio
+Alfredo Orozco
 Asuki Kono
 belono
+B. Howell
 Brian
 Christoph Heuel
 Cody (Quantified Code Bot)
@@ -11,7 +14,9 @@ csoft2k
 Curtis // mashedkeyboard
 Davis Goglin
 Dean Rispin
+dependabot[bot]
 Dmytro Katyukha
+Florent de Labarre
 Gerard Marull-Paretas
 Hark
 Joel Lehtonen
@@ -21,6 +26,7 @@ Kristi
 ldos
 Lucy Linder
 Manuel F Martinez
+Mathieu Poussin
 Maximilian Wagenbach
 Michael Billington
 Michael Elsdörfer
@@ -33,11 +39,14 @@ Qian Linfeng
 Ramon Poca
 reck31
 Renato Lorenzi
+Ricardo Sánchez Alba
 Romain Porte
 Sam Cheng
 Sergio Pulgarin
 Stephan Sokolow
 Thijs Triemstra
 Thomas van den Berg
+vendryan
 Yaisel Hurtado
 ysuolmai
+白月秋见心

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,138 @@
-*********
 Changelog
-*********
+=========
+
+2023-11-17 - Version 3.0 - "Quietly Confident"
+----------------------------------------------
+This is the major release of the new version 3.0.
+A big thank you to @belono for their many contributions
+for the finalization of v3!
+
+The third major release of this library drops support for
+Python 2 and requires a Python version of at least 3.8.
+The API has been reworked to be more consistent and two
+new concepts have been introduced:
+
+`Capabilities` allow the library to know which features
+the currently used printer implements and send fitting
+commands.
+`Magic Encode` is a new feature that uses the
+capability information and encodes Unicode automatically
+with the correct code page while sending also the
+code page change commands.
+
+The license of the project has been changed to MIT
+in accordance with its contributors.
+
+The changes listed here are a summary of the changes
+of the previous alpha releases. For details please
+read the changelog of the alpha releases.
+
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- change the project's license to MIT in accordance with the contributors (see python-escpos/python-escpos#171)
+- feature: add "capabilities" which are shared with escpos-php, capabilities are stored in
+  `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_
+- feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate codepage and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
+- as an alternative you can force the codepage with the old API
+- fix the encoding search so that lower encodings are found first
+- automatically handle cases where full cut or partial cut is not available
+- refactor of the set-method
+- preliminary support of POS "line display" printing
+- add support for software-based barcode-rendering
+- make feed for cut optional
+- implemented paper sensor querying command
+- Include support for CUPS based printer interfaces
+- add Win32Raw-Printer on Windows-platforms
+- add and improve Windows support of USB-class
+- pickle capabilities for faster startup
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This is a list of contributors since the last v2 release.
+
+- Ahmed Tahri
+- akeonly
+- Alexander Bougakov
+- AlexandroJaez
+- Asuki Kono
+- belono
+- brendanhowell
+- Brian
+- Christoph Heuel
+- csoft2k
+- Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+- Dmytro Katyukha
+- Foaly
+- Gerard Marull-Paretas
+- Justin Vieira
+- kedare
+- kennedy
+- Lucy Linder
+- Maximilian Wagenbach
+- Michael Billington
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- mrwunderbar666
+- NullYing
+- Omer Akram
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- primax79
+- Ramon Poca
+- reck31
+- Romain Porte
+- Sam Cheng
+- Scott Rotondo
+- Sergio Pulgarin
+- Thijs Triemstra
+- Yaisel Hurtado
+- ysuolmai
+
+and others
+
+2023-05-11 - Version 3.0a9 - "Pride Comes Before A Fall"
+--------------------------------------------------------
+This release is the 10th alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+After three years hiatus, a new release is in work in order to
+finally get a version 3.0 out.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- Include support for CUPS based printer interfaces
+- Move the build tool chain to GitHub
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- belono
+- brendanhowell
+- AlexandroJaez
+- NullYing
+- kedare
+- Foaly
+- patkan
+- and others
+
+2020-05-12 - Version 3.0a8 - "Only Slightly Bent"
+-------------------------------------------------
+This release is the ninth alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+Please be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0 is
+released.
+
+This release drops support for Python 2, requiring at least
+version 3.5 of Python.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- Drop support for Python 2 and mark in setuptools as only supporting 3.5 and upwards
+- remove landscape.io badge
+- replace viivakoodi with python-barcode which is maintained
+- add configuration for Visual Studio Code
+- use pkg_resources for the retrieval of the capabilities.json
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Romain Porte
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
 2020-05-09 - Version 3.0a7 - "No Fixed Abode"
 ---------------------------------------------
 This release is the eight alpha release of the new version 3.0.
@@ -23,7 +155,7 @@ contributors
 - Alexander Bougakov
 - Brian
 - Yaisel Hurtado
-- Maximilan Wagenbach
+- Maximilian Wagenbach
 - Patrick Kanzler
 
 2019-06-19 - Version 3.0a6 - "Mistake not..."
@@ -35,7 +167,7 @@ released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - fix inclusion of the capabilities-file
-- execute CI jobs also on Windows and macOS-targets
+- execute CI jobs also on Windows and MacOS-targets
 - improve documentation
 
 contributors
@@ -170,7 +302,7 @@ changes
 - feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate codepage and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
 - as an alternative you can force the codepage with the old API
 - updated and improved documentation
-- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capablities
+- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capabilities
 - changed interface of method `blocktext`, changed behavior of multiple methods, for details refer to the documentation
   on `python-escpos.readthedocs.io <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_
 - add support for custom cash drawer sequence
@@ -195,7 +327,7 @@ changes
 - fix improper API-use in qrcode()
 - change setup.py shebang to make it compatible with virtualenvs.
 - add constants for sheet mode and colors
-- support changing the linespacing
+- support changing the line spacing
 
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -249,8 +381,8 @@ changes
 - packaging: configured the coverage-analysis codecov.io
 - GitHub: improved issues-template
 - documentation: add troubleshooting tip to network-interface
-- the module, cli and documentation is now aware of the version of python-escpos
-- the cli does now support basic tabcompletion
+- the module, CLI and documentation is now aware of the version of python-escpos
+- the CLI does now support basic tab completion
 
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -268,7 +400,7 @@ changes
 - refactor complete code in order to be compatible with Python 2 and 3
 - modernize packaging
 - add testing and CI
-- merge various forks into codebase, fixing multiple issues with barcode-, QR-printing, cashdraw and structure
+- merge various forks into codebase, fixing multiple issues with barcode-, QR-printing, cash-draw and structure
 - improve the documentation
 - extend support of barcode-codes to type B
 - add function to disable panel-buttons
@@ -339,7 +471,7 @@ contributors
 --------------------------
 
 - Issue #5: Fixed vertical tab
-- Issue #9: Fixed identation inconsistence
+- Issue #9: Fixed indentation inconsistency
 
 2013-03-14 - Version 1.0.1
 --------------------------
@@ -350,6 +482,6 @@ contributors
 2012-11-15 - Version 1.0
 ------------------------
 
-- Issue #2: Added ethernet support
+- Issue #2: Added Ethernet support
 - Issue #3: Added compatibility with libusb-1.0.1
 - Issue #4: Fixed typo in escpos.py

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -1,87 +1,83 @@
-************
 Contributing
-************
+============
 
-This project is open to any kind of contribution. You can help with improving the documentation, adding fixes to the
-code, providing test cases in code or as a description or just spreading the word. Please feel free to create an
-issue or pull request.
-In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try to adhere to good practice.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
-The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates. Please fill in your information where applicable.
+This project is open to any kind of contribution.
+You can help with improving the documentation, adding fixes to the
+code, providing test cases in code or as a description or just
+spreading the word.
+Please feel free to create an issue or pull request.
+In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try
+to adhere to good practice.
 
-This project uses `semantic versioning <http://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
-well as possible.
+The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates.
+Please fill in your information where applicable.
+
+This project uses `semantic versioning <https://semver.org/>`_
+and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as well as possible.
 
 Author-list
 -----------
 
-This project keeps a list of authors. This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
-When contributing the first time, please include a commit with the output of this script in place.
-Otherwise the integration-check will fail.
+This project keeps a list of authors.
+This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
+When contributing the first time, please include a commit with
+the output of this script in place.
 
-When you change your username or mail-address, please also update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
-You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the `documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
+When you change your username or mail-address, please also
+update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
+You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the
+`documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
 
 Style-Guide
 -----------
 
 When writing code please try to stick to these rules.
 
-Python 2 and 3
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-We have rewritten the code in order to maintain compatibility with both Python 2 and Python 3.
-In order to ensure that we do not miss any accidental degradation, please add these imports to the top
-of every file of code:
-
-.. code-block:: Python
-
-  from __future__ import absolute_import
-  from __future__ import division
-  from __future__ import print_function
-  from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-Furthermore please be aware of the differences between Python 2 and 3. For
-example `this guide <https://docs.python.org/3/howto/pyporting.html>`_ is helpful.
-Special care has to be taken when dealing with strings and byte-strings. Please note
-that the :py:meth:`~escpos.escpos.Escpos._raw`-method only accepts byte-strings.
-Often you can achieve compatibility quite easily with a tool from the `six`-package.
-
-PEP8
-^^^^
-The entire codebase adheres to the rules of PEP8.
-These rules are enforced by running `flake8` in the integration-checks.
-Please adhere to these rules as your contribution can only be merged if the check succeeds.
-You can use flake8 or similar tools locally in order to check your code.
-Apart from that the travis-log and the check by Landscape will provide you with hints.
+Black Code Style
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This project is formatted with the auto formatter `black <https://github.com/psf/black>`_.
+Please format your contributions with black, otherwise they will be rejected.
 
 GIT
 ^^^
-The master-branch contains the main development of the project. A release to PyPi is marked with a tag
-corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved by merging into the master-branch.
-When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/master`.
+The master-branch contains the main development of the project.
+A release to PyPi is marked with a tag corresponding to the version.
+Issues are closed when they have been resolved by merging
+into the master-branch.
+When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch
+from the HEAD of `python-escpos/master`.
 
-Please try to group your commits into logical units. If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
-git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request. A small, self-contained change-set is
-easier to review, and improves the chance of your code being merged.
-Please also make sure that before creating your PR, your branch is rebased on a recent commit or you merged a recent
-commit into your branch. This way you can ensure that your PR is without merge conflicts.
+Please try to group your commits into logical units.
+If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
+git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request.
+A small, self-contained change-set is easier to review, and
+improves the chance of your code being merged.
+Please also make sure that before creating your PR, your branch
+is rebased on a recent commit or you merged a recent
+commit into your branch.
+This way you can ensure that your PR is without merge conflicts.
 
 Docstrings
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 This project tries to have a good documentation.
-Please add a docstring to every method and class. Have a look at existing methods and classes for the style.
+Please add a docstring to every method and class.
+Have a look at existing methods and classes for the style.
 We use basically standard rst-docstrings for Sphinx.
 
 Test
 ^^^^
-Try to write tests whenever possible. Our goal for the future is 100% coverage.
-We are currently using `nose` but might change in the future.
-You can copy the structure from other testcases. Please remember to adapt the docstrings.
+Try to write tests whenever possible.
+Our goal for the future is 100% coverage.
+You can copy the structure from other testcases.
+Please remember to adapt the docstrings.
 
 Further reading
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For further best practices and hints on contributing please see the
-`contribution-guide <http://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_. Should there be any contradictions between this guide
+`contribution-guide <https://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_.
+Should there be any contradictions between this guide
 and the linked one, please stick to this text.
 Aside from that feel free to create an issue or write an email if anything is unclear.
 

INSTALL

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ python-escpos
 This library is available over pypi. So for most of the use-cases it should be sufficient to run
 
 ```
-pip install python-escpos --user  # add --pre if you want to install pre-releases
+pip install python-escpos[all] --user  # add --pre if you want to install pre-releases
 ```
 
 For more information please read the documentation at https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/installation.html

README.rst

@@ -2,30 +2,17 @@
 python-escpos - Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
 #############################################################
 
-.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos.svg?branch=master
-    :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos
-    :alt: Continous Integration
-
-.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master/landscape.svg?style=flat
-    :target: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master
-    :alt: Code Health
-
-.. image:: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/coverage.svg?branch=master
-    :target: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos?branch=master
-    :alt: Code Coverage
-
-.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=stable
-    :target: http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=stable
-    :alt: Documentation Status
-
-
 Description
------------
+===========
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=latest
+    :target: https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
+    :alt: Documentation Status
 
 Python ESC/POS is a library which lets the user have access to all those printers handled
 by ESC/POS commands, as defined by Epson, from a Python application.
 
-The library tries to implement the functions provided by the ESC/POS-commandset and supports sending text, images,
+The library tries to implement the functions provided by the ESC/POS-command-set and supports sending text, images,
 barcodes and qr-codes to the printer.
 
 Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size, type and weight.
@@ -47,7 +34,7 @@ This library makes use of:
 * `Pillow <https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow>`_ for image printing
 * `qrcode <https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode>`_ for the generation of QR-codes
 * `pyserial <https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial>`_ for serial printers
-* `viivakoodi <https://github.com/kxepal/viivakoodi>`_ for the generation of barcodes
+* `python-barcode <https://github.com/WhyNotHugo/python-barcode>`_ for the generation of barcodes
 
 Documentation and Usage
 -----------------------
@@ -62,7 +49,7 @@ The basic usage is:
     p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0202, 0, profile="TM-T88III")
     p.text("Hello World\n")
     p.image("logo.gif")
-    p.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    p.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
     p.cut()
 
 
@@ -74,7 +61,7 @@ Another example based on the Network printer class:
 
     kitchen = Network("192.168.1.100") #Printer IP Address
     kitchen.text("Hello World\n")
-    kitchen.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    kitchen.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
     kitchen.cut()
 
 Another example based on the Serial printer class:
@@ -97,18 +84,20 @@ Another example based on the Serial printer class:
     p.cut()
 
 
-The full project-documentation is available on `Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
+The full project-documentation is available on
+`Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
 
 Contributing
 ------------
 
-This project is open for any contribution! Please see `CONTRIBUTING.rst <http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_ for more information.
+This project is open for any contribution! Please see
+`CONTRIBUTING.rst <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_
+for more information.
 
 
 Disclaimer
 ----------
 
-None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the patterns or implementations.
+None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the
+patterns or implementations.
 Its names are used only to maintain context.
-
-

codecov.yml

@@ -3,11 +3,15 @@ codecov:
 
 coverage:
   status:
-    project:
-      default:  # status context
-        target: auto
-        threshold: "1%"
+    project: off
+    patch: off
+    changes: off
   range: "60...100"
 
-comment: off
+comment:
+  layout: " diff, flags, files"
+  behavior: default
+  require_changes: false  # if true: only post the comment if coverage changes
+  require_base: false        # [true :: must have a base report to post]
+  require_head: true       # [true :: must have a head report to post]
 

doc/Makefile

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ BUILDDIR      = _build
 
 # User-friendly check for sphinx-build
 ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
-$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
+$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from https://sphinx-doc.org/)
 endif
 
 # Internal variables.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 # the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
 I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 
-.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext spelling
 
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
 	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
 	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  spelling   to run the spellchecker"
 
 clean:
 	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
@@ -175,3 +176,8 @@ pseudoxml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."
+
+spelling:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b spelling $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/spelling
+	@echo
+	@echo "Spellchecker finished."

doc/capability_templates/capabilities-template-encoding.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{% for item in data.encodings %}
+{% set encoding = data.encodings[item] %}
+{% macro draw_with_underline(text, symbol='-') -%}
+{{ escape_rst(text) }}
+{{ escape_rst(text) | length * symbol }}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{{ '.. _encoding-label-' + item + ':' }}
+
+{{ draw_with_underline(encoding.name) }}
+
+{{ escape_rst(encoding.notes) }}
+
+Mapping Information
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+======================  ================================================================
+identifier              {{ escape_rst(item) }}
+Name                    {{ escape_rst(encoding.name|default('Unknown')) }}
+Iconv Name              {{ escape_rst(encoding.iconv|default('Unknown')) }}
+``python_encode`` Name  {{ escape_rst(encoding.python_encode|default('Unknown')) }}
+======================  ================================================================
+
+{% if encoding.data is defined %}
+{{ draw_with_underline('Code page data', symbol='^') }}
+{{ encoding.data }}
+{% endif %}
+{% endfor %}

doc/capability_templates/capabilities-template.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{% for item in data.profiles %}
+{% set printer = data.profiles[item] %}
+{% macro draw_with_underline(text, symbol='-') -%}
+{{ escape_rst(text) }}
+{{ escape_rst(text) | length * symbol }}
+{%- endmacro %}
+{% macro abort(error) %}
+{{ None['[ERROR] ' ~ error][0] }}
+{% endmacro %}
+{% macro fill_line(text, total, symbol=' ') -%}
+{%- if total < text|length -%}
+{{- abort("Line cannot be filled: must be longer") -}}
+{%- endif -%}
+{{- text + ((total - text|length ) * symbol ) -}}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{{ '.. _printer-label-' + item + ':' }}
+
+{{ draw_with_underline(printer.name) }}
+{{ escape_rst(printer.notes) }}
+
+You can select this profile in python-escpos with this identifier: ``{{ item }}``.
+(Set parameter to `profile='{{ item }}'`.)
+
+Basic information
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+======================  ================================================================
+Name                    {{ escape_rst(printer.name|default('Unknown')) }}
+Vendor                  {{ escape_rst(printer.vendor|default('Unknown')) }}
+Media width (mm)        {{ escape_rst(printer.media.width.mm|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+Media width (pixels)    {{ escape_rst(printer.media.width.pixels|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+DPI                     {{ escape_rst(printer.media.dpi|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+======================  ================================================================
+
+Fonts
+^^^^^
+
++------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
+| ID               | Name                         | Columns               |
++==================+==============================+=======================+
+{% for id in printer.fonts -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.fonts[id].name), 28) }} | {{ fill_line(printer.fonts[id].columns|string, 21) }} |
++------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Colors
+^^^^^^
+
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ID               | Color                                                          |
++==================+================================================================+
+{% for id in printer.colors -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.colors[id]), 62) }} |
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Feature support
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
++-----------------------------------+----------------------------+
+| Feature                           | Supported                  |
++===================================+============================+
+{% for feature in printer.features -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(feature), 33) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.features[feature]|string), 26) }} |
++-----------------------------------+----------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Text code pages
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ID               | Encoding                                                       |
++==================+================================================================+
+{% for id in printer.codePages -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(':ref:`encoding-label-'+printer.codePages[id]+'`', 62) }} |
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+{% endfor %}

doc/conf.py

@@ -12,113 +12,114 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 
-import sys
 import os
-on_rtd = os.getenv('READTHEDOCS') == 'True'
-if on_rtd:
-    import escpos
-else:
-    from setuptools_scm import get_version
+import sys
+from importlib.metadata import version as imp_version
+
+on_rtd = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS") == "True"
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
-root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../src"))
+root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.doctest',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.graphviz',
-    'sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx_autodoc_typehints",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.graphviz",
+    "sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram",
+    "sphinx.ext.imgconverter",
+    "sphinxarg.ext",
+    "sphinxcontrib.datatemplates",
+    "sphinxcontrib.spelling",
 ]
 
+# mock the following modules for autodoc
+autodoc_mock_imports = ["qrcode"]
+
 # supress warnings for external images
 suppress_warnings = [
-    'image.nonlocal_uri',
+    "image.nonlocal_uri",
 ]
 
 # enable todos
 todo_include_todos = True
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates", "capability_templates"]
 
 # The suffix of source filenames.
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'python-escpos'
-copyright = u'2016, Manuel F Martinez and others'
+project = "python-escpos"
+copyright = "2023, python-escpos developers"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
-if on_rtd:
-    # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-    release = escpos.__version__
-else:
-    # locally setuptools_scm should work
-    release = get_version(root=root)
+release = imp_version("python-escpos")
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])  # The short X.Y version.
+version = ".".join(release.split(".")[:2])
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
-#language = None
+# language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ''
+# today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
-#default_role = None
+# default_role = None
 
 # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-#add_function_parentheses = True
+# add_function_parentheses = True
 
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
-#add_module_names = True
+# add_module_names = True
 
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
-#show_authors = False
+# show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-#modindex_common_prefix = []
+# modindex_common_prefix = []
 
 # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-#keep_warnings = False
+# keep_warnings = False
 
 
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
@@ -126,135 +127,142 @@ pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 if on_rtd:
-    html_theme = 'default'
+    html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+    print("recognized execution on RTD")
 else:
     try:
         import sphinx_rtd_theme
-        html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+
+        html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
         html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
     except ImportError:
         print("no sphinx_rtd_theme found, switching to nature")
-        html_theme = 'default'
+        html_theme = "default"
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
-#html_theme_options = {}
+# html_theme_options = {}
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
-#html_theme_path = []
+# html_theme_path = []
 
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
 # "<project> v<release> documentation".
-#html_title = None
+# html_title = None
 
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-#html_short_title = None
+# html_short_title = None
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
-#html_logo = None
+# html_logo = None
 
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-html_favicon = 'pyescpos.ico'
+html_favicon = "pyescpos.ico"
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
-#html_extra_path = []
+# html_extra_path = []
 
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
-#html_use_smartypants = True
+# html_use_smartypants = True
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-#html_sidebars = {}
+# html_sidebars = {}
 
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
-#html_additional_pages = {}
+# html_additional_pages = {}
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#html_domain_indices = True
+# html_domain_indices = True
 
 # If false, no index is generated.
-#html_use_index = True
+# html_use_index = True
 
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-#html_split_index = False
+# html_split_index = False
 
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-#html_show_sourcelink = True
+# html_show_sourcelink = True
 
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_sphinx = True
+# html_show_sphinx = True
 
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_copyright = True
+# html_show_copyright = True
 
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ''
+# html_use_opensearch = ''
 
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-#html_file_suffix = None
+# html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'python-escposdoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "python-escposdoc"
 
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-#'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#'preamble': '',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #'preamble': '',
 }
 
+latex_engine = "xelatex"
+
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'python-escpos.tex', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'manual'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos.tex",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        "python-escpos developers",
+        "manual",
+    ),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
-#latex_logo = None
+# latex_logo = None
 
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
-#latex_use_parts = False
+# latex_use_parts = False
 
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
-#latex_show_pagerefs = False
+# latex_show_pagerefs = False
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#latex_show_urls = False
+# latex_show_urls = False
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#latex_appendices = []
+# latex_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#latex_domain_indices = True
+# latex_domain_indices = True
 
 
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
@@ -262,12 +270,17 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-     [u'Manuel F Martinez and others'], 1)
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        ["python-escpos developers"],
+        1,
+    )
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#man_show_urls = False
+# man_show_urls = False
 
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
@@ -276,19 +289,43 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'python-escpos', 'One line description of project.',
-   'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        "python-escpos developers",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#texinfo_appendices = []
+# texinfo_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#texinfo_domain_indices = True
+# texinfo_domain_indices = True
 
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+
+# spellchecker
+spelling_ignore_pypi_package_names = True
+spelling_ignore_wiki_words = True
+spelling_ignore_python_builtins = True
+spelling_ignore_importable_modules = True
+spelling_ignore_contributor_names = True
+spelling_word_list_filename = ["spelling_wordlist.txt", "../AUTHORS"]
+spelling_show_suggestions = True
+spelling_suggestion_limit = 3
+spelling_warning = True
+spelling_exclude_patterns = [
+    "**/capabilities.json",
+    "../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json",
+    "**/available-encodings.rst",
+    "**/available-profiles.rst",
+    "dev/todo.rst",
+]

doc/dev/release-process.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Release process
+===============
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+* Update authors file
+* Update changelog
+* Set annotated tag for release and push to public github
+* Build wheel
+* Load wheel to PyPi
+* Prepare project for next release with an empty changelog entry

doc/dev/repository.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. _developer-manual-repository:
+
+Repository
+==========
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-09-05
+
+This project uses sub-projects and retrieves its versioning
+information from version control.
+Therefore it is crucial that you follow these rules when
+working with the project (e.g. for packaging a
+development version).
+
+* Make sure that the git project is complete. A call to git status for example should succeed.
+* Make sure that you have checked out all available sub-projects.
+* Proper initialization of submodules can be ensured with ``git submodule update --init --recursive``
+

doc/dev/todo.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-****
 TODO
-****
+====
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Open points and issues of the project are tracked in the GitHub issues.
 Some annotations still remain in the code and should be moved over time

doc/generate_authors.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GENLIST=$(git shortlog -s -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
+GENLIST_W_MAIL=$(git shortlog -s -e -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
 AUTHORSFILE="$(dirname $0)/../AUTHORS"
 TEMPAUTHORSFILE="/tmp/python-escpos-authorsfile"
 
@@ -12,7 +13,9 @@ if [ "$#" -eq 1 ]
 	echo "\nNew authorsfile:\n"
 	cat $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
 	echo "\nUsing diff on files...\n"
-        diff -q --from-file $AUTHORSFILE $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	diff --suppress-common-lines -b --from-file $AUTHORSFILE $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "Authors with mail addresses:\n"
+	echo "$GENLIST_W_MAIL"
     else
 	echo "$GENLIST">$AUTHORSFILE
 fi

doc/index.rst

@@ -5,8 +5,15 @@
 
 .. include:: ../README.rst
 
+#######
 Content
--------
+#######
+
+User Documentation
+==================
+
+This chapter describes the central points that
+are relevant to the user of this library.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
@@ -16,16 +23,46 @@ Content
    user/methods
    user/printers
    user/raspi
-   user/todo
    user/usage
+   user/cli-user
    user/barcode
 
+Printer profiles
+================
+
+This chapter gives a listing of the available
+printer profiles. Details are described in
+:ref:`capabilities-profile-intro`.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :caption: Printer profiles
+
+   printer_profiles/capabilities
+   printer_profiles/available-profiles
+   printer_profiles/available-encodings
+
+Developer Documentation
+=======================
+
+This chapter summarizes information for
+developers of this library.
+
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
    :caption: Developer Documentation
 
+   dev/release-process
    dev/contributing
+   dev/repository
    dev/changelog
+   dev/todo
+
+API Documentation
+=================
+
+This chapter contains an auto-generated
+documentation of the API of this library.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
@@ -43,8 +80,9 @@ Content
    api/codepages
    api/katakana
 
+##################
 Indices and tables
-==================
+##################
 
 * :ref:`genindex`
 * :ref:`modindex`

doc/make.bat

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
 	echo.
 	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
-	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	echo.https://sphinx-doc.org/
 	exit /b 1
 )
 

doc/printer_profiles/available-encodings.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Available Encodings
+-------------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+If you find any issues with the described encodings,
+please open an issue in the
+`ESC/POS printer database <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
+The data shown here is directly taken from there.
+
+.. datatemplate:json:: ../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+   :template: capabilities-template-encoding.jinja

doc/printer_profiles/available-profiles.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+.. _available-profiles:
+
+Available Profiles
+------------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+The following list describes which printer profiles are
+available in this release.
+The existence of a profile is a hint, but no guarantee
+that this printer actually can be controlled by this library.
+
+If you find any issues with the described capabilities,
+please open an issue in the
+`ESC/POS printer database <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
+The data shown here is directly taken from there.
+
+.. datatemplate:json:: ../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+   :template: capabilities-template.jinja

doc/printer_profiles/capabilities.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.. _capabilities-profile-intro:
+
+Capabilities
+------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+Since the used command set often differs between printers,
+a model for supporting different printers is implemented.
+This feature is called `capabilities`.
+
+The `capabilities`-feature allows this library to know
+which features are supported.
+If no further information is specified, python-escpos will
+try to automatically use features based on the supplied information.
+
+In order to use the `capabilities`-database, the printer instance
+simply has to be created with the parameter `profile` set to the
+relevant identifier.
+The identifier can be found in :ref:`available-profiles`.
+
+This documentation describes the profiles in the database file that
+is bundled with this release.
+If another configuration is to be used, this chapter can be followed
+for information on how to side-load another `capabilities`-database:
+:ref:`advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile`.
+

doc/requirements.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,15 @@ pyusb
 Pillow>=2.0
 qrcode>=4.0
 pyserial
-sphinx-rtd-theme
+sphinx-rtd-theme==1.3.0
+setuptools
 setuptools-scm
 docutils>=0.12
-viivakoodi
+sphinxcontrib-spelling>=7.2.0
+python-barcode>=0.11.0,<1
+importlib-metadata
+importlib_resources
+sphinxcontrib.datatemplates
+sphinx-argparse
+sphinx-autodoc-typehints
+pycups

doc/spelling_wordlist.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+ESC
+Esc
+POS
+Pos
+Escpos
+Escpos
+escpos
+
+bitImageColumn
+bitImageRaster
+ep
+pc
+cp
+
+csoft
+Frédéric
+Headcrash
+Krispy
+primax
+Tahri
+reck
+mrwunderbar
+zouppen
+kedare
+Foaly
+brendanhowell
+der
+fvdsn
+Marull
+Paretas
+Kakistocrat
+Billington
+patkan
+Romain
+Bougakov
+Yaisel
+Hurtado
+Wagenbach
+Poca
+Akram
+Vieira
+Christoph
+Heuel
+Thijs
+Triemstra
+Linder
+Romain
+Pulgarin
+Romain
+Cheng
+Dmytro
+Katyukha
+Elsdörfer
+Asuki
+Kono
+López
+mashedkeyboard
+Thijs
+Triemstra
+Elsdörfer
+Renato
+Lorenzi
+Bookham
+Goglin
+Christoph
+Heuel
+Qian
+Lehtonen
+Kanzler
+Rotondo
+
+barcode
+barcodes
+baudrate
+Bashlinux
+capabilities
+cashdraw
+charcode
+changelog
+cheque
+codebase
+codecov
+codepages
+config
+del
+dev
+dialout
+docstrings
+ean
+Ean
+encodable
+fff
+fullimage
+io
+json
+latin
+libusb
+lp
+lsusb
+natively
+php
+pre
+prefilled
+printcap
+programmatically
+py
+pypy
+pyyaml
+px
+qrcode
+Raspbian
+rebase
+rebased
+resetted
+rst
+submodule
+submodules
+src
+testcases
+th
+Todo
+traceback
+udev
+usb
+usec
+virtualenvs
+whitespaces
+xml

doc/user/barcode.rst

@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
 Printing Barcodes
 -----------------
-:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-31
 
-Most ESC/POS-printers implement barcode-printing.
-The barcode-commandset is implemented in the barcode-method.
-For a list of compatible barcodes you should check the manual of your printer.
-As a rule of thumb: even older Epson-models support most 1D-barcodes.
-To be sure just try some implementations and have a look at the notices below.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+Many printers implement barcode printing natively.
+These hardware rendered barcodes are fast but the supported
+formats are limited by the printer itself and different between models.
+However, almost all printers support printing images, so barcode
+rendering can be performed externally by software and then sent
+to the printer as an image.
+As a drawback, this operation is much slower and the user needs
+to know and choose the image implementation method supported by
+the printer's command-set.
 
 barcode-method
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The barcode-method is rather low-level and orients itself on the implementation of ESC/POS.
-In the future this class could be supplemented by a high-level class that helps the user generating the payload.
+Since version 3.0, the ``barcode`` method unifies the previous
+``barcode`` (hardware) and ``soft_barcode`` (software) methods.
+It is able to choose automatically the best printer implementation
+for barcode printing based on the capabilities of the printer
+and the type of barcode desired.
+To achieve this, it relies on the information contained in the
+escpos-printer-db profiles.
+The chosen profile needs to match the capabilities of the printer
+as closely as possible.
 
 .. py:currentmodule:: escpos.escpos
 
@@ -31,4 +43,5 @@ For alphanumeric CODE128 you have to preface your payload with `{B`.
    # print CODE128 012ABCDabcd
    p.barcode("{B012ABCDabcd", "CODE128", function_type="B")
 
-A very good description on CODE128 is also on `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.
+A very good description on CODE128 is also on
+`Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.

doc/user/cli-user.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CLI
+===
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-09-25
+
+Documentation of the command line interface, callable with ``python-escpos``.
+
+.. argparse::
+   :ref: escpos.cli.generate_parser
+   :prog: python-escpos

doc/user/installation.rst

@@ -1,25 +1,53 @@
-************
-Installation
-************
+.. _user_installation:
 
-:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-23
+Installation
+============
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Installation with PIP
 ---------------------
-Installation should be rather straight-forward. python-escpos is on PyPi, so you can simply enter:
+Installation should be rather straight-forward. python-escpos is on PyPi,
+so you can simply enter:
 
     ::
 
-        pip install python-escpos
+        pip install python-escpos[all]
 
-This should install all necessary dependencies. Apart from that python-escpos should also be
-available as a Debian package. If you want to always benefit from the newest stable releases you should probably
-install from PyPi.
+This should install all necessary dependencies. Apart from that
+python-escpos is for some versions also available as a Debian package.
+If you want to always benefit from the newest stable releases you should
+always install from PyPi.
+If you use the ``--pre`` parameter for ``pip``, you will get the latest
+pre-release.
+
+The following installation options exist:
+
+ * `all`: install all packages available for this platform
+ * `usb`: install packages required for USB printers
+ * `serial`: install packages required for serial printers
+ * `win32`: install packages required for win32 printing (only Windows)
+ * `cups`: install packages required for CUPS printing
+
+Other installation methods
+--------------------------
+Officially, no other installation methods are supplied.
+
+If you want to install nevertheless from another source,
+please make sure that you have received the correct package
+and that the capabilities data is properly integrated.
+When packaging from source please read the developer
+information in :ref:`developer-manual-repository`.
+
+If your packaging method breaks the resource system from setuptools,
+it might be necessary to supply the path to the capabilities file:
+:ref:`advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile`.
 
 Setup udev for USB-Printers
 ---------------------------
 1. Get the *Product ID* and *Vendor ID* from the lsusb command
-   ``# lsusb  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name``
+   ``# lsusb  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name``.
+   (Or whichever way your system supplies to get the PID and VID.)
 
 2. Create a udev rule to let users belonging to *dialout* group use the
    printer. You can create the file
@@ -35,7 +63,8 @@ Setup udev for USB-Printers
 
 Enabling tab-completion in CLI
 ------------------------------
-python-escpos has a CLI with tab-completion. This is realised with ``argcomplete``.
+python-escpos has a CLI with tab-completion.
+This is realized with ``argcomplete``.
 In order for this to work you have to enable tab-completion, which is described in
 the `manual of argcomplete <https://argcomplete.readthedocs.io>`__.
 

doc/user/methods.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-*******
 Methods
-*******
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
+=======
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Escpos class
 ------------
 
-The core part of this libraries API is the Escpos class.
-You use it by instantiating a  :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
+The core part of the API of this library is the Escpos class.
+You use it by instantiating a :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
 The following methods are available:
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.escpos.Escpos

doc/user/printers.rst

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-********
 Printers
-********
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
+========
 
-As of now there are 5 different type of printer implementations.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-23
+
+As of now there are 8 different types of printer implementations.
 
 USB
 ---
 The USB-class uses pyusb and libusb to communicate with USB-based
-printers. Note that this driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
-and similiar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
+printers.
+
+.. note::
+      This driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
+      and similar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Usb
     :members:
@@ -44,20 +47,24 @@ This driver is based on the socket class.
 
 Troubleshooting
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes. Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
-Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device. As a next step try to send text
-manually to the device. You could use for example:
+Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes.
+Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
+Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device.
+As a next step try to send text manually to the device.
+You could use for example:
 
     ::
 
             echo "OK\n" | nc IPADDRESS 9100
             # the port number is often 9100
 
-As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer. This should be described in its manual.
+As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer.
+This should be described in its manual.
 
 File
 ----
-This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
+This printer "prints" just into a file-handle.
+Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.File
       :members:
@@ -67,11 +74,50 @@ This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this
 
 Dummy
 -----
-The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes. It stores
-all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
+The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes.
+It stores all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Dummy
       :members:
       :member-order: bysource
       :noindex:
 
+CUPS
+----
+This driver uses `pycups` in order to communicate with a CUPS server.
+Supports both local and remote CUPS printers and servers.
+The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
+The connector generates a print job that is added to the CUPS queue.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.CupsPrinter
+      :members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+LP
+----
+This driver uses the UNIX command `lp` in order to communicate with a CUPS server.
+Supports local and remote CUPS printers.
+The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
+The connector spawns a new sub-process where the command lp is executed.
+
+No dependencies required, but somehow the print queue will affect some
+print job such as barcode.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.LP
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+Win32Raw
+--------
+This driver uses a native WIN32 interface of Windows in order to print.
+Please refer to the code for documentation as this driver is currently
+not included in the documentation build.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Win32Raw
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:

doc/user/raspi.rst

@@ -1,42 +1,26 @@
-************
 Raspberry Pi
-************
+============
 
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-05
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
-This instructions were tested on Raspbian Jessie.
-
-.. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface (serial port) directly to
-    a Raspberry PI or similar interface (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing). Those interfaces are
-    based on 5V- or 3,3V-logic (the latter in the case of Raspberry PI). Classical RS232 uses 12V-logic and would
-    **thus destroy your interface**. Connect both systems with an appropriate *level shifter*.
-
-Dependencies
-------------
-First, install the packages available on Raspbian.
-
-::
-
-       sudo apt-get install python3 python3-setuptools python3-pip libjpeg8-dev
+.. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface
+    (serial port) directly to a Raspberry PI or similar interface
+    (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing).
+    Those interfaces are based on 5V- or 3,3V-logic
+    (the latter in the case of Raspberry PI).
+    Classical RS232 uses 12V-logic and would **thus destroy your interface**.
+    Connect both systems with an appropriate *level shifter*.
 
 Installation
 ------------
-You can install by using pip3.
-
-::
-
-    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
-    sudo pip3 install python-escpos
+The installation should be performed as described in :ref:`user_installation`.
 
 Run
 ---
-You need sudo and python3 to run your program.
+You can run this software as on any other Linux system.
 
-::
-
-    sudo python3 your-program.py
-
-Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
-You can find that in the `project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
+Attach your printer and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
+You can find that in the
+`project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
 
 For more details on this check the :doc:`installation-manual <installation>`.

doc/user/usage.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-*****
 Usage
-*****
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-06-10
+=====
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Define your printer
 -------------------
@@ -121,10 +121,15 @@ on a USB interface.
     # Print QR Code
     p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
     # Print barcode
-    p.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
+    p.barcode('4006381333931','EAN13',64,2,'','')
     # Cut paper
     p.cut()
 
+Standard python constraints on libraries apply. This means especially
+that you should not name the script in which you implement these lines
+should not be named ``escpos`` as this would collide with the name of
+the library.
+
 Configuration File
 ------------------
 
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ And for linux::
 
     $HOME/.config/python-escpos/config.yaml
 
-If you aren't sure, run::
+If you are not sure, run::
 
     from escpos import config
     c = config.Config()
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ The printer section
 
 The ``printer`` configuration section defines a default printer to create.
 
-The only required paramter is ``type``. The value of this has to be one of the
+The only required parameter is ``type``. The value of this has to be one of the
 printers defined in :doc:`/user/printers`.
 
 The rest of the given parameters will be passed on to the initialization of the printer class.
@@ -194,17 +199,19 @@ An USB-printer could be defined by::
 
 Printing text right
 -------------------
-Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode. So make sure that you use ``u'strings'`` or import ``unicode_literals``
-from ``__future__`` if you are on Python 2. On Python 3 you should be fine.
+
+Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode.
 
 For normal usage you can simply pass your text to the printers ``text()``-function. It will automatically guess
 the right codepage and then send the encoded data to the printer. If this feature does not work, please try to
-isolate the error and then create an issue on the Github project page.
+isolate the error and then create an issue on the GitHub project page.
 
-If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage. For this please use the ``charcode()``-function. You can set
-any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``. If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
-After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore. You can revert to normal behaviour
-by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
+If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage.
+For this please use the ``charcode()``-function.
+You can set any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``.
+If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
+After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore.
+You can revert to normal behavior by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
 
 Advanced Usage: Print from binary blob
 --------------------------------------
@@ -233,6 +240,8 @@ Here you can download an example, that will print a set of common barcodes:
 
     * :download:`barcode.bin </download/barcode.bin>` by `@mike42 <https://github.com/mike42>`_
 
+.. _advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile:
+
 Advanced Usage: change capabilities-profile
 -------------------------------------------
 
@@ -289,4 +298,18 @@ This way you could also store the code in a file and print it later.
 You could then for example print the code from another process than your main-program and thus reduce the waiting time.
 (Of course this will not make the printer print faster.)
 
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+This section gathers various hints on troubleshooting.
+
+Print with STAR TSP100 family
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Printer of the STAR TSP100 family do not have a native ESC/POS mode, which
+is why you will not be able to directly print with this library to the printer.
+
+More information on this topic can be found in the online documentation of
+`Star Micronics <https://www.starmicronics.com/help-center/knowledge-base/configure-tsp100-series-printers-esc-pos-mode/>`_
+and the `discussion in the python-escpos project <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues/410>`_.
+
 

examples/barcodes.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+"""Example for printing barcodes."""
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-
 # Adapt to your needs
-p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="TM-T88II")
 
 # Print software and then hardware barcode with the same content
-p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')
-p.text('\n')
-p.text('\n')
-p.barcode('123456', 'CODE39')
+p.barcode("123456", "CODE39", width=2, force_software=True)
+p.text("\n")
+p.text("\n")
+p.barcode("123456", "CODE39")

examples/codepage_tables.py

@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
-"""Prints code page tables.
-"""
+"""Prints code page tables."""
 
-from __future__ import print_function
 
-import six
 import sys
 
+import six
+
 from escpos import printer
-from escpos.constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE, ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT
+from escpos.constants import (
+    CODEPAGE_CHANGE,
+    CTL_CR,
+    CTL_FF,
+    CTL_HT,
+    CTL_LF,
+    CTL_VT,
+    ESC,
+)
 
 
 def main():
+    """Init printer and print codepage tables."""
     dummy = printer.Dummy()
 
-    dummy.hw('init')
+    dummy.hw("init")
 
-    for codepage in sys.argv[1:] or ['USA']:
+    for codepage in sys.argv[1:] or ["USA"]:
         dummy.set(height=2, width=2)
         dummy._raw(codepage + "\n\n\n")
         print_codepage(dummy, codepage)
@@ -27,6 +35,7 @@ def main():
 
 
 def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
+    """Print a codepage."""
     if codepage.isdigit():
         codepage = int(codepage)
         printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(codepage))
@@ -37,14 +46,14 @@ def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
     sep = ""
 
     # Table header
-    printer.set(font='b')
+    printer.set(font="b")
     printer._raw("  {}\n".format(sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))))
     printer.set()
 
     # The table
     for x in range(0, 16):
         # First column
-        printer.set(font='b')
+        printer.set(font="b")
         printer._raw("{} ".format(hex(x)[2:]))
         printer.set()
 
@@ -52,12 +61,12 @@ def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
             byte = six.int2byte(x * 16 + y)
 
             if byte in (ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT):
-                byte = ' '
+                byte = " "
 
             printer._raw(byte)
             printer._raw(sep)
-        printer._raw('\n')
+        printer._raw("\n")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

examples/docker-flask/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Use the official Python image as the base image
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+
+# Set the working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy the requirements file
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+#Install the libcups library
+RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install libcups2-dev -y
+# Install the Python packages
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+RUN pip install python-escpos --pre
+
+# Install Git
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y git && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy the Flask app
+COPY app.py .
+
+# Expose the port the Flask app will run on
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+# Run the Flask app
+CMD ["python", "app.py"]

examples/docker-flask/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Simple example on how to use it inside a web service
+
+```
+docker build . -t escpos-web
+docker run --network=host -p 9999:9999 escpos
+```

examples/docker-flask/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Example for a flask application."""
+from flask import Flask
+
+from escpos.printer import CupsPrinter
+
+# Initialize Flask app
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+
+@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
+def do_print():
+    """Print."""
+    # p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0e28, 0)
+    p = CupsPrinter(host="localhost", port=631, printer_name="TM-T20III")
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.cut()
+    p.close()
+    return "OK"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app.run(debug=False, host="0.0.0.0", port=9999)

examples/docker-flask/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+appdirs==1.4.4
+argcomplete==3.0.8
+blinker==1.6.2
+click==8.1.3
+Flask==2.3.2
+itsdangerous==2.1.2
+Jinja2==3.1.2
+MarkupSafe==2.1.2
+Pillow==10.0.1
+pycups==2.0.1
+pypng==0.20220715.0
+pyserial==3.5
+python-barcode==0.14.0
+python-escpos==3.0a9
+pyusb==1.2.1
+PyYAML==6.0
+qrcode==7.4.2
+six==1.16.0
+typing_extensions==4.5.0
+Werkzeug==3.0.1

examples/graphics/climacons/readme.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Climacons by Adam Whitcroft
 
-75 climatically categorised pictographs for web and UI design by [@adamwhitcroft](http://www.twitter.com/#!/adamwhitcroft).
+75 climatically categorised pictographs for web and UI design by [@adamwhitcroft](https://www.twitter.com/#!/adamwhitcroft).
 
-Visit the [Climacons](http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/) website for more information.
+Visit the [Climacons](https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/) website for more information.
 
 Visit [Adam Whitcroft on GitHub](https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft)
 

examples/qr_code.py

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
+"""Print example QR codes."""
 import sys
 
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
 
 def usage():
+    """Print information on usage."""
     print("usage: qr_code.py <content>")
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     if len(sys.argv) != 2:
         usage()
         sys.exit(1)

examples/software_barcode.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+"""Example file for software barcodes."""
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-
 # Adapt to your needs
 p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 
 # Some software barcodes
-p.soft_barcode('code128', 'Hello')
-p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')
+p.barcode("Hello", "code128", width=2, force_software="bitImageRaster")
+p.barcode("1234", "code39", width=2, force_software=True)

examples/weather.py

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
+"""Weather forecast example.
+
+Adapted script from Adafruit
+Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
+Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
+forecasts for next two days.
+Weather example using nice bitmaps.
+Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
+Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
+
+Icons taken from https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
+Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
+"""
 
 
-# Adapted script from Adafruit
-# Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
-# Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
-# forecasts for next two days.
-# Weather example using nice bitmaps.
-# Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
-# Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
-
-# Icons taken from http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
-# Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
-
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-from datetime import datetime
 import calendar
-import urllib
 import json
-import time
 import os
+import time
+import urllib
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-""" Setting up the main pathing """
+"""Set up the main pathing."""
 this_dir, this_filename = os.path.split(__file__)
 GRAPHICS_PATH = os.path.join(this_dir, "graphics/climacons/")
 
@@ -34,93 +34,97 @@ printer = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 # Technically you can use any other weather service, of course :)
 API_KEY = "YOUR API KEY"
 
-LAT = "22.345490"       # Your Location
-LONG = "114.189945"     # Your Location
+LAT = "22.345490"  # Your Location
+LONG = "114.189945"  # Your Location
 
 
 def forecast_icon(idx):
-    icon = data['daily']['data'][idx]['icon']
+    """Get right icon for forecast."""
+    icon = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["icon"]
     image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
     return image
 
 
-# Dumps one forecast line to the printer
 def forecast(idx):
-    date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data['daily']['data'][idx]['time']))
+    """Dump one forecast line to the printer."""
+    date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data["daily"]["data"][idx]["time"]))
     day = calendar.day_name[date.weekday()]
-    lo = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMin']
-    hi = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMax']
-    cond = data['daily']['data'][idx]['summary']
+    lo = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["temperatureMin"]
+    hi = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["temperatureMax"]
+    cond = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["summary"]
     print(date)
     print(day)
     print(lo)
     print(hi)
     print(cond)
     time.sleep(1)
-    printer.set(
-        font='a',
-        height=2,
-        align='left',
-        bold=False,
-        double_height=False)
-    printer.text(day + ' \n ')
-    time.sleep(5)           # Sleep to prevent printer buffer overflow
-    printer.text('\n')
+    printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="left", bold=False, double_height=False)
+    printer.text(day + " \n ")
+    time.sleep(5)  # Sleep to prevent printer buffer overflow
+    printer.text("\n")
     printer.image(forecast_icon(idx))
-    printer.text('low ' + str(lo))
+    printer.text("low " + str(lo))
     printer.text(deg)
-    printer.text('\n')
-    printer.text(' high ' + str(hi))
+    printer.text("\n")
+    printer.text(" high " + str(hi))
     printer.text(deg)
-    printer.text('\n')
+    printer.text("\n")
     # take care of pesky unicode dash
-    printer.text(cond.replace(u'\u2013', '-').encode('utf-8'))
-    printer.text('\n \n')
+    printer.text(cond.replace("\u2013", "-").encode("utf-8"))
+    printer.text("\n \n")
 
 
 def icon():
-    icon = data['currently']['icon']
+    """Get icon."""
+    icon = data["currently"]["icon"]
     image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
     return image
 
 
-deg = ' C'      # Degree symbol on thermal printer, need to find a better way to use a proper degree symbol
+deg = " C"  # Degree symbol on thermal printer, need to find a better way to use a proper degree symbol
 
 # if you want Fahrenheit change units= to 'us'
-url = "https://api.darksky.net/forecast/" + API_KEY + "/" + LAT + "," + LONG + \
-    "?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si"  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
+url = (
+    "https://api.darksky.net/forecast/"
+    + API_KEY
+    + "/"
+    + LAT
+    + ","
+    + LONG
+    + "?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si"
+)  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
 response = urllib.urlopen(url)
 data = json.loads(response.read())
 
 printer.print_and_feed(n=1)
 printer.control("LF")
-printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=True)
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=True)
 printer.text("Weather Forecast")
 printer.text("\n")
-printer.set(align='center')
+printer.set(align="center")
 
 
 # Print current conditions
-printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
-printer.text('Current conditions: \n')
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text("Current conditions: \n")
 printer.image(icon())
 printer.text("\n")
 
-printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='left', bold=False, double_height=False)
-temp = data['currently']['temperature']
-cond = data['currently']['summary']
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="left", bold=False, double_height=False)
+temp = data["currently"]["temperature"]
+cond = data["currently"]["summary"]
 printer.text(temp)
-printer.text(' ')
+printer.text(" ")
 printer.text(deg)
-printer.text(' ')
-printer.text('\n')
-printer.text('Sky: ' + cond)
-printer.text('\n')
-printer.text('\n')
+printer.text(" ")
+printer.text("\n")
+printer.text("Sky: " + cond)
+printer.text("\n")
+printer.text("\n")
 
 # Print forecast
-printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
-printer.text('Forecast: \n')
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text("Forecast: \n")
 forecast(0)
 forecast(1)
 printer.cut()

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[tool.black]
+extend-exclude = 'capabilities-data'
+
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+minversion = "6.0"
+addopts = "--doctest-modules --cov escpos --cov-report=xml"
+testpaths = [
+    "test",
+    "src",
+    "src/escpos",
+    "escpos",
+]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["pytest",
+          "jaconv",
+          "scripttest",
+          "barcode.*",
+          "qrcode",
+          "usb.*",
+          "cups",
+          "win32print"
+         ]
+ignore_missing_imports = true

readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-formats:
-  - pdf
-  - epub
-requirements_file: doc/requirements.txt
-python:
-  version: 3
-  setup_py_install: true

setup.cfg

@@ -1,12 +1,80 @@
-[nosetests]
-verbosity=3
-with-doctest=1
+[metadata]
+name = python-escpos
+url = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos
+description = Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
+long_description = file: README.rst
+license = MIT
+license_file = LICENSE
+author = python-escpos developers
+author_email = dev@pkanzler.de
+maintainer = Patrick Kanzler
+maintainer_email = dev@pkanzler.de
+keywords = ESC/POS, thermoprinter, voucher printer, printing, receipt
+classifiers =
+    Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+    Environment :: Console
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+    Programming Language :: Python
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+    Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+    Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues
+    Documentation = https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+    Release Notes = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/releases
 
-[bdist_wheel]
-# This flag says that the code is written to work on both Python 2 and Python 3.
-universal=1
+[options]
+python_requires = >=3.8
+zip_safe = false
+include_package_data = true
+install_requires =
+    Pillow>=2.0
+    qrcode>=4.0
+    python-barcode>=0.9.1,<1
+    setuptools
+    six
+    appdirs
+    PyYAML
+    argparse
+    argcomplete
+    importlib_resources
+setup_requires = setuptools_scm
+tests_require =
+    jaconv
+    tox>=4.11
+    pytest>=7.4
+    pytest-cov
+    pytest-mock
+    scripttest
+    mock
+    hypothesis>=6.83
+    flake8
+    sphinxcontrib-spelling>=8.0.0
+
+[options.extras_require]
+usb =
+    pyusb>=1.0.0
+serial =
+    pyserial
+cups =
+    pycups; platform_system!='Windows'
+win32 =
+    pywin32; platform_system=='Windows'
+all =
+    pyusb>=1.0.0
+    pyserial
+    pycups; platform_system!='Windows'
+    pywin32; platform_system=='Windows'
 
 [flake8]
 exclude = .git,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
 max-line-length = 120
-# future-imports = absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals  # we are not there yet
+extend-ignore = E203, W503

setup.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Setup script for python package."""
 
 import os
 import sys
-from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
 base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 src_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "src")
@@ -14,97 +15,31 @@ sys.path.insert(0, src_dir)
 
 
 def read(fname):
-    """read file from same path as setup.py"""
+    """Read file from same path as setup.py."""
     return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
 
 
 setuptools_scm_template = """\
-# coding: utf-8
-# file generated by setuptools_scm
-# don't change, don't track in version control
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+\"\"\"Version identifier.
+
+file generated by setuptools_scm
+don't change, don't track in version control
+\"\"\"
 
 version = '{version}'
 """
 
 
 setup(
-    name='python-escpos',
     use_scm_version={
-        'write_to': 'src/escpos/version.py',
-        'write_to_template': setuptools_scm_template,
+        "write_to": "src/escpos/version.py",
+        "write_to_template": setuptools_scm_template,
     },
-    url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos',
-    download_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/archive/master.zip',
-    description='Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers',
-    license='MIT',
-    long_description=read('README.rst'),
-    author='Manuel F Martinez and others',
-    author_email='manpaz@bashlinux.com',
-    maintainer='Patrick Kanzler',
-    maintainer_email='dev@pkanzler.de',
-    keywords=[
-        'ESC/POS',
-        'thermoprinter',
-        'voucher printer',
-        'printing',
-        'receipt,',
-    ],
-    platforms='any',
+    platforms="any",
     package_dir={"": "src"},
     packages=find_packages(where="src", exclude=["tests", "tests.*"]),
-    package_data={'escpos': ['capabilities.json']},
-    include_package_data=True,
-    classifiers=[
-        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-        'Environment :: Console',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
-        'Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale',
-    ],
-    install_requires=[
-        'pyusb>=1.0.0',
-        'Pillow>=2.0',
-        'qrcode>=4.0',
-        'pyserial',
-        'six',
-        'appdirs',
-        'PyYAML',
-        'argparse',
-        'argcomplete',
-        'future',
-        'viivakoodi>=0.8'
-    ],
-    setup_requires=[
-        'setuptools_scm',
-    ],
-    tests_require=[
-        'jaconv',
-        'tox',
-        'pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0',
-        'pytest-cov',
-        'pytest-mock',
-        'nose',
-        'scripttest',
-        'mock',
-        'hypothesis>4',
-        'flake8'
-    ],
-    entry_points={
-        'console_scripts': [
-            'python-escpos = escpos.cli:main'
-        ]
-    },
+    package_data={"escpos": ["capabilities.json"]},
+    entry_points={"console_scripts": ["python-escpos = escpos.cli:main"]},
 )

src/escpos/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers
-"""
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+"""python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers."""
 
 __all__ = ["constants", "escpos", "exceptions", "printer"]
 
@@ -13,7 +7,7 @@ try:
     from .version import version as __version__  # noqa
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
     raise ImportError(
-        'Failed to find (autogenerated) version.py. '
-        'This might be because you are installing from GitHub\'s tarballs, '
-        'use the PyPI ones.'
+        "Failed to find (autogenerated) version.py. "
+        "This might be because you are installing from GitHub's tarballs, "
+        "use the PyPI ones."
     )

src/escpos/capabilities.py

@@ -1,150 +1,198 @@
-import re
-from os import environ, path
-import pickle
+"""Handler for capabilities data."""
+import atexit
 import logging
+import pickle
+import platform
+import re
 import time
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from os import environ, path
+from tempfile import mkdtemp
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Type
 
+import importlib_resources
 import six
 import yaml
 
-from tempfile import gettempdir
-import platform
-
 logging.basicConfig()
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-pickle_dir = environ.get('ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR', gettempdir())
-pickle_path = path.join(pickle_dir, '{v}.capabilities.pickle'.format(v=platform.python_version()))
+pickle_dir = environ.get("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR", mkdtemp())
+pickle_path = path.join(
+    pickle_dir, "{v}.capabilities.pickle".format(v=platform.python_version())
+)
+# get a temporary file from importlib_resources if no file is specified in env
+file_manager = ExitStack()
+atexit.register(file_manager.close)
+ref = importlib_resources.files(__name__) / "capabilities.json"
 capabilities_path = environ.get(
-    'ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE',
-    path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'capabilities.json'))
+    "ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE",
+    file_manager.enter_context(importlib_resources.as_file(ref)),
+)
 
 # Load external printer database
 t0 = time.time()
-logger.debug('Using capabilities from file: %s', capabilities_path)
+logger.debug("Using capabilities from file: %s", capabilities_path)
 if path.exists(pickle_path):
     if path.getmtime(capabilities_path) > path.getmtime(pickle_path):
-        logger.debug('Found a more recent capabilities file')
+        logger.debug("Found a more recent capabilities file")
         full_load = True
     else:
         full_load = False
-        logger.debug('Loading capabilities from pickle in %s', pickle_path)
-        with open(pickle_path, 'rb') as cf:
+        logger.debug("Loading capabilities from pickle in %s", pickle_path)
+        with open(pickle_path, "rb") as cf:
             CAPABILITIES = pickle.load(cf)
 else:
-    logger.debug('Capabilities pickle file not found: %s', pickle_path)
+    logger.debug("Capabilities pickle file not found: %s", pickle_path)
     full_load = True
 
 if full_load:
-    logger.debug('Loading and pickling capabilities')
-    with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, 'wb') as pp:
+    logger.debug("Loading and pickling capabilities")
+    with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, "wb") as pp:
         CAPABILITIES = yaml.safe_load(cp)
+        if not CAPABILITIES:
+            # yaml could not be loaded
+            print(
+                f"Capabilities yaml from {capabilities_path} could not be loaded.\n"
+                "This python package seems to be broken. If it has been installed "
+                "from official sources, please report an issue on GitHub.\n"
+                "Currently loaded capabilities:\n"
+                f"{CAPABILITIES}"
+            )
+            CAPABILITIES = {
+                "profiles": {
+                    "default": {
+                        "name": "BrokenDefault",
+                        "notes": "The integrated capabilities file could not be found and has been replaced.",
+                        "codePages": {"0": "Broken"},
+                        "features": {},
+                    },
+                },
+                "encodings": {
+                    "Broken": {
+                        "name": "Broken",
+                        "notes": "The configuration is broken.",
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+            print(
+                "Created a minimal backup profile, "
+                "many functionalities of the library will not work:\n"
+                f"{CAPABILITIES}"
+            )
         pickle.dump(CAPABILITIES, pp, protocol=2)
 
-logger.debug('Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs', time.time() - t0)
-
-
-PROFILES = CAPABILITIES['profiles']
+logger.debug("Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs", time.time() - t0)
 
 
 class NotSupported(Exception):
-    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the
-    printer profile.
-    """
+    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the printer profile."""
+
     pass
 
 
-BARCODE_B = 'barcodeB'
+BARCODE_B = "barcodeB"
 
 
 class BaseProfile(object):
-    """This respresents a printer profile.
+    """This represents a printer profile.
 
     A printer profile knows about the number of columns, supported
     features, colors and more.
     """
 
-    profile_data = {}
+    profile_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
+        """Get a data element from the profile."""
         return self.profile_data[name]
 
-    def get_font(self, font):
-        """Return the escpos index for `font`. Makes sure that
-        the requested `font` is valid.
+    def get_font(self, font) -> int:
+        """Return the escpos index for `font`.
+
+        Makes sure that the requested `font` is valid.
         """
-        font = {'a': 0, 'b': 1}.get(font, font)
+        font = {"a": 0, "b": 1}.get(font, font)
         if not six.text_type(font) in self.fonts:
             raise NotSupported(
-                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font))
+                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font)
+            )
         return font
 
     def get_columns(self, font):
-        """ Return the number of columns for the given font.
-        """
+        """Return the number of columns for the given font."""
         font = self.get_font(font)
-        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]['columns']
+        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]["columns"]
 
     def supports(self, feature):
-        """Return true/false for the given feature.
-        """
+        """Return true/false for the given feature."""
         return self.features.get(feature)
 
     def get_code_pages(self):
-        """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict.
-        """
+        """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict."""
         return {v: k for k, v in self.codePages.items()}
 
 
-def get_profile(name=None, **kwargs):
-    """Get the profile by name; if no name is given, return the
-    default profile.
+def get_profile(name: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs):
+    """Get a profile by name.
+
+    If no name is given, return the default profile.
     """
     if isinstance(name, Profile):
         return name
 
-    clazz = get_profile_class(name or 'default')
+    clazz = get_profile_class(name or "default")
     return clazz(**kwargs)
 
 
 CLASS_CACHE = {}
 
 
-def get_profile_class(name):
-    """For the given profile name, load the data from the external
+def get_profile_class(name: str) -> Type[BaseProfile]:
+    """Load a profile class.
+
+    For the given profile name, load the data from the external
     database, then generate dynamically a class.
     """
     if name not in CLASS_CACHE:
-        profile_data = PROFILES[name]
+        profiles: Dict[str, Any] = CAPABILITIES["profiles"]
+        profile_data = profiles[name]
         profile_name = clean(name)
-        class_name = '{}{}Profile'.format(
-            profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
-        new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {'profile_data': profile_data})
+        class_name = "{}{}Profile".format(profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
+        new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {"profile_data": profile_data})
         CLASS_CACHE[name] = new_class
 
     return CLASS_CACHE[name]
 
 
 def clean(s):
+    """Clean profile name."""
     # Remove invalid characters
-    s = re.sub('[^0-9a-zA-Z_]', '', s)
+    s = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "", s)
     # Remove leading characters until we find a letter or underscore
-    s = re.sub('^[^a-zA-Z_]+', '', s)
+    s = re.sub("^[^a-zA-Z_]+", "", s)
     return str(s)
 
 
-class Profile(get_profile_class('default')):
-    """
-    For users, who want to provide their profile
+# mute the mypy type issue with this dynamic base class function for now (: Any)
+ProfileBaseClass: Any = get_profile_class("default")
+
+
+class Profile(ProfileBaseClass):
+    """Profile class for user usage.
+
+    For users, who want to provide their own profile.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, columns=None, features=None):
+        """Initialize profile."""
         super(Profile, self).__init__()
 
         self.columns = columns
         self.features = features or {}
 
     def get_columns(self, font):
+        """Get column count of printer."""
         if self.columns is not None:
             return self.columns
 

src/escpos/cli.py

@@ -1,41 +1,44 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
-""" CLI
+"""CLI.
 
 This module acts as a command line interface for python-escpos. It mirrors
-closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convience.
+closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convenience.
 
 It requires you to have a configuration file. See documentation for details.
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import argparse
+import platform
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
+
 try:
     import argcomplete
 except ImportError:
     # this CLI works nevertheless without argcomplete
     pass  # noqa
 import sys
+
 import six
+
 from . import config
+from . import printer as escpos_printer_module
 from . import version
 
 
 # Must be defined before it's used in DEMO_FUNCTIONS
 def str_to_bool(string):
-    """ Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
-    bool instead of always True
+    """Convert string to bool.
+
+    Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
+    bool instead of always True.
     """
-    return string.lower() in ('y', 'yes', '1', 'true')
+    return string.lower() in ("y", "yes", "1", "true")
 
 
 # A list of functions that work better with a newline to be sent after them.
-REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ('qr', 'barcode', 'text', 'block_text')
+REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ("qr", "barcode", "text", "block_text")
 
 
 # Used in demo method
@@ -43,40 +46,46 @@ REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ('qr', 'barcode', 'text', 'block_text')
 #   manual translation is done in the case of barcodes_a -> barcode.
 # Value: A list of dictionaries to pass to the escpos function as arguments.
 DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
-    'text': [
-        {'txt': 'Hello, World!\n', }
+    "text": [
+        {
+            "txt": "Hello, World!\n",
+        }
     ],
-    'qr': [
-        {'content': 'This tests a QR code'},
-        {'content': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/'}
+    "qr": [
+        {"content": "This tests a QR code"},
+        {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/"},
     ],
-    'barcodes_a': [
-        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576'},
-        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST'},
-        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103'},
-        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A'},
+    "barcodes_a": [
+        {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576"},
+        {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "4006381333931"},
+        {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354"},
+        {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST"},
+        {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103"},
+        {"bc": "NW7", "code": "A00000000A"},
     ],
-    'barcodes_b': [
-        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128A', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128B', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128C', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1-128', 'code': '00123456780000000001', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Truncated', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Limited', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Expanded', 'code': '00AAAAAAA', 'function_type': 'B'},
+    "barcodes_b": [
+        {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "4006381333931", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "NW7", "code": "A00000000A", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE93", "code": "A00000000A", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE93", "code": "1324354657687", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128A", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128B", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128C", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1-128", "code": "00123456780000000001", "function_type": "B"},
+        {
+            "bc": "GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional",
+            "code": "0000000000000",
+            "function_type": "B",
+        },
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Truncated", "code": "0000000000000", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Limited", "code": "0000000000000", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Expanded", "code": "00AAAAAAA", "function_type": "B"},
     ],
 }
 
@@ -86,435 +95,484 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
 # parser: A dict of args for command_parsers.add_parser
 # defaults: A dict of args for subparser.set_defaults
 # arguments: A list of dicts of args for subparser.add_argument
-ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
+ESCPOS_COMMANDS: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'qr',
-            'help': 'Print a QR code',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "qr",
+            "help": "Print a QR code",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'qr',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "qr",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--content',),
-                'help': 'Text to print as a qr code',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--content",),
+                "help": "Text to print as a qr code",
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--size',),
-                'help': 'QR code size (1-16) [default:3]',
-                'required': False,
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--size",),
+                "help": "QR code size (1-16) [default:3]",
+                "required": False,
+                "type": int,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "barcode",
+            "help": "Print a barcode",
+        },
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "barcode",
+        },
+        "arguments": [
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--code",),
+                "help": "Barcode data to print",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--bc",),
+                "help": "Barcode format",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--height",),
+                "help": "Barcode height in px",
+                "type": int,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Barcode width",
+                "type": int,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--pos",),
+                "help": "Label position",
+                "choices": ["BELOW", "ABOVE", "BOTH", "OFF"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--font",),
+                "help": "Label font",
+                "choices": ["A", "B"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--align_ct",),
+                "help": "Align barcode center",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--function_type",),
+                "help": "ESCPOS function type",
+                "choices": ["A", "B"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--force_software",),
+                "help": "Force render and print barcode as an image",
+                "choices": ["graphics", "bitImageColumn", "bitImageRaster"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "text",
+            "help": "Print plain text",
+        },
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "text",
+        },
+        "arguments": [
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--txt",),
+                "help": "Plain text to print",
+                "required": True,
             }
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'barcode',
-            'help': 'Print a barcode',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "block_text",
+            "help": "Print wrapped text",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'barcode',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "block_text",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--code',),
-                'help': 'Barcode data to print',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--txt",),
+                "help": "block_text to print",
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--bc',),
-                'help': 'Barcode format',
-                'required': True,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--height',),
-                'help': 'Barcode height in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Barcode width',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
-                'help': 'Label position',
-                'choices': ['BELOW', 'ABOVE', 'BOTH', 'OFF'],
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--font',),
-                'help': 'Label font',
-                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--align_ct',),
-                'help': 'Align barcode center',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--function_type',),
-                'help': 'ESCPOS function type',
-                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
+                "option_strings": ("--columns",),
+                "help": "Number of columns",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'text',
-            'help': 'Print plain text',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "cut",
+            "help": "Cut the paper",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'text',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "cut",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
-                'help': 'Plain text to print',
-                'required': True,
-            }
-        ],
-    },
-    {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'block_text',
-            'help': 'Print wrapped text',
-        },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'block_text',
-        },
-        'arguments': [
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
-                'help': 'block_text to print',
-                'required': True,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--columns',),
-                'help': 'Number of columns',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--mode",),
+                "help": "Type of cut",
+                "choices": ["FULL", "PART"],
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'cut',
-            'help': 'Cut the paper',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "cashdraw",
+            "help": "Kick the cash drawer",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'cut',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "cashdraw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--mode',),
-                'help': 'Type of cut',
-                'choices': ['FULL', 'PART'],
+                "option_strings": ("--pin",),
+                "help": "Which PIN to kick",
+                "choices": [2, 5],
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'cashdraw',
-            'help': 'Kick the cash drawer',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "image",
+            "help": "Print an image",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'cashdraw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "image",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--pin',),
-                'help': 'Which PIN to kick',
-                'choices': [2, 5],
+                "option_strings": ("--img_source",),
+                "help": "Path to image",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--impl",),
+                "help": "Implementation to use",
+                "choices": ["bitImageRaster", "bitImageColumn", "graphics"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--high_density_horizontal",),
+                "help": "Image density (horizontal)",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--high_density_vertical",),
+                "help": "Image density (vertical)",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'image',
-            'help': 'Print an image',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "fullimage",
+            "help": "Print a fullimage",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'image',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "fullimage",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--img_source',),
-                'help': 'Path to image',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--img",),
+                "help": "Path to img",
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--impl',),
-                'help': 'Implementation to use',
-                'choices': ['bitImageRaster', 'bitImageColumn', 'graphics'],
+                "option_strings": ("--max_height",),
+                "help": "Max height of image in px",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--high_density_horizontal',),
-                'help': 'Image density (horizontal)',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Max width of image in px",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--high_density_vertical',),
-                'help': 'Image density (vertical)',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },
-
-        ],
-    },
-    {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'fullimage',
-            'help': 'Print a fullimage',
-        },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'fullimage',
-        },
-        'arguments': [
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--img',),
-                'help': 'Path to img',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--histeq",),
+                "help": "Equalize the histogram",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--max_height',),
-                'help': 'Max height of image in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Max width of image in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--histeq',),
-                'help': 'Equalize the histrogram',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--bandsize',),
-                'help': 'Size of bands to divide into when printing',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--bandsize",),
+                "help": "Size of bands to divide into when printing",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'charcode',
-            'help': 'Set character code table',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "charcode",
+            "help": "Set character code table",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'charcode',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "charcode",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--code',),
-                'help': 'Character code',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--code",),
+                "help": "Character code",
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'set',
-            'help': 'Set text properties',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "set",
+            "help": "Set text properties",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'set',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "set",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--align',),
-                'help': 'Horizontal alignment',
-                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+                "option_strings": ("--align",),
+                "help": "Horizontal alignment",
+                "choices": ["left", "center", "right"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--font',),
-                'help': 'Font choice',
-                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+                "option_strings": ("--font",),
+                "help": "Font choice",
+                "choices": ["left", "center", "right"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--text_type',),
-                'help': 'Text properties',
-                'choices': ['B', 'U', 'U2', 'BU', 'BU2', 'NORMAL'],
+                "option_strings": ("--text_type",),
+                "help": "Text properties",
+                "choices": ["B", "U", "U2", "BU", "BU2", "NORMAL"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Width multiplier',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Width multiplier",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--height',),
-                'help': 'Height multiplier',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--height",),
+                "help": "Height multiplier",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--density',),
-                'help': 'Print density',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--density",),
+                "help": "Print density",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--invert',),
-                'help': 'White on black printing',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--invert",),
+                "help": "White on black printing",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--smooth',),
-                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--smooth",),
+                "help": "Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--flip',),
-                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--flip",),
+                "help": "Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'hw',
-            'help': 'Hardware operations',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "hw",
+            "help": "Hardware operations",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'hw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "hw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--hw',),
-                'help': 'Operation',
-                'choices': ['INIT', 'SELECT', 'RESET'],
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--hw",),
+                "help": "Operation",
+                "choices": ["INIT", "SELECT", "RESET"],
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'control',
-            'help': 'Control sequences',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "control",
+            "help": "Control sequences",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'control',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "control",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--ctl',),
-                'help': 'Control sequence',
-                'choices': ['LF', 'FF', 'CR', 'HT', 'VT'],
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--ctl",),
+                "help": "Control sequence",
+                "choices": ["LF", "FF", "CR", "HT", "VT"],
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
-                'help': 'Horizontal tab position (1-4)',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--pos",),
+                "help": "Horizontal tab position (1-4)",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'panel_buttons',
-            'help': 'Controls panel buttons',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "panel_buttons",
+            "help": "Controls panel buttons",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'panel_buttons',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "panel_buttons",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--enable',),
-                'help': 'Feed button enabled',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--enable",),
+                "help": "Feed button enabled",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'raw',
-            'help': 'Raw data',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "raw",
+            "help": "Raw data",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': '_raw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "_raw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--msg',),
-                'help': 'Raw data to send',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--msg",),
+                "help": "Raw data to send",
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
 ]
 
 
-def main():
-    """
-
-    Handles loading of configuration and creating and processing of command
-    line arguments. Called when run from a CLI.
-
-    """
-
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description='CLI for python-escpos',
-        epilog='Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config'
-        'file. See documentation for details.',
+def print_extended_information() -> None:
+    """Print diagnostic information for bug reports."""
+    print(f"* python-escpos version: `{version.version}`")
+    print(
+        f"* python version: `{platform.python_implementation()} v{platform.python_version()}`"
+    )
+    print(f"* platform: `{platform.platform()}`")
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `USB` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Usb.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `File` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.File.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Network` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Network.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Serial` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Serial.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(f"* printer driver `LP` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.LP.is_usable()}`")
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Dummy` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Dummy.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `CupsPrinter` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.CupsPrinter.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Win32Raw` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Win32Raw.is_usable()}`"
     )
 
-    parser.register('type', 'bool', str_to_bool)
+
+def generate_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """Generate an argparse parser."""
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="CLI for python-escpos",
+        epilog="Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config"
+        "file. See documentation for details.",
+    )
+
+    parser.register("type", "bool", str_to_bool)
 
     # Allow config file location to be passed
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-c', '--config',
-        help='Alternate path to the configuration file',
+        "-c",
+        "--config",
+        help="Alternate path to the configuration file",
     )
 
     # Everything interesting runs off of a subparser so we can use the format
     # cli [subparser] -args
     command_subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
-        title='ESCPOS Command',
-        dest='parser',
+        title="ESCPOS Command",
+        dest="parser",
     )
     # fix inconsistencies in the behaviour of some versions of argparse
-    command_subparsers.required = False   # force 'required' testing
+    command_subparsers.required = False  # force 'required' testing
 
     # Build the ESCPOS command arguments
     for command in ESCPOS_COMMANDS:
-        parser_command = command_subparsers.add_parser(**command['parser'])
-        parser_command.set_defaults(**command['defaults'])
-        for argument in command['arguments']:
-            option_strings = argument.pop('option_strings')
+        parser_command = command_subparsers.add_parser(**command["parser"])
+        parser_command.set_defaults(**command["defaults"])
+        for argument in command["arguments"]:
+            option_strings = argument.pop("option_strings")
             parser_command.add_argument(*option_strings, **argument)
 
     # Build any custom arguments
-    parser_command_demo = command_subparsers.add_parser('demo',
-                                                        help='Demonstrates various functions')
-    parser_command_demo.set_defaults(func='demo')
+    parser_command_demo = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "demo", help="Demonstrates various functions"
+    )
+    parser_command_demo.set_defaults(func="demo")
     demo_group = parser_command_demo.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--barcodes-a',
-        help='Print demo barcodes for function type A',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--barcodes-a",
+        help="Print demo barcodes for function type A",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--barcodes-b',
-        help='Print demo barcodes for function type B',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--barcodes-b",
+        help="Print demo barcodes for function type B",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--qr',
-        help='Print some demo QR codes',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--qr",
+        help="Print some demo QR codes",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--text',
-        help='Print some demo text',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--text",
+        help="Print some demo text",
+        action="store_true",
     )
 
-    parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser('version',
-                                                           help='Print the version of python-escpos')
+    parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "version", help="Print the version information of python-escpos"
+    )
     parser_command_version.set_defaults(version=True)
 
+    parser_command_version_extended = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "version_extended",
+        help="Print the extended version information of python-escpos (for bug reports)",
+    )
+    parser_command_version_extended.set_defaults(version_extended=True)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def main():
+    """Handle main entry point of CLI script.
+
+    Handles loading of configuration and creating and processing of command
+    line arguments. Called when run from a CLI.
+    """
+    parser = generate_parser()
+
     # hook in argcomplete
-    if 'argcomplete' in globals():
+    if "argcomplete" in globals():
         argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
 
     # Get only arguments actually passed
@@ -522,16 +580,23 @@ def main():
     if not args_dict:
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit()
-    command_arguments = dict([k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None)
+    command_arguments = dict(
+        [k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None
+    )
 
     # If version should be printed, do this, then exit
-    print_version = command_arguments.pop('version', None)
+    print_version = command_arguments.pop("version", None)
     if print_version:
         print(version.version)
         sys.exit()
 
+    print_version_extended = command_arguments.pop("version_extended", None)
+    if print_version_extended:
+        print_extended_information()
+        sys.exit()
+
     # If there was a config path passed, grab it
-    config_path = command_arguments.pop('config', None)
+    config_path = command_arguments.pop("config", None)
 
     # Load the configuration and defined printer
     saved_config = config.Config()
@@ -539,12 +604,12 @@ def main():
     printer = saved_config.printer()
 
     if not printer:
-        raise Exception('No printers loaded from config')
+        raise Exception("No printers loaded from config")
 
-    target_command = command_arguments.pop('func')
+    target_command = command_arguments.pop("func")
 
     # remove helper-argument 'parser' from dict
-    command_arguments.pop('parser', None)
+    command_arguments.pop("parser", None)
 
     if hasattr(printer, target_command):
         # print command with args
@@ -552,13 +617,14 @@ def main():
         if target_command in REQUIRES_NEWLINE:
             printer.text("\n")
     else:
-        command_arguments['printer'] = printer
+        command_arguments["printer"] = printer
         globals()[target_command](**command_arguments)
 
 
 def demo(printer, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Prints specificed demos. Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
+    """Print demos.
+
+    Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
     uses the DEMO_FUNCTIONS dictionary.
 
     :param printer: A printer from escpos.printer
@@ -568,14 +634,14 @@ def demo(printer, **kwargs):
     for demo_choice in kwargs.keys():
         command = getattr(
             printer,
-            demo_choice
-            .replace('barcodes_a', 'barcode')
-            .replace('barcodes_b', 'barcode')
+            demo_choice.replace("barcodes_a", "barcode").replace(
+                "barcodes_b", "barcode"
+            ),
         )
         for params in DEMO_FUNCTIONS[demo_choice]:
             command(**params)
         printer.cut()
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

src/escpos/codepages.py

@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
+"""Helper module for codepage handling."""
 from .capabilities import CAPABILITIES
 
 
 class CodePageManager:
-    """Holds information about all the code pages (as defined
-    in escpos-printer-db).
+    """Holds information about all the code pages.
+
+    Information as defined in escpos-printer-db.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data):
+        """Initialize codepage manager."""
         self.data = data
 
     def get_all(self):
+        """Get list of all codepages."""
         return self.data.values()
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_encoding_name(encoding):
-        # TODO resolve the encoding alias
+        """Get encoding name.
+
+        .. todo:: Resolve the encoding alias.
+        """
         return encoding.upper()
 
     def get_encoding(self, encoding):
+        """Return the encoding data."""
         return self.data[encoding]
 
 
-CodePages = CodePageManager(CAPABILITIES['encodings'])
+CodePages = CodePageManager(CAPABILITIES["encodings"])

src/escpos/config.py

@@ -1,33 +1,27 @@
-""" ESC/POS configuration manager.
-
-This module contains the implentations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
+"""ESC/POS configuration manager.
 
+This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
 """
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import os
+
 import appdirs
 import yaml
 
-from . import printer
-from . import exceptions
+from . import exceptions, printer
 
 
 class Config(object):
-    """  Configuration handler class.
+    """Configuration handler class.
 
-    This class loads configuration from a default or specificed directory. It
+    This class loads configuration from a default or specified directory. It
     can create your defined printer and return it to you.
     """
-    _app_name = 'python-escpos'
-    _config_file = 'config.yaml'
+
+    _app_name = "python-escpos"
+    _config_file = "config.yaml"
 
     def __init__(self):
-        """ Initialize configuration.
+        """Initialize configuration.
 
         Remember to add anything that needs to be reset between configurations
         to self._reset_config
@@ -39,7 +33,7 @@ class Config(object):
         self._printer_config = None
 
     def _reset_config(self):
-        """ Clear the loaded configuration.
+        """Clear the loaded configuration.
 
         If we are loading a changed config, we don't want to have leftover
         data.
@@ -51,42 +45,41 @@ class Config(object):
         self._printer_config = None
 
     def load(self, config_path=None):
-        """ Load and parse the configuration file using pyyaml
+        """Load and parse the configuration file using pyyaml.
 
         :param config_path: An optional file path, file handle, or byte string
             for the configuration file.
-
         """
-
         self._reset_config()
 
         if not config_path:
             config_path = os.path.join(
-                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name),
-                self._config_file
+                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name), self._config_file
             )
 
         try:
             # First check if it's file like. If it is, pyyaml can load it.
             # I'm checking type instead of catching exceptions to keep the
             # exception handling simple
-            if hasattr(config_path, 'read'):
+            if hasattr(config_path, "read"):
                 config = yaml.safe_load(config_path)
             else:
                 # If it isn't, it's a path. We have to open it first, otherwise
                 # pyyaml will try to read it as yaml
-                with open(config_path, 'rb') as config_file:
+                with open(config_path, "rb") as config_file:
                     config = yaml.safe_load(config_file)
         except EnvironmentError:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError('Couldn\'t read config at {config_path}'.format(
-                config_path=str(config_path),
-            ))
+            raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError(
+                "Couldn't read config at {config_path}".format(
+                    config_path=str(config_path),
+                )
+            )
         except yaml.YAMLError:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError('Error parsing YAML')
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError("Error parsing YAML")
 
-        if 'printer' in config:
-            self._printer_config = config['printer']
-            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop('type').title()
+        if "printer" in config:
+            self._printer_config = config["printer"]
+            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop("type").title()
 
             if not self._printer_name or not hasattr(printer, self._printer_name):
                 raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError(
@@ -98,17 +91,18 @@ class Config(object):
         self._has_loaded = True
 
     def printer(self):
-        """ Returns a printer that was defined in the config, or throws an
-        exception.
+        """Return a printer that was defined in the config.
 
-        This method loads the default config if one hasn't beeen already loaded.
+        Throw an exception on error.
+
+        This method loads the default config if one has not been already loaded.
 
         """
         if not self._has_loaded:
             self.load()
 
         if not self._printer_name:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError('printer')
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError("printer")
 
         if not self._printer:
             # We could catch init errors and make them a ConfigSyntaxError,

src/escpos/constants.py

@@ -1,139 +1,161 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """ Set of ESC/POS Commands (Constants)
 
-This module contains constants that are described in the esc/pos-documentation.
-Since there is no definitive and unified specification for all esc/pos-like printers the constants could later be
+This module contains constants that are described in the Esc/Pos-documentation.
+Since there is no definitive and unified specification for all Esc/Pos-like printers the constants could later be
 moved to `capabilities` as in `escpos-php by @mike42 <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
 
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:author: python-escpos developers
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from typing import Dict
 
 import six
 
+from .types import ConstTxtStyleClass
+
 # Control characters
-# as labelled in http://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
-NUL = b'\x00'
-EOT = b'\x04'
-ENQ = b'\x05'
-DLE = b'\x10'
-DC4 = b'\x14'
-CAN = b'\x18'
-ESC = b'\x1b'
-FS  = b'\x1c'
-GS  = b'\x1d'
+# as labelled in https://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
+NUL: bytes = b"\x00"
+EOT: bytes = b"\x04"
+ENQ: bytes = b"\x05"
+DLE: bytes = b"\x10"
+DC4: bytes = b"\x14"
+CAN: bytes = b"\x18"
+ESC: bytes = b"\x1b"
+FS: bytes = b"\x1c"
+GS: bytes = b"\x1d"
 
 # Feed control sequences
-CTL_LF = b'\n'              # Print and line feed
-CTL_FF = b'\f'              # Form feed
-CTL_CR = b'\r'              # Carriage return
-CTL_HT = b'\t'              # Horizontal tab
-CTL_SET_HT = ESC + b'\x44'  # Set horizontal tab positions
-CTL_VT = b'\v'              # Vertical tab
+CTL_LF: bytes = b"\n"  #: Print and line feed
+CTL_FF: bytes = b"\f"  #: Form feed
+CTL_CR: bytes = b"\r"  #: Carriage return
+CTL_HT: bytes = b"\t"  #: Horizontal tab
+CTL_SET_HT: bytes = ESC + b"\x44"  #: Set horizontal tab positions
+CTL_VT: bytes = b"\v"  #: Vertical tab
 
 # Printer hardware
-HW_INIT   = ESC + b'@'             # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
-HW_SELECT = ESC + b'=\x01'         # Printer select
+HW_INIT: bytes = ESC + b"@"  # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
+HW_SELECT: bytes = ESC + b"=\x01"  # Printer select
 
-HW_RESET  = ESC + b'\x3f\x0a\x00'   # Reset printer hardware
-                                    # (TODO: Where is this specified?)
+HW_RESET: bytes = ESC + b"\x3f\x0a\x00"  # Reset printer hardware
+# (TODO: Where is this specified?)
 
 # Cash Drawer (ESC p <pin> <on time: 2*ms> <off time: 2*ms>)
-_CASH_DRAWER = lambda m, t1='', t2='': ESC + b'p' + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
-CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc) + six.int2byte(p) + six.int2byte(m) + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
-CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x00', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
-CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x01', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+_CASH_DRAWER = (
+    lambda m, t1="", t2="": ESC + b"p" + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
+)
+
+#: decimal cash drawer kick sequence
+CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = (
+    lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc)
+    + six.int2byte(p)
+    + six.int2byte(m)
+    + six.int2byte(t1)
+    + six.int2byte(t2)
+)
+#: Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
+CD_KICK_2: bytes = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x00", 50, 50)
+#: Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+CD_KICK_5: bytes = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x01", 50, 50)
 
 # Paper Cutter
-_CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b'V' + m
-PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x00')  # Full cut paper
-PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x01')  # Partial cut paper
+_CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b"V" + m
+PAPER_FULL_CUT: bytes = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x00")  #: Full cut paper
+PAPER_PART_CUT: bytes = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x01")  #: Partial cut paper
 
-# Beep
-BEEP = b'\x07'
+# Beep (please note that the actual beep sequence may differ between devices)
+BEEP: bytes = b"\x07"
+
+# Internal buzzer (only supported printers)
+BUZZER: bytes = ESC + b"\x42"
 
 # Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
-_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b'c5' + six.int2byte(n)
-PANEL_BUTTON_ON = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
-PANEL_BUTTON_OFF = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
+_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b"c5" + six.int2byte(n)
+PANEL_BUTTON_ON: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
+PANEL_BUTTON_OFF: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
 
 # Line display printing
-LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN = ESC + b'\x3d\x02'
-LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR = ESC + b'\x40'
-LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE = ESC + b'\x3d\x01'
+LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN: bytes = ESC + b"\x3d\x02"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR: bytes = ESC + b"\x40"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE: bytes = ESC + b"\x3d\x01"
 
 # Sheet modes
-SHEET_SLIP_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x04'  # slip paper
-SHEET_ROLL_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x01'  # paper roll
+SHEET_SLIP_MODE: bytes = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x04"  # slip paper
+SHEET_ROLL_MODE: bytes = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x01"  # paper roll
+
+# Slip specific codes
+SLIP_EJECT: bytes = ESC + b"\x4b\xc0"  # Eject the slip or cheque
+SLIP_SELECT: bytes = FS  # Select the slip station as default station
+SLIP_SET_WAIT_TIME: bytes = (
+    ESC + b"\x1b\x66"
+)  # Set timeout waiting for a slip/cheque to be inserted
+SLIP_PRINT_AND_EJECT: bytes = (
+    b"\x0c"  # Print the buffer and eject (after waiting for the paper to be inserted)
+)
 
 # Text format
 # TODO: Acquire the "ESC/POS Application Programming Guide for Paper Roll
 #       Printers" and tidy up this stuff too.
-TXT_SIZE       = GS + b'!'
+TXT_SIZE: bytes = GS + b"!"
 
-TXT_NORMAL     = ESC + b'!\x00'     # Normal text
+TXT_NORMAL: bytes = ESC + b"!\x00"  # Normal text
 
-
-TXT_STYLE = {
-    'bold': {
-        False: ESC + b'\x45\x00',               # Bold font OFF
-        True: ESC + b'\x45\x01'                 # Bold font ON
+#: text style dictionary for :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.set`
+TXT_STYLE: ConstTxtStyleClass = {
+    "bold": {
+        False: ESC + b"\x45\x00",  # Bold font OFF
+        True: ESC + b"\x45\x01",  # Bold font ON
     },
-    'underline': {
-        0: ESC + b'\x2d\x00',                   # Underline font OFF
-        1: ESC + b'\x2d\x01',                   # Underline font 1-dot ON
-        2: ESC + b'\x2d\x02'                    # Underline font 2-dot ON
+    "underline": {
+        0: ESC + b"\x2d\x00",  # Underline font OFF
+        1: ESC + b"\x2d\x01",  # Underline font 1-dot ON
+        2: ESC + b"\x2d\x02",  # Underline font 2-dot ON
     },
-    'size': {
-        'normal': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x00',  # Normal text
-        '2h': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x10',      # Double height text
-        '2w': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x20',      # Double width text
-        '2x': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x30'       # Quad area text
+    "size": {
+        "normal": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x00",  # Normal text
+        "2h": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x10",  # Double height text
+        "2w": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x20",  # Double width text
+        "2x": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x30",  # Quad area text
     },
-    'font': {
-        'a': ESC + b'\x4d\x00',                 # Font type A
-        'b': ESC + b'\x4d\x00'                  # Font type B
+    "font": {
+        "a": ESC + b"\x4d\x00",  # Font type A
+        "b": ESC + b"\x4d\x00",  # Font type B
     },
-    'align': {
-        'left': ESC + b'\x61\x00',              # Left justification
-        'center': ESC + b'\x61\x01',            # Centering
-        'right': ESC + b'\x61\x02'              # Right justification
+    "align": {
+        "left": ESC + b"\x61\x00",  # Left justification
+        "center": ESC + b"\x61\x01",  # Centering
+        "right": ESC + b"\x61\x02",  # Right justification
     },
-    'invert': {
-        True: GS  + b'\x42\x01',                # Inverse Printing ON
-        False: GS  + b'\x42\x00'                # Inverse Printing OFF
+    "invert": {
+        True: GS + b"\x42\x01",  # Inverse Printing ON
+        False: GS + b"\x42\x00",  # Inverse Printing OFF
     },
-    'color': {
-        'black': ESC + b'\x72\x00',             # Default Color
-        'red': ESC + b'\x72\x01'                # Alternative Color, Usually Red
+    "color": {
+        "black": ESC + b"\x72\x00",  # Default Color
+        "red": ESC + b"\x72\x01",  # Alternative Color, Usually Red
     },
-    'flip': {
-        True: ESC + b'\x7b\x01',                # Flip ON
-        False: ESC + b'\x7b\x00'                # Flip OFF
+    "flip": {True: ESC + b"\x7b\x01", False: ESC + b"\x7b\x00"},  # Flip ON  # Flip OFF
+    "density": {
+        0: GS + b"\x7c\x00",  # Printing Density -50%
+        1: GS + b"\x7c\x01",  # Printing Density -37.5%
+        2: GS + b"\x7c\x02",  # Printing Density -25%
+        3: GS + b"\x7c\x03",  # Printing Density -12.5%
+        4: GS + b"\x7c\x04",  # Printing Density  0%
+        5: GS + b"\x7c\x08",  # Printing Density +50%
+        6: GS + b"\x7c\x07",  # Printing Density +37.5%
+        7: GS + b"\x7c\x06",  # Printing Density +25%
+        8: GS + b"\x7c\x05",  # Printing Density +12.5%
     },
-    'density': {
-        0: GS + b'\x7c\x00',                    # Printing Density -50%
-        1: GS + b'\x7c\x01',                    # Printing Density -37.5%
-        2: GS + b'\x7c\x02',                    # Printing Density -25%
-        3: GS + b'\x7c\x03',                    # Printing Density -12.5%
-        4: GS + b'\x7c\x04',                    # Printing Density  0%
-        5: GS + b'\x7c\x08',                    # Printing Density +50%
-        6: GS + b'\x7c\x07',                    # Printing Density +37.5%
-        7: GS + b'\x7c\x06',                    # Printing Density +25%
-        8: GS + b'\x7c\x05'                     # Printing Density +12.5%
+    "smooth": {
+        True: GS + b"\x62\x01",  # Smooth ON
+        False: GS + b"\x62\x00",  # Smooth OFF
     },
-    'smooth': {
-        True: GS + b'\x62\x01',                 # Smooth ON
-        False: GS + b'\x62\x00'                 # Smooth OFF
-    },
-    'height': {                                 # Custom text height
+    "height": {  # Custom text height
         1: 0x00,
         2: 0x01,
         3: 0x02,
@@ -141,9 +163,9 @@ TXT_STYLE = {
         5: 0x04,
         6: 0x05,
         7: 0x06,
-        8: 0x07
+        8: 0x07,
     },
-    'width': {                                  # Custom text width
+    "width": {  # Custom text width
         1: 0x00,
         2: 0x10,
         3: 0x20,
@@ -151,128 +173,135 @@ TXT_STYLE = {
         5: 0x40,
         6: 0x50,
         7: 0x60,
-        8: 0x70
-    }
+        8: 0x70,
+    },
 }
 
 # Fonts
-SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b'\x4d' + n
-TXT_FONT_A     = SET_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A
-TXT_FONT_B     = SET_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B
+SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b"\x4d" + n
+TXT_FONT_A: bytes = SET_FONT(b"\x00")  #: Font type A
+TXT_FONT_B: bytes = SET_FONT(b"\x01")  #: Font type B
 
 # Spacing
-LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b'2'
-LINESPACING_FUNCS = {
-  60: ESC + b'A',  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
-  360: ESC + b'+', # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
-  180: ESC + b'3', # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b"2"
+LINESPACING_FUNCS: Dict[int, bytes] = {
+    60: ESC + b"A",  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
+    360: ESC + b"+",  # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+    180: ESC + b"3",  # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
 }
 
-# Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
-# the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
-CODEPAGE_CHANGE = ESC + b'\x74'
+#: Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
+#: the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
+CODEPAGE_CHANGE: bytes = ESC + b"\x74"
 
 # Barcode format
-_SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b'H' + n
-BARCODE_TXT_OFF = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x00')  # HRI barcode chars OFF
-BARCODE_TXT_ABV = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x01')  # HRI barcode chars above
-BARCODE_TXT_BLW = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x02')  # HRI barcode chars below
-BARCODE_TXT_BTH = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x03')  # HRI both above and below
+_SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b"H" + n
+BARCODE_TXT_OFF: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x00")  #: HRI barcode chars OFF
+BARCODE_TXT_ABV: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x01")  #: HRI barcode chars above
+BARCODE_TXT_BLW: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x02")  #: HRI barcode chars below
+BARCODE_TXT_BTH: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x03")  #: HRI both above and below
 
-_SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b'f' + n
-BARCODE_FONT_A = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
-BARCODE_FONT_B = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
+_SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b"f" + n
+BARCODE_FONT_A: bytes = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x00")  #: Font type A for HRI barcode chars
+BARCODE_FONT_B: bytes = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x01")  #: Font type B for HRI barcode chars
 
-BARCODE_HEIGHT = GS + b'h'  # Barcode Height [1-255]
-BARCODE_WIDTH  = GS + b'w'  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
+BARCODE_HEIGHT: bytes = GS + b"h"  #: Barcode Height [1-255]
+BARCODE_WIDTH: bytes = GS + b"w"  #: Barcode Width  [2-6]
 
 # NOTE: This isn't actually an ESC/POS command. It's the common prefix to the
 #      two "print bar code" commands:
 #      -  Type A: "GS k <type as integer> <data> NUL"
 #      -  TYPE B: "GS k <type as letter> <data length> <data>"
 #      The latter command supports more barcode types
-_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b'k' + six.int2byte(m)
+_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b"k" + six.int2byte(m)
 
-# Barcodes for printing function type A
-BARCODE_TYPE_A = {
-    'UPC-A':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
-    'UPC-E':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
-    'EAN13':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
-    'EAN8':    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(3),
-    'CODE39':  _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(4),
-    'ITF':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(5),
-    'NW7':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),
-    'CODABAR': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
+#: Barcodes for printing function type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_A: Dict[str, bytes] = {
+    "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
+    "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
+    "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
+    "EAN8": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(3),
+    "CODE39": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(4),
+    "ITF": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(5),
+    "NW7": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),
+    "CODABAR": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
 }
 
-# Barcodes for printing function type B
-# The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
-BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
-    'UPC-A':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
-    'UPC-E':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
-    'EAN13':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
-    'EAN8':                        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(68),
-    'CODE39':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(69),
-    'ITF':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(70),
-    'NW7':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
-    'CODABAR':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
-    'CODE93':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
-    'CODE128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73),
-    'GS1-128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
-    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
-    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
-    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(77),
-    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
+#: Barcodes for printing function type B
+#: The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_B: Dict[str, bytes] = {
+    "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
+    "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
+    "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
+    "EAN8": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(68),
+    "CODE39": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(69),
+    "ITF": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(70),
+    "NW7": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
+    "CODABAR": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
+    "CODE93": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
+    "CODE128": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73),
+    "GS1-128": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
+    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
+    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
+    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(77),
+    "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
 }
 
+#: supported barcode formats
 BARCODE_FORMATS = {
-    'UPC-A':                       ([(11, 12)], "^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
-    'UPC-E':                       ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], "^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
-    'EAN13':                       ([(12, 13)], "^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
-    'EAN8':                        ([(7, 8)], "^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
-    'CODE39':                      ([(1, 255)], "^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
-    'ITF':                         ([(2, 255)], "^([0-9]{2})+$"),
-    'NW7':                         ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
-    'CODABAR':                     ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
-    'CODE93':                      ([(1, 255)], "^[\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
-    'CODE128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
-    'GS1-128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"), # same as CODE128
-    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),
-    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"), # same as GS1 omnidirectional
-    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         ([(13,13)], "^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
-    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        ([(2,255)], "^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$"),
+    "UPC-A": ([(11, 12)], r"^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
+    "UPC-E": ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], r"^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
+    "EAN13": ([(12, 13)], r"^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
+    "EAN8": ([(7, 8)], r"^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
+    "CODE39": ([(1, 255)], r"^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
+    "ITF": ([(2, 255)], r"^([0-9]{2})+$"),
+    "NW7": ([(1, 255)], r"^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
+    "CODABAR": ([(1, 255)], r"^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
+    "CODE93": ([(1, 255)], r"^[\x00-\x7F]+$"),
+    "CODE128": ([(2, 255)], r"^\{[A-C][\x00-\x7F]+$"),
+    "GS1-128": ([(2, 255)], r"^\{[A-C][\x00-\x7F]+$"),  # same as CODE128
+    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": ([(13, 13)], r"^[0-9]{13}$"),
+    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": (
+        [(13, 13)],
+        r"^[0-9]{13}$",
+    ),  # same as GS1 omnidirectional
+    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": ([(13, 13)], r"^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
+    "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": (
+        [(2, 255)],
+        r"^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$",
+    ),
 }
 
-BARCODE_TYPES = {
-    'A': BARCODE_TYPE_A,
-    'B': BARCODE_TYPE_B,
+BARCODE_TYPES: Dict[str, Dict[str, bytes]] = {
+    "A": BARCODE_TYPE_A,
+    "B": BARCODE_TYPE_B,
 }
 
 # QRCode error correction levels
-QR_ECLEVEL_L = 0
-QR_ECLEVEL_M = 1
-QR_ECLEVEL_Q = 2
-QR_ECLEVEL_H = 3
+QR_ECLEVEL_L: int = 0
+QR_ECLEVEL_M: int = 1
+QR_ECLEVEL_Q: int = 2
+QR_ECLEVEL_H: int = 3
 
 # QRcode models
-QR_MODEL_1 = 1
-QR_MODEL_2 = 2
-QR_MICRO = 3
+QR_MODEL_1: int = 1
+QR_MODEL_2: int = 2
+QR_MICRO: int = 3
 
 # Image format
 # NOTE: _PRINT_RASTER_IMG is the obsolete ESC/POS "print raster bit image"
 #       command. The constants include a fragment of the data's header.
-_PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b'v0' + data
-S_RASTER_N  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x00')  # Set raster image normal size
-S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x01')  # Set raster image double width
-S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x02')  # Set raster image double height
-S_RASTER_Q  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x03')  # Set raster image quadruple
+_PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b"v0" + data
+S_RASTER_N: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x00")  # Set raster image normal size
+S_RASTER_2W: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x01")  # Set raster image double width
+S_RASTER_2H: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x02")  # Set raster image double height
+S_RASTER_Q: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x03")  # Set raster image quadruple
 
 # Status Command
-RT_STATUS = DLE + EOT
-RT_STATUS_ONLINE = RT_STATUS +  b'\x01'
-RT_STATUS_PAPER = RT_STATUS +  b'\x04'
-RT_MASK_ONLINE = 8
-RT_MASK_PAPER = 18
-RT_MASK_LOWPAPER = 30
-RT_MASK_NOPAPER = 114
+RT_STATUS: bytes = DLE + EOT
+RT_STATUS_ONLINE: bytes = RT_STATUS + b"\x01"
+RT_STATUS_PAPER: bytes = RT_STATUS + b"\x04"
+RT_MASK_ONLINE: int = 8
+RT_MASK_PAPER: int = 18
+RT_MASK_LOWPAPER: int = 30
+RT_MASK_NOPAPER: int = 114

src/escpos/exceptions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" ESC/POS Exceptions classes
+"""ESC/POS Exceptions classes.
 
 Result/Exit codes:
 
@@ -13,27 +13,32 @@ Result/Exit codes:
     - `60` = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
     - `70` = Invalid number of tab positions :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
     - `80` = Invalid char code :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError`
-    - `90` = USB device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
+    - `90` = Device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+    - `91` = USB device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
     - `100` = Set variable out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.SetVariableError`
     - `200` = Configuration not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError`
     - `210` = Configuration syntax error :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError`
     - `220` = Configuration section not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError`
 
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:author: python-escpos developers
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 
 class Error(Exception):
-    """ Base class for ESC/POS errors """
+    """Base class for ESC/POS errors.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.Error
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
     def __init__(self, msg, status=None):
+        """Initialize Error object."""
         Exception.__init__(self)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 1
@@ -41,218 +46,378 @@ class Error(Exception):
             self.resultcode = status
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of Error."""
         return self.msg
 
 
 class BarcodeTypeError(Error):
-    """ No Barcode type defined.
+    """No Barcode type defined.
 
     This exception indicates that no known barcode-type has been entered. The barcode-type has to be
     one of those specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
     The returned error code is `10`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize BarcodeTypeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 10
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeTypeError."""
         return "No Barcode type is defined ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
-    """ Barcode size is out of range.
+    """Barcode size is out of range.
 
     This exception indicates that the values for the barcode size are out of range.
     The size of the barcode has to be in the range that is specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
-    The resulting returncode is `20`.
+    The resulting return code is `20`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize BarcodeSizeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 20
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeSizeError."""
         return "Barcode size is out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
-    """ No Barcode code was supplied, or it is incorrect.
+    """No Barcode code was supplied, or it is incorrect.
 
     No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode` or the the `check` parameter
     was True and the check failed.
-    The returncode for this exception is `30`.
+    The return code for this exception is `30`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize BarcodeCodeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 30
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeCodeError."""
         return "No Barcode code was supplied ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class ImageSizeError(Error):
-    """ Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed.
+    """Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed.
+
+    The return code for this exception is `40`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ImageSizeError
+        :parts: 1
 
-    The returncode for this exception is `40`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize ImageSizeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 40
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+        """Return string representation of ImageSizeError."""
+        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
 
 
 class ImageWidthError(Error):
-    """ Image width is too large.
+    """Image width is too large.
 
     The return code for this exception is `41`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ImageWidthError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize ImageWidthError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 41
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of ImageWidthError."""
         return "Image width is too large ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class TextError(Error):
-    """ Text string must be supplied to the `text()` method.
+    """Text string must be supplied to the `text()` method.
 
     This exception is raised when an empty string is passed to :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.text`.
-    The returncode for this exception is `50`.
+    The return code for this exception is `50`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.TextError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize TextError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 50
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+        """Return string representation of TextError."""
+        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
 
 
 class CashDrawerError(Error):
-    """ Valid pin must be set in order to send pulse.
+    """Valid pin must be set in order to send pulse.
 
     A valid pin number has to be passed onto the method :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.cashdraw`.
-    The returncode for this exception is `60`.
+    The return code for this exception is `60`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize CashDrawerError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 60
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of CashDrawerError."""
         return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class TabPosError(Error):
-    """ Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
+    """Tab position is invalid.
+
+    Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
     Both values multiplied must not exceed 255, since it is the maximum tab value.
 
     This exception is raised by :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.control`.
-    The returncode for this exception is `70`.
+    The return code for this exception is `70`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.TabPosError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize TabPosError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 70
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+        """Return string representation of TabPosError."""
+        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
 
 
 class CharCodeError(Error):
-    """ Valid char code must be set.
+    """Valid char code must be set.
 
     The supplied charcode-name in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.charcode` is unknown.
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `80`.
+    The return code for this exception is `80`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize CharCodeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 80
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of CharCodeError."""
         return "Valid char code must be set ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
-class USBNotFoundError(Error):
-    """ Device wasn't found (probably not plugged in)
+class DeviceNotFoundError(Error):
+    """Device was not found.
+
+    The device seems to be not accessible.
+    The return code for this exception is `90`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.Error
+        :parts: 1
 
-    The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `90`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize DeviceNotFoundError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 90
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "USB device not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+        """Return string representation of DeviceNotFoundError."""
+        return f"Device not found ({self.msg})"
+
+
+class USBNotFoundError(DeviceNotFoundError):
+    """USB device was not found (probably not plugged in).
+
+    The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
+    The return code for this exception is `91`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize USBNotFoundError object."""
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 91
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of USBNotFoundError."""
+        return f"USB device not found ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class SetVariableError(Error):
-    """ A set method variable was out of range
+    """A set method variable was out of range.
 
     Check set variables against minimum and maximum values
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `100`.
+    The return code for this exception is `100`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.SetVariableError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize SetVariableError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 100
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of SetVariableError."""
         return "Set variable out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 # Configuration errors
 
+
 class ConfigNotFoundError(Error):
-    """ The configuration file was not found
+    """The configuration file was not found.
 
     The default or passed configuration file could not be read
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `200`.
+    The return code for this exception is `200`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize ConfigNotFoundError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 200
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of ConfigNotFoundError."""
         return "Configuration not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class ConfigSyntaxError(Error):
-    """ The configuration file is invalid
+    """The configuration file is invalid.
 
     The syntax is incorrect
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `210`.
+    The return code for this exception is `210`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize ConfigSyntaxError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 210
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of ConfigSyntaxError."""
         return "Configuration syntax is invalid ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class ConfigSectionMissingError(Error):
-    """ The configuration file is missing a section
+    """The configuration file is missing a section.
+
+    The part of the config asked for does not exist in the loaded configuration
+    The return code for this exception is `220`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError
+        :parts: 1
 
-    The part of the config asked for doesn't exist in the loaded configuration
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `220`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initialize ConfigSectionMissingError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 220
 
     def __str__(self):
+        """Return string representation of ConfigSectionMissingError."""
         return "Configuration section is missing ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)

src/escpos/image.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-""" Image format handling class
+"""Image format handling class.
 
 This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 
@@ -8,12 +8,9 @@ This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import math
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageOps
 
 
@@ -26,8 +23,7 @@ class EscposImage(object):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, img_source):
-        """
-        Load in an image
+        """Load in an image.
 
         :param img_source: PIL.Image, or filename to load one from.
         """
@@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ class EscposImage(object):
 
         # Convert to white RGB background, paste over white background
         # to strip alpha.
-        img_original = img_original.convert('RGBA')
+        img_original = img_original.convert("RGBA")
         im = Image.new("RGB", img_original.size, (255, 255, 255))
         im.paste(img_original, mask=img_original.split()[3])
         # Convert down to greyscale
@@ -53,30 +49,23 @@ class EscposImage(object):
 
     @property
     def width(self):
-        """
-        Width of image in pixels
-        """
+        """Return width of image in pixels."""
         width_pixels, _ = self._im.size
         return width_pixels
 
     @property
     def width_bytes(self):
-        """
-        Width of image if you use 8 pixels per byte and 0-pad at the end.
-        """
+        """Return width of image if you use 8 pixels per byte and 0-pad at the end."""
         return (self.width + 7) >> 3
 
     @property
     def height(self):
-        """
-        Height of image in pixels
-        """
+        """Height of image in pixels."""
         _, height_pixels = self._im.size
         return height_pixels
 
     def to_column_format(self, high_density_vertical=True):
-        """
-        Extract slices of an image as equal-sized blobs of column-format data.
+        """Extract slices of an image as equal-sized blobs of column-format data.
 
         :param high_density_vertical: Printed line height in dots
         """
@@ -89,23 +78,20 @@ class EscposImage(object):
             box = (left, top, left + line_height, top + height_pixels)
             im_slice = im.transform((line_height, height_pixels), Image.EXTENT, box)
             im_bytes = im_slice.tobytes()
-            yield(im_bytes)
+            yield (im_bytes)
             left += line_height
 
     def to_raster_format(self):
-        """
-        Convert image to raster-format binary
-        """
+        """Convert image to raster-format binary."""
         return self._im.tobytes()
 
     def split(self, fragment_height):
-        """
-        Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels
+        """Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels.
 
         :param fragment_height: height of fragment
         :return: list of PIL objects
         """
-        passes = int(math.ceil(self.height/fragment_height))
+        passes = int(math.ceil(self.height / fragment_height))
         fragments = []
         for n in range(0, passes):
             left = 0
@@ -117,7 +103,7 @@ class EscposImage(object):
         return fragments
 
     def center(self, max_width):
-        """In-place image centering
+        """Center image in place.
 
         :param: Maximum width in order to deduce x offset for centering
         :return: None

src/escpos/katakana.py

@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@
 I doubt that this currently works correctly.
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 
 try:
     import jaconv
@@ -39,69 +34,68 @@ def encode_katakana(text):
 TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP = {
     # Maps UTF-8 Katakana symbols to KATAKANA Page Codes
     # TODO: has this really to be hardcoded?
-
     # Half-Width Katakanas
-    '｡': b'\xa1',
-    '｢': b'\xa2',
-    '｣': b'\xa3',
-    '､': b'\xa4',
-    '･': b'\xa5',
-    'ｦ': b'\xa6',
-    'ｧ': b'\xa7',
-    'ｨ': b'\xa8',
-    'ｩ': b'\xa9',
-    'ｪ': b'\xaa',
-    'ｫ': b'\xab',
-    'ｬ': b'\xac',
-    'ｭ': b'\xad',
-    'ｮ': b'\xae',
-    'ｯ': b'\xaf',
-    'ｰ': b'\xb0',
-    'ｱ': b'\xb1',
-    'ｲ': b'\xb2',
-    'ｳ': b'\xb3',
-    'ｴ': b'\xb4',
-    'ｵ': b'\xb5',
-    'ｶ': b'\xb6',
-    'ｷ': b'\xb7',
-    'ｸ': b'\xb8',
-    'ｹ': b'\xb9',
-    'ｺ': b'\xba',
-    'ｻ': b'\xbb',
-    'ｼ': b'\xbc',
-    'ｽ': b'\xbd',
-    'ｾ': b'\xbe',
-    'ｿ': b'\xbf',
-    'ﾀ': b'\xc0',
-    'ﾁ': b'\xc1',
-    'ﾂ': b'\xc2',
-    'ﾃ': b'\xc3',
-    'ﾄ': b'\xc4',
-    'ﾅ': b'\xc5',
-    'ﾆ': b'\xc6',
-    'ﾇ': b'\xc7',
-    'ﾈ': b'\xc8',
-    'ﾉ': b'\xc9',
-    'ﾊ': b'\xca',
-    'ﾋ': b'\xcb',
-    'ﾌ': b'\xcc',
-    'ﾍ': b'\xcd',
-    'ﾎ': b'\xce',
-    'ﾏ': b'\xcf',
-    'ﾐ': b'\xd0',
-    'ﾑ': b'\xd1',
-    'ﾒ': b'\xd2',
-    'ﾓ': b'\xd3',
-    'ﾔ': b'\xd4',
-    'ﾕ': b'\xd5',
-    'ﾖ': b'\xd6',
-    'ﾗ': b'\xd7',
-    'ﾘ': b'\xd8',
-    'ﾙ': b'\xd9',
-    'ﾚ': b'\xda',
-    'ﾛ': b'\xdb',
-    'ﾜ': b'\xdc',
-    'ﾝ': b'\xdd',
-    'ﾞ': b'\xde',
-    'ﾟ': b'\xdf',
+    "｡": b"\xa1",
+    "｢": b"\xa2",
+    "｣": b"\xa3",
+    "､": b"\xa4",
+    "･": b"\xa5",
+    "ｦ": b"\xa6",
+    "ｧ": b"\xa7",
+    "ｨ": b"\xa8",
+    "ｩ": b"\xa9",
+    "ｪ": b"\xaa",
+    "ｫ": b"\xab",
+    "ｬ": b"\xac",
+    "ｭ": b"\xad",
+    "ｮ": b"\xae",
+    "ｯ": b"\xaf",
+    "ｰ": b"\xb0",
+    "ｱ": b"\xb1",
+    "ｲ": b"\xb2",
+    "ｳ": b"\xb3",
+    "ｴ": b"\xb4",
+    "ｵ": b"\xb5",
+    "ｶ": b"\xb6",
+    "ｷ": b"\xb7",
+    "ｸ": b"\xb8",
+    "ｹ": b"\xb9",
+    "ｺ": b"\xba",
+    "ｻ": b"\xbb",
+    "ｼ": b"\xbc",
+    "ｽ": b"\xbd",
+    "ｾ": b"\xbe",
+    "ｿ": b"\xbf",
+    "ﾀ": b"\xc0",
+    "ﾁ": b"\xc1",
+    "ﾂ": b"\xc2",
+    "ﾃ": b"\xc3",
+    "ﾄ": b"\xc4",
+    "ﾅ": b"\xc5",
+    "ﾆ": b"\xc6",
+    "ﾇ": b"\xc7",
+    "ﾈ": b"\xc8",
+    "ﾉ": b"\xc9",
+    "ﾊ": b"\xca",
+    "ﾋ": b"\xcb",
+    "ﾌ": b"\xcc",
+    "ﾍ": b"\xcd",
+    "ﾎ": b"\xce",
+    "ﾏ": b"\xcf",
+    "ﾐ": b"\xd0",
+    "ﾑ": b"\xd1",
+    "ﾒ": b"\xd2",
+    "ﾓ": b"\xd3",
+    "ﾔ": b"\xd4",
+    "ﾕ": b"\xd5",
+    "ﾖ": b"\xd6",
+    "ﾗ": b"\xd7",
+    "ﾘ": b"\xd8",
+    "ﾙ": b"\xd9",
+    "ﾚ": b"\xda",
+    "ﾛ": b"\xdb",
+    "ﾜ": b"\xdc",
+    "ﾝ": b"\xdd",
+    "ﾞ": b"\xde",
+    "ﾟ": b"\xdf",
 }

src/escpos/magicencode.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" Magic Encode
+"""Magic Encode.
 
 This module tries to convert an UTF-8 string to an encoded string for the printer.
 It uses trial and error in order to guess the right codepage.
@@ -12,78 +12,78 @@ The code is based on the encoding-code in py-xml-escpos by @fvdsn.
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import re
 from builtins import bytes
+
+import six
+
+from .codepages import CodePages
 from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
 from .exceptions import Error
-from .codepages import CodePages
-import six
 
 
 class Encoder(object):
-    """Takes a list of available code spaces. Picks the right one for a
-    given character.
+    """Take available code spaces and pick the right one for a given character.
 
     Note: To determine the code page, it needs to do the conversion, and
     thus already knows what the final byte in the target encoding would
-    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class doesn't return the byte.
+    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class does not return the byte.
 
     The caller use to do the character conversion itself.
-
-        $ python -m timeit -s "{u'ö':'a'}.get(u'ö')"
-        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0133 usec per loop
-
-        $ python -m timeit -s "u'ö'.encode('latin1')"
-        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0141 usec per loop
     """
 
     def __init__(self, codepage_map):
+        """Initialize encoder."""
         self.codepages = codepage_map
         self.available_encodings = set(codepage_map.keys())
         self.available_characters = {}
         self.used_encodings = set()
 
     def get_sequence(self, encoding):
+        """Get a sequence."""
         return int(self.codepages[encoding])
 
     def get_encoding_name(self, encoding):
-        """Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
+        """Return a canonical encoding name.
+
+        Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
         canonical encoding name; and also validate that the encoding
         is supported.
 
-        TODO: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
+        .. todo:: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
         """
         encoding = CodePages.get_encoding_name(encoding)
         if encoding not in self.codepages:
-            raise ValueError((
-                'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
-                'Valid encodings are: {}'
-                ).format(encoding, ','.join(self.codepages.keys())))
+            raise ValueError(
+                (
+                    'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
+                    "Valid encodings are: {}"
+                ).format(encoding, ",".join(self.codepages.keys()))
+            )
         return encoding
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_codepage_char_list(encoding):
-        """Get codepage character list
+        """Get codepage character list.
 
         Gets characters 128-255 for a given code page, as an array.
 
         :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the CodePage list
         """
         codepage = CodePages.get_encoding(encoding)
-        if 'data' in codepage:
-            encodable_chars = list("".join(codepage['data']))
-            assert(len(encodable_chars) == 128)
+        if "data" in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = list("".join(codepage["data"]))
+            assert len(encodable_chars) == 128
             return encodable_chars
-        elif 'python_encode' in codepage:
-            encodable_chars = [u" "] * 128
+        elif "python_encode" in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = [" "] * 128
             for i in range(0, 128):
                 codepoint = i + 128
                 try:
-                    encodable_chars[i] = bytes([codepoint]).decode(codepage['python_encode'])
+                    encodable_chars[i] = bytes([codepoint]).decode(
+                        codepage["python_encode"]
+                    )
                 except UnicodeDecodeError:
                     # Non-encodable character, just skip it
                     pass
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
         raise LookupError("Can't find a known encoding for {}".format(encoding))
 
     def _get_codepage_char_map(self, encoding):
-        """ Get codepage character map
+        """Get codepage character map.
 
         Process an encoding and return a map of UTF-characters to code points
         in this encoding.
@@ -104,12 +104,14 @@ class Encoder(object):
         if encoding in self.available_characters:
             return self.available_characters[encoding]
         codepage_char_list = self._get_codepage_char_list(encoding)
-        codepage_char_map = dict((utf8, i + 128) for (i, utf8) in enumerate(codepage_char_list))
+        codepage_char_map = dict(
+            (utf8, i + 128) for (i, utf8) in enumerate(codepage_char_list)
+        )
         self.available_characters[encoding] = codepage_char_map
         return codepage_char_map
 
     def can_encode(self, encoding, char):
-        """Determine if a character is encodeable in the given code page.
+        """Determine if a character is encodable in the given code page.
 
         :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
         :param char: The character to attempt to encode.
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _encode_char(char, charmap, defaultchar):
-        """ Encode a single character with the given encoding map
+        """Encode a single character with the given encoding map.
 
         :param char: char to encode
         :param charmap: dictionary for mapping characters in this code page
@@ -138,31 +140,33 @@ class Encoder(object):
             return charmap[char]
         return ord(defaultchar)
 
-    def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar='?'):
-        """ Encode text under the given encoding
+    def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar="?"):
+        """Encode text under the given encoding.
 
         :param text: Text to encode
         :param encoding: Encoding name to use (must be defined in capabilities)
         :param defaultchar: Fallback for non-encodable characters
         """
         codepage_char_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
-        output_bytes = bytes([self._encode_char(char, codepage_char_map, defaultchar) for char in text])
+        output_bytes = bytes(
+            [self._encode_char(char, codepage_char_map, defaultchar) for char in text]
+        )
         return output_bytes
 
     def __encoding_sort_func(self, item):
         key, index = item
-        return (
-            key in self.used_encodings,
-            index
-        )
+        used = key in self.used_encodings
+        return (not used, index)
 
     def find_suitable_encoding(self, char):
-        """The order of our search is a specific one:
+        """Search in a specific order for a suitable encoding.
+
+        It is the following order:
 
         1. code pages that we already tried before; there is a good
            chance they might work again, reducing the search space,
            and by re-using already used encodings we might also
-           reduce the number of codepage change instructiosn we have
+           reduce the number of codepage change instruction we have
            to send. Still, any performance gains will presumably be
            fairly minor.
 
@@ -172,9 +176,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
            that the code page we pick for this character is actually
            supported.
         """
-        sorted_encodings = sorted(
-            self.codepages.items(),
-            key=self.__encoding_sort_func)
+        sorted_encodings = sorted(self.codepages.items(), key=self.__encoding_sort_func)
 
         for encoding, _ in sorted_encodings:
             if self.can_encode(encoding, char):
@@ -184,7 +186,9 @@ class Encoder(object):
 
 
 def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
-    """Splits off as many characters from the begnning of text as
+    """Split up the writable text.
+
+    Splits off as many characters from the beginning of text as
     are writable with "encoding". Returns a 2-tuple (writable, rest).
     """
     if not encoding:
@@ -199,7 +203,9 @@ def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
 
 
 class MagicEncode(object):
-    """A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
+    """Help switching to the right code page.
+
+    A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
     code page to encode any given Unicode character.
 
     This will consider the printers supported codepages, according
@@ -209,9 +215,11 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
     If the printer does not support a suitable code page, it can
     insert an error character.
     """
-    def __init__(self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False,
-                 defaultsymbol='?', encoder=None):
-        """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False, defaultsymbol="?", encoder=None
+    ):
+        """Initialize magic encode.
 
         :param driver:
         :param encoding: If you know the current encoding of the printer
@@ -223,7 +231,7 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
         :param encoder:
         """
         if disabled and not encoding:
-            raise Error('If you disable magic encode, you need to define an encoding!')
+            raise Error("If you disable magic encode, you need to define an encoding!")
 
         self.driver = driver
         self.encoder = encoder or Encoder(driver.profile.get_code_pages())
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
         self.disabled = disabled
 
     def force_encoding(self, encoding):
-        """Sets a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
+        """Set a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
 
         From now one, this buffer will switch the code page anymore.
         However, it will still keep track of the current code page.
@@ -245,13 +253,15 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
             self.disabled = True
 
     def write(self, text):
-        """Write the text, automatically switching encodings.
-        """
-
+        """Write the text, automatically switching encodings."""
         if self.disabled:
             self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, text)
             return
 
+        if re.findall(r"[\u4e00-\u9fa5]", text):
+            self.driver._raw(text.encode("GB18030"))
+            return
+
         # See how far we can go into the text with the current encoding
         to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, self.encoding)
         if to_write:
@@ -272,25 +282,30 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
                 self.write_with_encoding(encoding, to_write)
 
     def _handle_character_failed(self, char):
-        """Called when no codepage was found to render a character.
+        """Write a default symbol.
+
+        Called when no codepage was found to render a character.
         """
         # Writing the default symbol via write() allows us to avoid
         # unnecesary codepage switches.
         self.write(self.defaultsymbol)
 
     def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
+        """Write the text and inject necessary codepage switches."""
         if text is not None and type(text) is not six.text_type:
-            raise Error("The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.".format(
-                type=type(text)
-            ))
+            raise Error(
+                "The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.".format(
+                    type=type(text)
+                )
+            )
 
         # We always know the current code page; if the new codepage
         # is different, emit a change command.
         if encoding != self.encoding:
             self.encoding = encoding
             self.driver._raw(
-                CODEPAGE_CHANGE +
-                six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding)))
+                CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding))
+            )
 
         if text:
             self.driver._raw(self.encoder.encode(text, encoding))

src/escpos/printer.py

@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Escpos`.
-
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
-:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: MIT
-"""
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
-
-import serial
-import socket
-import usb.core
-import usb.util
-
-from .escpos import Escpos
-from .exceptions import USBNotFoundError
-
-
-class Usb(Escpos):
-    """ USB printer
-
-    This class describes a printer that natively speaks USB.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Usb
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, usb_args=None, timeout=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01,
-                 *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: N803
-        """
-        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
-        :param idProduct: Product ID
-        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
-        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
-        :param in_ep: Input end point
-        :param out_ep: Output end point
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.in_ep = in_ep
-        self.out_ep = out_ep
-
-        usb_args = usb_args or {}
-        if idVendor:
-            usb_args['idVendor'] = idVendor
-        if idProduct:
-            usb_args['idProduct'] = idProduct
-        self.open(usb_args)
-
-    def open(self, usb_args):
-        """ Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
-
-        :param usb_args: USB arguments
-        """
-        self.device = usb.core.find(**usb_args)
-        if self.device is None:
-            raise USBNotFoundError("Device not found or cable not plugged in.")
-
-        self.idVendor = self.device.idVendor
-        self.idProduct = self.device.idProduct
-
-        # pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
-        # only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
-        # and detach_kernel_driver().
-        # This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
-        if self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
-            check_driver = None
-
-            try:
-                check_driver = self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0)
-            except NotImplementedError:
-                pass
-
-            if check_driver is None or check_driver:
-                try:
-                    self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
-                except NotImplementedError:
-                    pass
-                except usb.core.USBError as e:
-                    if check_driver is not None:
-                        print("Could not detatch kernel driver: {0}".format(str(e)))
-
-        try:
-            self.device.set_configuration()
-            self.device.reset()
-        except usb.core.USBError as e:
-            print("Could not set configuration: {0}".format(str(e)))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
-        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """ Release USB interface """
-        if self.device:
-            usb.util.dispose_resources(self.device)
-        self.device = None
-
-
-class Serial(Escpos):
-    """ Serial printer
-
-    This class describes a printer that is connected by serial interface.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Serial
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/ttyS0", baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, timeout=1,
-                 parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
-                 xonxoff=False, dsrdtr=True, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-
-        :param devfile:  Device file under dev filesystem
-        :param baudrate: Baud rate for serial transmission
-        :param bytesize: Serial buffer size
-        :param timeout:  Read/Write timeout
-        :param parity:   Parity checking
-        :param stopbits: Number of stop bits
-        :param xonxoff:  Software flow control
-        :param dsrdtr:   Hardware flow control (False to enable RTS/CTS)
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.devfile = devfile
-        self.baudrate = baudrate
-        self.bytesize = bytesize
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.parity = parity
-        self.stopbits = stopbits
-        self.xonxoff = xonxoff
-        self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr
-
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Setup serial port and set is as escpos device """
-        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
-            self.close()
-        self.device = serial.Serial(port=self.devfile, baudrate=self.baudrate,
-                                    bytesize=self.bytesize, parity=self.parity,
-                                    stopbits=self.stopbits, timeout=self.timeout,
-                                    xonxoff=self.xonxoff, dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr)
-
-        if self.device is not None:
-            print("Serial printer enabled")
-        else:
-            print("Unable to open serial printer on: {0}".format(str(self.devfile)))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(msg)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
-        return self.device.read(16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """ Close Serial interface """
-        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
-            self.device.flush()
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class Network(Escpos):
-    """ Network printer
-
-    This class is used to attach to a networked printer. You can also use this in order to attach to a printer that
-    is forwarded with ``socat``.
-
-    If you have a local printer on parallel port ``/dev/usb/lp0`` then you could start ``socat`` with:
-
-    .. code-block:: none
-
-        socat -u TCP4-LISTEN:4242,reuseaddr,fork OPEN:/dev/usb/lp0
-
-    Then you should be able to attach to port ``4242`` with this class.
-    Otherwise the normal usecase would be to have a printer with ethernet interface. This type of printer should
-    work the same with this class. For the address of the printer check its manuals.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Network
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, host, port=9100, timeout=60, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-
-        :param host:    Printer's hostname or IP address
-        :param port:    Port to write to
-        :param timeout: timeout in seconds for the socket-library
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Open TCP socket with ``socket``-library and set it as escpos device """
-        self.device = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        self.device.settimeout(self.timeout)
-        self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print("Could not open socket for {0}".format(self.host))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.sendall(msg)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """ Read data from the TCP socket """
-
-        return self.device.recv(16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """ Close TCP connection """
-        if self.device is not None:
-            self.device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class File(Escpos):
-    """ Generic file printer
-
-    This class is used for parallel port printer or other printers that are directly attached to the filesystem.
-    Note that you should stay away from using USB-to-Parallel-Adapter since they are unreliable
-    and produce arbitrary errors.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.File
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", auto_flush=True, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-
-        :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
-        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.devfile = devfile
-        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Open system file """
-        self.device = open(self.devfile, "wb")
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print("Could not open the specified file {0}".format(self.devfile))
-
-    def flush(self):
-        """ Flush printing content """
-        self.device.flush()
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(msg)
-        if self.auto_flush:
-            self.flush()
-
-    def close(self):
-        """ Close system file """
-        if self.device is not None:
-            self.device.flush()
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class Dummy(Escpos):
-    """ Dummy printer
-
-    This class is used for saving commands to a variable, for use in situations where
-    there is no need to send commands to an actual printer. This includes
-    generating print jobs for later use, or testing output.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Dummy
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self._output_list = []
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self._output_list.append(msg)
-
-    @property
-    def output(self):
-        """ Get the data that was sent to this printer """
-        return b''.join(self._output_list)
-
-    def clear(self):
-        """ Clear the buffer of the printer
-
-        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
-        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
-        """
-        del self._output_list[:]
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-
-_WIN32PRINT = False
-try:
-    import win32print
-
-    _WIN32PRINT = True
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-if _WIN32PRINT:
-    class Win32Raw(Escpos):
-        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
-            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            if printer_name is not None:
-                self.printer_name = printer_name
-            else:
-                self.printer_name = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
-            self.hPrinter = None
-
-        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
-            if self.printer_name is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer not found")
-            self.hPrinter = win32print.OpenPrinter(self.printer_name)
-            self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(self.hPrinter, 1, (job_name, None, "RAW"))
-            win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-
-        def close(self):
-            if not self.hPrinter:
-                return
-            win32print.EndPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            win32print.EndDocPrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            win32print.ClosePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            self.hPrinter = None
-
-        def _raw(self, msg):
-            """ Print any command sent in raw format
-
-            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-            :type msg: bytes
-            """
-            if self.printer_name is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer not found")
-            if self.hPrinter is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer job not opened")
-            win32print.WritePrinter(self.hPrinter, msg)

src/escpos/printer/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""printer implementations."""
+
+from .cups import CupsPrinter
+from .dummy import Dummy
+from .file import File
+from .lp import LP
+from .network import Network
+from .serial import Serial
+from .usb import Usb
+from .win32raw import Win32Raw
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Usb",
+    "File",
+    "Network",
+    "Serial",
+    "LP",
+    "Dummy",
+    "CupsPrinter",
+    "Win32Raw",
+]

src/escpos/printer/cups.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the CupsPrinter printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import tempfile
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the pycups dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.CupsPrinter`)
+_DEP_PYCUPS = False
+
+try:
+    import cups
+
+    _DEP_PYCUPS = True
+    # Store server defaults before further configuration
+    DEFAULT_HOST = cups.getServer()
+    DEFAULT_PORT = cups.getPort()
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: dev build mode that let's the wrapper bypass?
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_PYCUPS:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_pycups(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on pycups."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if pycups is not imported."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with PyCups requires the pycups library to"
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on"
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for pycups."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class CupsPrinter(Escpos):
+    """Simple CUPS printer connector.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Requires ``pycups`` which in turn needs the cups development library package:
+            - Ubuntu/Debian: ``libcups2-dev``
+            - OpenSuse/Fedora: ``cups-devel``
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.CupsPrinter
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_pycups
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs):
+        """Class constructor for CupsPrinter.
+
+        :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+        :param host: CUPS server host/ip (Optional)
+        :type host: str
+        :param port: CUPS server port (Optional)
+        :type port: int
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host, self.port = args or (
+            kwargs.get("host", DEFAULT_HOST),
+            kwargs.get("port", DEFAULT_PORT),
+        )
+        self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.job_name = ""
+        self.pending_job = False
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False], Literal[None], Type[cups.Connection]
+        ] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available CUPS printers."""
+        if self.device:
+            return self.device.getPrinters()
+        return {}
+
+    def open(
+        self, job_name: str = "python-escpos", raise_not_found: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set up a new print job and target the printer.
+
+        A call to this method is required to send new jobs to
+        the CUPS connection after close.
+
+        Defaults to default CUPS printer.
+        Creates a new temporary file buffer.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        cups.setServer(self.host)
+        cups.setPort(self.port)
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        if self.tmpfile.closed:
+            self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[Type[cups.Connection]] = cups.Connection()
+            if self.device:
+                # Name validation, set default if no given name
+                self.printer_name = self.printer_name or self.device.getDefault()
+                assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+        except (RuntimeError, AssertionError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error(
+                    "CupsPrinter printing %s not available", self.printer_name
+                )
+                return
+        logging.info("CupsPrinter printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Append any command sent in raw format to temporary file.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.pending_job = True
+        try:
+            self.tmpfile.write(msg)
+        except TypeError:
+            self.pending_job = False
+            raise TypeError("Bytes required. Printer job not opened")
+
+    def send(self):
+        """Send the print job to the printer."""
+        if self.pending_job:
+            # Rewind tempfile
+            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
+            # Print temporary file via CUPS printer.
+            self.device.printFile(
+                self.printer_name,
+                self.tmpfile.name,
+                self.job_name,
+                {"document-format": cups.CUPS_FORMAT_RAW},
+            )
+        self._clear()
+
+    def _clear(self):
+        """Finish the print job.
+
+        Remove temporary file.
+        """
+        self.tmpfile.close()
+        self.pending_job = False
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """Return a single-item array with the accepting state of the print queue.
+
+        states: idle = [3], printing a job = [4], stopped = [5]
+        """
+        printer = self.printers.get(self.printer_name, {})
+        state = printer.get("printer-state")
+        if not state:
+            return []
+        return [state]
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close CUPS connection.
+
+        Send pending job to the printer if needed.
+        """
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        if self.pending_job:
+            self.send()
+        logging.info("Closing CUPS connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/dummy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the CupsPrinter printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class Dummy(Escpos):
+    """Dummy printer.
+
+    This class is used for saving commands to a variable, for use in situations where
+    there is no need to send commands to an actual printer. This includes
+    generating print jobs for later use, or testing output.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Dummy
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Init with empty output list."""
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self._output_list = []
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self._output_list.append(msg)
+
+    @property
+    def output(self):
+        """Get the data that was sent to this printer."""
+        return b"".join(self._output_list)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Clear the buffer of the printer.
+
+        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
+        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
+        """
+        del self._output_list[:]
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close not implemented for Dummy printer."""
+        pass

src/escpos/printer/file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the File printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import IO, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class File(Escpos):
+    """Generic file printer.
+
+    This class is used for parallel port printer or other printers that are directly attached to the filesystem.
+    Note that you should stay away from using USB-to-Parallel-Adapter since they are unreliable
+    and produce arbitrary errors.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.File
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(self, devfile: str = "", auto_flush: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize file printer with device file.
+
+        :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
+        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], IO[bytes]] = False
+
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Open system file.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[IO[bytes]] = open(self.devfile, "wb")
+        except OSError as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Could not open the specified file {self.devfile}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("File printer %s not found", self.devfile)
+                return
+        logging.info("File printer enabled")
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        """Flush printing content."""
+        if self.device:
+            self.device.flush()
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(msg)
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close system file."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing File connection to printer %s", self.devfile)
+        if not self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+        self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/lp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the LP printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_linux_lp(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on non Windows."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if not on a non-Windows system."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This printer driver depends on LP which is not"
+                "available on Windows systems."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class LP(Escpos):
+    """Simple UNIX lp command raw printing.
+
+    Thanks to `Oyami-Srk comment <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/pull/348#issuecomment-549558316>`_.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.LP
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_linux_lp
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs):
+        """LP class constructor.
+
+        :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+        :param auto_flush: Automatic flush after every _raw() (Optional)
+        :type auto_flush: bool (Defaults False)
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.auto_flush = kwargs.get("auto_flush", False)
+        self._flushed = False
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], subprocess.Popen] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available CUPS printers."""
+        p_names = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-e"],  # Get printer names
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        p_devs = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-v"],  # Get attached devices
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        # List and trim output lines
+        names = [name for name in p_names.stdout.split("\n") if name]
+        devs = [dev for dev in p_devs.stdout.split("\n") if dev]
+        # return a dict of {printer name: attached device} pairs
+        return {name: dev.split()[-1] for name in names for dev in devs if name in dev}
+
+    def _get_system_default_printer(self) -> str:
+        """Return the system's default printer name."""
+        p_name = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-d"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        name = p_name.stdout.split()[-1]
+        if name not in self.printers:
+            return ""
+        return name
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        job_name: str = "python-escpos",
+        raise_not_found: bool = True,
+        _close_opened: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Invoke _lp_ in a new subprocess and wait for commands.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device and _close_opened:
+            self.close()
+
+        self._is_closing = False
+
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        try:
+            # Name validation, set default if no given name
+            self.printer_name = self.printer_name or self._get_system_default_printer()
+            assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[subprocess.Popen] = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["lp", "-d", self.printer_name, "-t", self.job_name, "-o", "raw"],
+                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            )
+        except (AssertionError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("LP printing %s not available", self.printer_name)
+                return
+        logging.info("LP printer enabled")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the subprocess."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing LP connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        self._is_closing = True
+        if not self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+        self._device.terminate()
+        self._device = False
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        """End line and wait for new commands."""
+        if not self.device or not self.device.stdin:
+            return
+
+        if self._flushed:
+            return
+
+        if self.device.stdin.writable():
+            self.device.stdin.write(b"\n")
+        if self.device.stdin.closed is False:
+            self.device.stdin.close()
+        self.device.wait()
+        self._flushed = True
+        if not self._is_closing:
+            self.open(_close_opened=False)
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Write raw command(s) to the printer.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        if self.device.stdin.writable():
+            self.device.stdin.write(msg)
+        else:
+            raise subprocess.SubprocessError("Not a valid pipe for lp process")
+        self._flushed = False
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()

src/escpos/printer/network.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Network printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import logging
+import socket
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class Network(Escpos):
+    """Network printer.
+
+    This class is used to attach to a networked printer.
+    You can also use this in order to attach to a printer that
+    is forwarded with ``socat``.
+
+    If you have a local printer on parallel port ``/dev/usb/lp0``
+    then you could start ``socat`` with:
+
+    .. code-block:: none
+
+        socat -u TCP4-LISTEN:4242,reuseaddr,fork OPEN:/dev/usb/lp0
+
+    Then you should be able to attach to port ``4242`` with this class.
+    Otherwise the normal use case would be to have a printer with
+    Ethernet interface.
+    This type of printer should work the same with this class.
+    For the address of the printer check its manuals.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Network
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str = "",
+        port: int = 9100,
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 60,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize network printer.
+
+        :param host:    Printer's host name or IP address
+        :param port:    Port to write to
+        :param timeout: timeout in seconds for the socket-library
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.timeout = timeout
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], socket.socket] = False
+
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Open TCP socket with ``socket``-library and set it as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[socket.socket] = socket.socket(
+                socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM
+            )
+            self.device.settimeout(self.timeout)
+            self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
+        except OSError as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Could not open socket for {self.host}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Network device %s not found", self.host)
+                return
+        logging.info("Network printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.sendall(msg)
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """Read data from the TCP socket."""
+        return self.device.recv(16)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close TCP connection."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Network connection to printer %s", self.host)
+        try:
+            self._device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+        except socket.error:
+            pass
+        self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/serial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Serial printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the pyserial dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Serial`)
+_DEP_PYSERIAL = False
+
+try:
+    import serial
+
+    _DEP_PYSERIAL = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_PYSERIAL:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_pyserial(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on pyserial."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if pyserial not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with Serial requires the pyserial library to"
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on"
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for pyserial."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Serial(Escpos):
+    """Serial printer.
+
+    This class describes a printer that is connected by serial interface.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Serial
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_pyserial
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        devfile: str = "",
+        baudrate: int = 9600,
+        bytesize: int = 8,
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 1,
+        parity: Optional[str] = None,
+        stopbits: Optional[int] = None,
+        xonxoff: bool = False,
+        dsrdtr: bool = True,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize serial printer.
+
+        :param devfile:  Device file under dev filesystem
+        :param baudrate: Baud rate for serial transmission
+        :param bytesize: Serial buffer size
+        :param timeout:  Read/Write timeout
+        :param parity:   Parity checking
+        :param stopbits: Number of stop bits
+        :param xonxoff:  Software flow control
+        :param dsrdtr:   Hardware flow control (False to enable RTS/CTS)
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.baudrate = baudrate
+        self.bytesize = bytesize
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        if parity:
+            self.parity = parity
+        else:
+            self.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
+        if stopbits:
+            self.stopbits = stopbits
+        else:
+            self.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
+        self.xonxoff = xonxoff
+        self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], serial.Serial] = False
+
+    @dependency_pyserial
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Set up serial port and set is as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            if self.device and self.device.is_open:
+                self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[serial.Serial] = serial.Serial(
+                port=self.devfile,
+                baudrate=self.baudrate,
+                bytesize=self.bytesize,
+                parity=self.parity,
+                stopbits=self.stopbits,
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                xonxoff=self.xonxoff,
+                dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, serial.SerialException) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to open serial printer on {self.devfile}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Serial device %s not found", self.devfile)
+                return
+        logging.info("Serial printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(msg)
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """Read the data buffer and return it to the caller."""
+        return self.device.read(16)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close Serial interface."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Serial connection to printer %s", self.devfile)
+        if self._device and self._device.is_open:
+            self._device.flush()
+            self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/usb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the USB printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Dict, Literal, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError, USBNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the usb dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Usb`)
+_DEP_USB = False
+
+try:
+    import usb.core
+    import usb.util
+
+    _DEP_USB = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_USB:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_usb(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on usb."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if usb not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with USB connection requires a usb library to"
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on"
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for USB."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Usb(Escpos):
+    """USB printer.
+
+    This class describes a printer that natively speaks USB.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Usb
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        idVendor: str = "",
+        idProduct: str = "",
+        usb_args: Dict[str, str] = {},
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 0,
+        in_ep: int = 0x82,
+        out_ep: int = 0x01,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize USB printer.
+
+        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
+        :param idProduct: Product ID
+        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
+        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
+        :param in_ep: Input end point
+        :param out_ep: Output end point
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.in_ep = in_ep
+        self.out_ep = out_ep
+
+        self.usb_args = usb_args or {}
+        if idVendor:
+            self.usb_args["idVendor"] = idVendor
+        if idProduct:
+            self.usb_args["idProduct"] = idProduct
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False], Literal[None], Type[usb.core.Device]
+        ] = False
+
+    @dependency_usb
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        # Open device
+        try:
+            self.device: Optional[Type[usb.core.Device]] = usb.core.find(
+                **self.usb_args
+            )
+            assert self.device, USBNotFoundError(
+                f"Device {tuple(self.usb_args.values())} not found"
+                + " or cable not plugged in."
+            )
+            self._check_driver()
+            self._configure_usb()
+        except (AssertionError, usb.core.USBError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to open USB printer on {tuple(self.usb_args.values())}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("USB device %s not found", tuple(self.usb_args.values()))
+                return
+        logging.info("USB printer enabled")
+
+    def _check_driver(self) -> None:
+        """Check the driver.
+
+        pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
+        only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
+        and detach_kernel_driver().
+        This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
+        """
+        if self.device and self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
+            check_driver: Optional[bool] = None
+
+            try:
+                check_driver = self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0)
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+
+            if check_driver is None or check_driver:
+                try:
+                    self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    pass
+                except usb.core.USBError as e:
+                    if check_driver is not None:
+                        logging.error("Could not detatch kernel driver: %s", str(e))
+
+    def _configure_usb(self) -> None:
+        """Configure USB."""
+        if not self.device:
+            return
+        try:
+            self.device.set_configuration()
+            self.device.reset()
+        except usb.core.USBError as e:
+            logging.error("Could not set configuration: %s", str(e))
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """Read a data buffer and return it to the caller."""
+        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
+
+    @dependency_usb
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Release USB interface."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info(
+            "Closing Usb connection to printer %s", tuple(self.usb_args.values())
+        )
+        usb.util.dispose_resources(self._device)
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/win32raw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Win32Raw printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the win32print dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Win32Raw`)
+_DEP_WIN32PRINT = False
+
+
+try:
+    import pywintypes
+    import win32print
+
+    _DEP_WIN32PRINT = True
+    PyPrinterHANDLE: Any = win32print.OpenPrinter
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_WIN32PRINT:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_win32print(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on win32print."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if win32print not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with Win32Raw requires a win32print library to"
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on"
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for win32print."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Win32Raw(Escpos):
+    """Printer binding for win32 API.
+
+    Uses the module pywin32 for printing.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Win32Raw
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_win32print
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize default printer."""
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.job_name = ""
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False],
+            Literal[None],
+            "PyPrinterHANDLE",
+        ] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available Windows printers."""
+        return {
+            printer["pPrinterName"]: printer
+            for printer in win32print.EnumPrinters(win32print.PRINTER_ENUM_NAME, "", 4)
+        }
+
+    def open(
+        self, job_name: str = "python-escpos", raise_not_found: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        """Open connection to default printer.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        try:
+            # Name validation, set default if no given name
+            self.printer_name = self.printer_name or win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
+            assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional["PyPrinterHANDLE"] = win32print.OpenPrinter(
+                self.printer_name
+            )
+            if self.device:
+                self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(
+                    self.device, 1, (job_name, "", "RAW")
+                )
+                win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.device)
+        except (AssertionError, pywintypes.error) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Win32Raw printing %s not available", self.printer_name)
+                return
+        logging.info("Win32Raw printer enabled")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close connection to default printer."""
+        if self._device is False or self._device is None:  # Literal False | None
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Win32Raw connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        win32print.EndPagePrinter(self._device)
+        win32print.EndDocPrinter(self._device)
+        win32print.ClosePrinter(self._device)
+        self._device = False
+
+    def _raw(self, msg) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        if self.printer_name is None:
+            raise DeviceNotFoundError("Printer not found")
+        if not self.device:
+            raise DeviceNotFoundError("Printer job not opened")
+        win32print.WritePrinter(self.device, msg)

src/escpos/types/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Custom types."""
+
+from typing import Dict, TypedDict
+
+
+class ConstTxtStyleClass(TypedDict):
+    """Describe type of :py:data:`escpos.constants.TXT_STYLES`."""
+
+    bold: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    underline: Dict[int, bytes]
+    size: Dict[str, bytes]
+    font: Dict[str, bytes]
+    align: Dict[str, bytes]
+    invert: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    color: Dict[str, bytes]
+    flip: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    density: Dict[int, bytes]
+    smooth: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    height: Dict[int, int]
+    width: Dict[int, int]

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,49 @@
 import pytest
-from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+from escpos.exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+from escpos.printer import LP, CupsPrinter, Dummy, File, Network, Serial, Usb, Win32Raw
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def driver():
     return Dummy()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def usbprinter():
+    return Usb()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def serialprinter():
+    return Serial()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def networkprinter():
+    return Network()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fileprinter():
+    return File()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lpprinter():
+    return LP()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def win32rawprinter():
+    return Win32Raw()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cupsprinter():
+    return CupsPrinter()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def devicenotfounderror():
+    return DeviceNotFoundError

test/test_abstract_base_class.py

@@ -1,30 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
-"""verifies that the metaclass abc is properly used by Escpos
+"""verifies that the metaclass abc is properly used by ESC/POS
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from nose.tools import raises
-
-import escpos.escpos as escpos
 from abc import ABCMeta
 
+import pytest
+
+import escpos.escpos as escpos
+
 
-@raises(TypeError)
 def test_abstract_base_class_raises():
-    """test whether the abstract base class raises an exception for Escpos"""
-    escpos.Escpos()  # This call should raise TypeError because of abstractmethod _raw()
+    """test whether the abstract base class raises an exception for ESC/POS"""
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        # This call should raise TypeError because of abstractmethod _raw()
+        escpos.Escpos()
 
 
 def test_abstract_base_class():
-    """ test whether Escpos has the metaclass ABCMeta """
+    """test whether Escpos has the metaclass ABCMeta"""
     assert issubclass(escpos.Escpos, object)
     assert type(escpos.Escpos) is ABCMeta

test/test_cli.py

@@ -2,117 +2,120 @@
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import os
-import sys
-from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment
-from nose.tools import assert_equals, nottest
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment as TFE
+
 import escpos
 
-TEST_DIR = os.path.abspath('test/test-cli-output')
+TEST_DIR = tempfile.mkdtemp() + "/cli-test"
 
-DEVFILE_NAME = 'testfile'
+DEVFILE_NAME = "testfile"
 
 DEVFILE = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, DEVFILE_NAME)
-CONFIGFILE = 'testconfig.yaml'
-CONFIG_YAML = '''
+CONFIGFILE = "testconfig.yaml"
+CONFIG_YAML = f"""
 ---
 
 printer:
     type: file
-    devfile: {testfile}
-'''.format(
-    testfile=DEVFILE,
-)
+    devfile: {DEVFILE}
+"""
 
 
 class TestCLI:
-    """ Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI
-    """
+    """Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI"""
 
     @classmethod
     def setup_class(cls):
-        """ Create a config file to read from """
-        with open(CONFIGFILE, 'w') as config:
+        """Create a config file to read from"""
+        with open(CONFIGFILE, "w") as config:
             config.write(CONFIG_YAML)
 
     @classmethod
     def teardown_class(cls):
-        """ Remove config file """
+        """Remove config file"""
         os.remove(CONFIGFILE)
+        shutil.rmtree(TEST_DIR)
 
-    def setup(self):
-        """ Create a file to print to and set up env"""
+    def setup_method(self):
+        """Create a file to print to and set up env"""
         self.env = None
         self.default_args = None
 
-        self.env = TestFileEnvironment(
+        self.env = TFE(
             base_path=TEST_DIR,
             cwd=os.getcwd(),
         )
 
         self.default_args = (
-            'python-escpos',
-            '-c',
+            "python-escpos",
+            "-c",
             CONFIGFILE,
         )
 
-        fhandle = open(DEVFILE, 'a')
+        fhandle = open(DEVFILE, "a")
         try:
             os.utime(DEVFILE, None)
         finally:
             fhandle.close()
 
-    def teardown(self):
-        """ Destroy printer file and env """
+    def teardown_method(self):
+        """Destroy printer file and env"""
         os.remove(DEVFILE)
         self.env.clear()
 
     def test_cli_help(self):
-        """ Test getting help from cli """
-        result = self.env.run('python-escpos', '-h')
+        """Test getting help from cli"""
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "-h")
         assert not result.stderr
-        assert 'usage' in result.stdout
+        assert "usage" in result.stdout
 
     def test_cli_version(self):
-        """ Test the version string """
-        result = self.env.run('python-escpos', 'version')
+        """Test the version string"""
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "version")
         assert not result.stderr
-        assert_equals(escpos.__version__, result.stdout.strip())
+        assert escpos.__version__ == result.stdout.strip()
 
-    @nottest  # disable this test as it is not that easy anymore to predict the outcome of this call
+    def test_cli_version_extended(self):
+        """Test the extended version information"""
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "version_extended")
+        assert not result.stderr
+        assert escpos.__version__ in result.stdout
+        # test that additional information on e.g. Serial is printed
+        assert "Serial" in result.stdout
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip(
+        reason="disable this test as it is not that easy anymore to predict the outcome of this call"
+    )
     def test_cli_text(self):
-        """ Make sure text returns what we sent it """
-        test_text = 'this is some text'
+        """Make sure text returns what we sent it"""
+        test_text = "this is some text"
         result = self.env.run(
-            *(self.default_args + (
-                'text',
-                '--txt',
-                test_text,
-            ))
+            *(
+                self.default_args
+                + (
+                    "text",
+                    "--txt",
+                    test_text,
+                )
+            )
         )
         assert not result.stderr
         assert DEVFILE_NAME in result.files_updated.keys()
-        assert_equals(
-            result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes,
-            test_text + '\n'
-        )
+        assert result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes == test_text + "\n"
 
-    def test_cli_text_inavlid_args(self):
-        """ Test a failure to send valid arguments """
+    def test_cli_text_invalid_args(self):
+        """Test a failure to send valid arguments"""
         result = self.env.run(
-            *(self.default_args + (
-                'text',
-                '--invalid-param',
-                'some data'
-            )),
+            *(self.default_args + ("text", "--invalid-param", "some data")),
             expect_error=True,
-            expect_stderr=True
+            expect_stderr=True,
         )
-        assert_equals(result.returncode, 2)
-        assert 'error:' in result.stderr
+        assert result.returncode == 2
+        assert "error:" in result.stderr
         assert not result.files_updated

test/test_function_barcode.py

@@ -1,52 +1,57 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import escpos.printer as printer
-from escpos.constants import BARCODE_TYPE_A, BARCODE_TYPE_B
-from escpos.capabilities import Profile, BARCODE_B
-from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError, BarcodeCodeError
 import pytest
 
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.capabilities import BARCODE_B, Profile
+from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeCodeError, BarcodeTypeError
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data,expected", [
-    ('EAN13', '4006381333931',
-        b'\x1ba\x01\x1dh@\x1dw\x03\x1df\x00\x1dH\x02\x1dk\x024006381333931\x00')
-])
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data,expected",
+    [
+        (
+            "EAN13",
+            "4006381333931",
+            b"\x1ba\x01\x1dh@\x1dw\x03\x1df\x00\x1dH\x02\x1dk\x024006381333931\x00",
+        )
+    ],
+)
 def test_barcode(bctype, data, expected):
-    """should generate different barcode types correctly.
-    """
+    """should generate different barcode types correctly."""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.barcode(data, bctype)
     assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,supports_b", [
-    ('invalid', True),
-    ('CODE128', False),
-])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,supports_b",
+    [
+        ("invalid", True),
+        ("CODE128", False),
+    ],
+)
 def test_lacks_support(bctype, supports_b):
-    """should raise an error if the barcode type is not supported.
-    """
+    """should raise an error if the barcode type is not supported."""
     profile = Profile(features={BARCODE_B: supports_b})
     instance = printer.Dummy(profile=profile)
     with pytest.raises(BarcodeTypeError):
-        instance.barcode('test', bctype)
+        instance.barcode("test", bctype)
 
-    assert instance.output == b''
+    assert instance.output == b""
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
-    ('EAN13', 'AA'),
-    ('CODE128', '{D2354AA'),
-])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("EAN13", "AA"),
+        ("CODE128", "{D2354AA"),
+    ],
+)
 def test_code_check(bctype, data):
-    """should raise an error if the barcode code is invalid.
-    """
+    """should raise an error if the barcode code is invalid."""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     with pytest.raises(BarcodeCodeError):
         instance.barcode(data, bctype)
 
-    assert instance.output == b''
+    assert instance.output == b""

test/test_function_buzzer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import pytest
+import six
+
+from escpos import printer
+from escpos.constants import BUZZER
+
+
+def test_buzzer_function_with_default_params():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.buzzer()
+    expected = BUZZER + six.int2byte(2) + six.int2byte(4)
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "times, duration",
+    [
+        [1, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [3, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [5, 5],
+        [6, 6],
+        [7, 7],
+        [8, 8],
+        [9, 9],
+    ],
+)
+def test_buzzer_function(times, duration):
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.buzzer(times, duration)
+    expected = BUZZER + six.int2byte(times) + six.int2byte(duration)
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "times, duration, expected_message",
+    [
+        [0, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [-1, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [10, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [11, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 0, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, -1, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 10, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 11, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+    ],
+)
+def test_buzzer_fuction_with_outrange_values(times, duration, expected_message):
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+        instance.buzzer(times, duration)
+
+    assert str(e.value) == expected_message

test/test_function_cashdraw.py

@@ -1,19 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.exceptions import CashDrawerError
-import pytest
 
 
 def test_raise_CashDrawerError():
-    """should raise an error if the sequence is invalid.
-    """
+    """should raise an error if the sequence is invalid."""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     with pytest.raises(CashDrawerError):
         # call with sequence that is too long
-        instance.cashdraw([1,1,1,1,1,1])
-
+        instance.cashdraw([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])

test/test_function_check_barcode.py

@@ -1,104 +1,107 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import escpos.printer as printer
 import pytest
 
+import escpos.escpos
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
-    ('UPC-A', '01234567890'),
-    ('UPC-A', '012345678905'),
-    ('UPC-E', '01234567'),
-    ('UPC-E', '0123456'),
-    ('UPC-E', '012345678905'),
-    ('EAN13', '0123456789012'),
-    ('EAN13', '012345678901'),
-    ('EAN8', '01234567'),
-    ('EAN8', '0123456'),
-    ('CODE39', 'ABC-1234'),
-    ('CODE39', 'ABC-1234-$$-+A'),
-    ('CODE39', '*WIKIPEDIA*'),
-    ('ITF', '010203040506070809'),
-    ('ITF', '11221133113344556677889900'),
-    ('CODABAR', 'A2030405060B'),
-    ('CODABAR', 'C11221133113344556677889900D'),
-    ('CODABAR', 'D0D'),
-    ('NW7', 'A2030405060B'),
-    ('NW7', 'C11221133113344556677889900D'),
-    ('NW7', 'D0D'),
-    ('CODE93', 'A2030405060B'),
-    ('CODE93', '+:$&23-7@$'),
-    ('CODE93', 'D0D'),
-    ('CODE128', '{A2030405060B'),
-    ('CODE128', '{C+:$&23-7@$'),
-    ('CODE128', '{B0D'),
-    ('GS1-128', '{A2030405060B'),
-    ('GS1-128', '{C+:$&23-7@$'),
-    ('GS1-128', '{B0D'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '0123456789123'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '0123456789123'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '0123456789123'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(9A{A20304+-%&06a0B'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(1 {C+:&23-7%'),
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(00000001234567678'),
-])
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("UPC-A", "01234567890"),
+        ("UPC-A", "012345678905"),
+        ("UPC-E", "01234567"),
+        ("UPC-E", "0123456"),
+        ("UPC-E", "012345678905"),
+        ("EAN13", "0123456789012"),
+        ("EAN13", "012345678901"),
+        ("EAN8", "01234567"),
+        ("EAN8", "0123456"),
+        ("CODE39", "ABC-1234"),
+        ("CODE39", "ABC-1234-$$-+A"),
+        ("CODE39", "*WIKIPEDIA*"),
+        ("ITF", "010203040506070809"),
+        ("ITF", "11221133113344556677889900"),
+        ("CODABAR", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODABAR", "C11221133113344556677889900D"),
+        ("CODABAR", "D0D"),
+        ("NW7", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("NW7", "C11221133113344556677889900D"),
+        ("NW7", "D0D"),
+        ("CODE93", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODE93", "+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("CODE93", "D0D"),
+        ("CODE128", "{A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODE128", "{C+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("CODE128", "{B0D"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{A2030405060B"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{C+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{B0D"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(9A{A20304+-%&06a0B"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(1 {C+:&23-7%"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(00000001234567678"),
+    ],
+)
 def test_check_valid_barcode(bctype, data):
-    assert (printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data))
+    assert escpos.escpos.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
-    ('UPC-A', '01234567890123'),  # too long
-    ('UPC-A', '0123456789'),  # too short
-    ('UPC-A', '72527273-711'),  # invalid '-'
-    ('UPC-A', 'A12345678901'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('UPC-E', '01234567890123'),  # too long
-    ('UPC-E', '012345'),  # too short
-    ('UPC-E', '72527-2'),  # invalid '-'
-    ('UPC-E', 'A123456'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('EAN13', '0123456789'),  # too short
-    ('EAN13', 'A123456789012'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('EAN13', '012345678901234'),  # too long
-    ('EAN8', '012345'),  # too short
-    ('EAN8', 'A123456789012'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('EAN8', '012345678901234'),  # too long
-    ('CODE39', 'ALKJ_34'),  # invalid '_'
-    ('CODE39', 'A' * 256),  # too long
-    ('ITF', '010203040'),  # odd length
-    ('ITF', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('ITF', 'AB01'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('CODABAR', '010203040'),  # no start/stop
-    ('CODABAR', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('CODABAR', 'AB-01F'),  # invalid 'B'
-    ('NW7', '010203040'),  # no start/stop
-    ('NW7', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('NW7', 'AB-01F'),  # invalid 'B'
-    ('CODE93', 'é010203040'),  # invalid 'é'
-    ('CODE93', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('CODE128', '010203040'),  # missing leading {
-    ('CODE128', '{D2354AA'),  # second char not between A-C
-    ('CODE128', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('GS1-128', '010203040'),  # missing leading {
-    ('GS1-128', '{D2354AA'),  # second char not between A-C
-    ('GS1-128', '0' * 256),  # too long
-    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '01234567891234'),  # too long
-    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '012345678912'),  # too short
-    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '01234567891234'),  # too long
-    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '012345678912'),  # too short
-    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '01234567891234'),  # too long
-    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '012345678912'),  # too short
-    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
-    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '02345678912341'),  # invalid start (should be 01)
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '010203040'),  # missing leading (
-    ('GS1-128', '(' + ('0' * 256)),  # too long
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(a{D2354AA'),  # second char not between 0-9
-    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', 'IT will fail'),  # first char not '('
-])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("UPC-A", "01234567890123"),  # too long
+        ("UPC-A", "0123456789"),  # too short
+        ("UPC-A", "72527273-711"),  # invalid '-'
+        ("UPC-A", "A12345678901"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("UPC-E", "01234567890123"),  # too long
+        ("UPC-E", "012345"),  # too short
+        ("UPC-E", "72527-2"),  # invalid '-'
+        ("UPC-E", "A123456"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN13", "0123456789"),  # too short
+        ("EAN13", "A123456789012"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN13", "012345678901234"),  # too long
+        ("EAN8", "012345"),  # too short
+        ("EAN8", "A123456789012"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN8", "012345678901234"),  # too long
+        ("CODE39", "ALKJ_34"),  # invalid '_'
+        ("CODE39", "A" * 256),  # too long
+        ("ITF", "010203040"),  # odd length
+        ("ITF", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("ITF", "AB01"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("CODABAR", "010203040"),  # no start/stop
+        ("CODABAR", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("CODABAR", "AB-01F"),  # invalid 'B'
+        ("NW7", "010203040"),  # no start/stop
+        ("NW7", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("NW7", "AB-01F"),  # invalid 'B'
+        ("CODE93", "é010203040"),  # invalid 'é'
+        ("CODE93", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("CODE128", "010203040"),  # missing leading {
+        ("CODE128", "{D2354AA"),  # second char not between A-C
+        ("CODE128", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("GS1-128", "010203040"),  # missing leading {
+        ("GS1-128", "{D2354AA"),  # second char not between A-C
+        ("GS1-128", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "02345678912341"),  # invalid start (should be 01)
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "010203040"),  # missing leading (
+        ("GS1-128", "(" + ("0" * 256)),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(a{D2354AA"),  # second char not between 0-9
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "IT will fail"),  # first char not '('
+    ],
+)
 def test_check_invalid_barcode(bctype, data):
-    assert (not printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data))
+    assert not escpos.escpos.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)

test/test_function_cut.py

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import six
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
@@ -13,5 +8,5 @@ def test_cut_without_feed():
     """Test cut without feeding paper"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.cut(feed=False)
-    expected = GS + b'V' + six.int2byte(66) + b'\x00'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = GS + b"V" + six.int2byte(66) + b"\x00"
+    assert instance.output == expected

test/test_function_dummy_clear.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from nose.tools import assert_raises
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
+
 def test_printer_dummy_clear():
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.text("Hello")
     printer.clear()
-    assert(printer.output == b'')
+    assert printer.output == b""

test/test_function_image.py

@@ -7,13 +7,8 @@
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import pytest
-
 from PIL import Image
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
@@ -26,13 +21,13 @@ def test_bit_image_black():
     Test printing solid black bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80"
     # Same thing w/ object created on the fly, rather than a filename
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), (0, 0, 0))
     instance.image(im, impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_white():
@@ -40,8 +35,8 @@ def test_bit_image_white():
     Test printing solid white bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_both():
@@ -49,8 +44,8 @@ def test_bit_image_both():
     Test printing black/white bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_transparent():
@@ -58,8 +53,8 @@ def test_bit_image_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00"
 
 
 # Column format print
@@ -68,8 +63,8 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_black():
     Test printing solid black bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
@@ -77,8 +72,8 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
     Test printing solid white bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
@@ -86,8 +81,10 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
     Test printing black/white bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert (
+        instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
+    )
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
@@ -95,8 +92,10 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert (
+        instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
+    )
 
 
 # Graphics print
@@ -105,8 +104,11 @@ def test_graphics_black():
     Test printing solid black graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_white():
@@ -114,8 +116,11 @@ def test_graphics_white():
     Test printing solid white graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_both():
@@ -123,8 +128,11 @@ def test_graphics_both():
     Test printing black/white graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_transparent():
@@ -132,8 +140,11 @@ def test_graphics_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_large_graphics():
@@ -141,20 +152,19 @@ def test_large_graphics():
     Test whether 'large' graphics that induce a fragmentation are handled correctly.
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster", fragment_height=1)
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\xc0\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00')
+    instance.image(
+        "test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster", fragment_height=1
+    )
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\xc0\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00"
+    )
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def dummy_with_width():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.profile.profile_data = {
-        'media': {
-            'width': {
-                'pixels': 384
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    instance.profile.profile_data = {"media": {"width": {"pixels": 384}}}
     return instance
 
 

test/test_function_linedisplay.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for line display
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
@@ -19,17 +15,18 @@ def test_function_linedisplay_select_on():
     """test the linedisplay_select function (activate)"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x3D\x02')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x02"
+
 
 def test_function_linedisplay_select_off():
     """test the linedisplay_select function (deactivate)"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x3D\x01')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x01"
+
 
 def test_function_linedisplay_clear():
     """test the linedisplay_clear function"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_clear()
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x40')
-
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x40"

test/test_function_panel_button.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for panel button function
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
@@ -19,11 +15,11 @@ def test_function_panel_button_on():
     """test the panel button function (enabling) by comparing output"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons()
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x00')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x63\x35\x00"
 
 
 def test_function_panel_button_off():
     """test the panel button function (disabling) by comparing output"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons(False)
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x01')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x63\x35\x01"

test/test_function_qr_native.py

@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-from nose.tools import raises
 import pytest
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
@@ -23,63 +18,72 @@ def test_defaults():
     """Test QR code with defaults"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
 
 def test_empty():
     """Test QR printing blank code"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("", native=True)
-    assert(instance.output == b'')
+    assert instance.output == b""
 
 
 def test_ec():
     """Test QR error correction setting"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_H)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E3\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E3\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 def test_size():
     """Test QR box size"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=7)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x07\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x07\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 def test_model():
     """Test QR model"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, model=QR_MODEL_1)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A1\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A1\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
 def test_invalid_ec():
     """Test invalid QR error correction"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=-1)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=-1)
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
 def test_invalid_size():
     """Test invalid QR size"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=0)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=0)
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
 def test_invalid_model():
     """Test invalid QR model"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.qr("1234", native=True, model="Hello")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        instance.qr("1234", native=True, model="Hello")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.skip("this test has to be debugged")
@@ -88,19 +92,21 @@ def test_image():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1", native=False, size=1)
     print(instance.output)
-    expected = b'\x1bt\x00\n' \
-        b'\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et' \
-        b']ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00' \
-        b'i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]\'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00' \
-        b'\n\n'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1bt\x00\n"
+        b"\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et"
+        b"]ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00"
+        b"i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00"
+        b"\n\n"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
 def test_image_invalid_model():
     """Test unsupported QR model as image"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.qr("1234", native=False, model=QR_MODEL_1)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        instance.qr("1234", native=False, model=QR_MODEL_1)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

test/test_function_qr_non-native.py

@@ -2,25 +2,21 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the non-native part of qr()
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import pytest
 import mock
-
-from escpos.printer import Dummy
+import pytest
 from PIL import Image
 
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
-@mock.patch('escpos.printer.Dummy.image', spec=Dummy)
+
+@mock.patch("escpos.printer.Dummy.image", spec=Dummy)
 def test_type_of_object_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
     """
     Test the type of object that is passed to the image function during non-native qr-printing.

test/test_function_set.py

@@ -1,145 +1,227 @@
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
+import pytest
 import six
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
-from escpos.constants import TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE, SET_FONT
-from escpos.constants import TXT_SIZE
+from escpos.constants import SET_FONT, TXT_NORMAL, TXT_SIZE, TXT_STYLE
+from escpos.exceptions import SetVariableError
 
 
-# Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls
+def test_default_values_with_default():
+    """Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default()
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
 
 def test_default_values():
+    """Default test"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.set()
 
-    expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
-    )
+    assert instance.output == b""
 
-    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 
 # Size tests
 
+
 def test_set_size_2h():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(double_height=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2h"],  # Double height text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2h_no_default():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.set(double_height=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2h'],  # Double height text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2h"],  # Double height text size
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_set_size_2w():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(double_width=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2w"],  # Double width text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2w_no_default():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.set(double_width=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2w'],  # Double width text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2w"],  # Double width text size
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_set_size_2x():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(double_height=True, double_width=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(double_height=True, double_width=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2x'],  # Double text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2x"],  # Double text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2x_no_default():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(double_width=True, double_height=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2x"],  # Quad area text size
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_set_size_custom():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
+    instance.set_with_default(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
-        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE['width'][8] + TXT_STYLE['height'][7]),
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE["width"][8] + TXT_STYLE["height"][7]),
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("width", [1, 8])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("height", [1, 8])
+def test_set_size_custom_no_default(width, height):
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=width, height=height)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
+        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE["width"][width] + TXT_STYLE["height"][height]),
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("width", [None, 0, 9, 10, 4444])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("height", [None, 0, 9, 10, 4444])
+def test_set_size_custom_invalid_input(width, height):
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(SetVariableError):
+        instance.set(custom_size=True, width=width, height=height)
+
 
 # Flip
 
+
 def test_set_flip():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(flip=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][True],  # Flip ON
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_flip_no_default():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.set(flip=True)
 
-    expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][True],  # Flip ON
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
-    )
+    expected_sequence = (TXT_STYLE["flip"][True],)  # Flip ON
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 
 # Smooth
 
+
 def test_smooth():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(smooth=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(smooth=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][True],  # Smooth ON
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][True],  # Smooth ON
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 # Type
@@ -147,134 +229,143 @@ def test_smooth():
 
 def test_set_bold():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(bold=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(bold=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][True],  # Bold ON
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][True],  # Bold ON
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_set_underline():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(underline=1)
+    instance.set_with_default(underline=1)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][1],  # Underline ON, type 1
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][1],  # Underline ON, type 1
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_set_underline2():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(underline=2)
+    instance.set_with_default(underline=2)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][2],  # Underline ON, type 2
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][2],  # Underline ON, type 2
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 # Align
 
+
 def test_align_center():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(align='center')
+    instance.set_with_default(align="center")
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['center'],  # Align center
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["center"],  # Align center
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 def test_align_right():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(align='right')
+    instance.set_with_default(align="right")
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['right'],  # Align right
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["right"],  # Align right
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
     )
 
-    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 # Densities
 
-def test_densities():
 
+def test_densities():
     for density in range(8):
         instance = printer.Dummy()
-        instance.set(density=density)
+        instance.set_with_default(density=density)
 
         expected_sequence = (
-            TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-            TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-            TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-            TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-            TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-            SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-            TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-            TXT_STYLE['density'][density],  # Custom density from 0 to 8
-            TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
+            TXT_NORMAL,
+            TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+            TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+            SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+            TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+            TXT_STYLE["density"][density],  # Custom density from 0 to 8
+            TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
         )
 
-        assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+        assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
 # Invert
 
+
 def test_invert():
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(invert=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(invert=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
-        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
-        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
-        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
-        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
-        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
-        TXT_STYLE['invert'][True]  # Inverted ON
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][True],  # Inverted ON
     )
 
-    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)

test/test_function_softbarcode.py

@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import escpos.printer as printer
+import barcode.errors
 import pytest
 
+import escpos.printer as printer
 
-def test_soft_barcode():
-    """just execute soft_barcode
-    """
-    instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234")
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return printer.Dummy()
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_invalid(instance):
+    """test with an invalid barcode"""
+    with pytest.raises(barcode.errors.BarcodeError):
+        instance.barcode("1234", "ean8", force_software=True)
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8(instance):
+    """test with a valid ean8 barcode"""
+    instance.barcode("1234567", "ean8", force_software=True)
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_nocenter(instance):
+    instance.barcode("1234567", "ean8", align_ct=False, force_software=True)

test/test_function_text.py

@@ -1,32 +1,28 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for the text printing function
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import pytest
-import mock
-from hypothesis import given, assume
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
+import mock
+import pytest
+from hypothesis import assume, given
+
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
 def get_printer():
-    return Dummy(magic_encode_args={'disabled': True, 'encoding': 'CP437'})
+    return Dummy(magic_encode_args={"disabled": True, "encoding": "CP437"})
 
 
 @given(text=st.text())
 def test_text(text):
-    """Test that text() calls the MagicEncode object.
-    """
+    """Test that text() calls the MagicEncode object."""
     instance = get_printer()
     instance.magic.write = mock.Mock()
     instance.text(text)
@@ -36,30 +32,32 @@ def test_text(text):
 def test_block_text():
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.block_text(
-        "All the presidents men were eating falafel for breakfast.", font='a')
-    assert printer.output == \
-        b'All the presidents men were eating falafel\nfor breakfast.'
+        "All the presidents men were eating falafel for breakfast.", font="a"
+    )
+    assert (
+        printer.output == b"All the presidents men were eating falafel\nfor breakfast."
+    )
 
 
 def test_textln():
     printer = get_printer()
-    printer.textln('hello, world')
-    assert printer.output == b'hello, world\n'
+    printer.textln("hello, world")
+    assert printer.output == b"hello, world\n"
 
 
 def test_textln_empty():
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.textln()
-    assert printer.output == b'\n'
+    assert printer.output == b"\n"
 
 
 def test_ln():
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.ln()
-    assert printer.output == b'\n'
+    assert printer.output == b"\n"
 
 
 def test_multiple_ln():
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.ln(3)
-    assert printer.output == b'\n\n\n'
+    assert printer.output == b"\n\n\n"

test/test_functions.py

@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
-from nose.tools import assert_raises
+import pytest
+
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
 def test_line_spacing_code_gen():
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.line_spacing(10)
-    assert printer.output == b'\x1b3\n'
+    assert printer.output == b"\x1b3\n"
 
 
 def test_line_spacing_rest():
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.line_spacing()
-    assert printer.output == b'\x1b2'
+    assert printer.output == b"\x1b2"
 
 
 def test_line_spacing_error_handling():
     printer = Dummy()
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(99, divisor=44)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=80, spacing=86)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=360, spacing=256)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=180, spacing=256)

test/test_image.py

@@ -15,57 +15,67 @@ def test_image_black():
     """
     Test rendering solid black image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('canvas_black.' + img_format, 1, 1, b'\x80', [b'\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img("canvas_black." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x80", [b"\x80"])
 
 
 def test_image_black_transparent():
     """
     Test rendering black/transparent image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('black_transparent.' + img_format, 2, 2, b'\xc0\x00', [b'\x80\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img(
+            "black_transparent." + img_format, 2, 2, b"\xc0\x00", [b"\x80\x80"]
+        )
 
 
 def test_image_black_white():
     """
     Test rendering black/white image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('black_white.' + img_format, 2, 2, b'\xc0\x00', [b'\x80\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img(
+            "black_white." + img_format, 2, 2, b"\xc0\x00", [b"\x80\x80"]
+        )
 
 
 def test_image_white():
     """
     Test rendering solid white image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('canvas_white.' + img_format, 1, 1, b'\x00', [b'\x00'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img("canvas_white." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x00", [b"\x00"])
 
 
 def test_split():
     """
     test whether the split-function works as expected
     """
-    im = EscposImage('test/resources/black_white.png')
+    im = EscposImage("test/resources/black_white.png")
     (upper_part, lower_part) = im.split(1)
     upper_part = EscposImage(upper_part)
     lower_part = EscposImage(lower_part)
-    assert(upper_part.width == lower_part.width == 2)
-    assert(upper_part.height == lower_part.height == 1)
-    assert(upper_part.to_raster_format() == b'\xc0')
-    assert(lower_part.to_raster_format() == b'\x00')
+    assert upper_part.width == lower_part.width == 2
+    assert upper_part.height == lower_part.height == 1
+    assert upper_part.to_raster_format() == b"\xc0"
+    assert lower_part.to_raster_format() == b"\x00"
 
 
-def _load_and_check_img(filename, width_expected, height_expected, raster_format_expected, column_format_expected):
+def _load_and_check_img(
+    filename,
+    width_expected,
+    height_expected,
+    raster_format_expected,
+    column_format_expected,
+):
     """
     Load an image, and test whether raster & column formatted output, sizes, etc match expectations.
     """
-    im = EscposImage('test/resources/' + filename)
-    assert(im.width == width_expected)
-    assert(im.height == height_expected)
-    assert(im.to_raster_format() == raster_format_expected)
+    im = EscposImage("test/resources/" + filename)
+    assert im.width == width_expected
+    assert im.height == height_expected
+    assert im.to_raster_format() == raster_format_expected
     i = 0
     for row in im.to_column_format(False):
-        assert(row == column_format_expected[i])
+        assert row == column_format_expected[i]
         i += 1

test/test_load_module.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """very basic test cases that load the classes
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
@@ -18,4 +14,4 @@ import escpos.printer as printer
 def test_instantiation():
     """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class and basic printing"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.text('This is a test\n')
+    instance.text("This is a test\n")

test/test_load_module_missing_capability.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""basic test case that simulates an empty capability file
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_instantiation():
+    """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class"""
+    # inject an environment variable that points to an empty capabilities file
+    os.environ["ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE"] = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile().name
+
+    import escpos.printer as printer
+    from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError
+
+    # remove again the variable (so that no other tests are affected)
+    os.environ.pop("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE")
+
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(BarcodeTypeError):
+        instance.barcode("bc", "code")

test/test_magicencode.py

@@ -2,24 +2,20 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the magic encode module
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import pytest
-from nose.tools import raises, assert_raises
-from hypothesis import given, example
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
-from escpos.magicencode import MagicEncode, Encoder
-from escpos.katakana import encode_katakana
+import pytest
+from hypothesis import example, given
+
 from escpos.exceptions import CharCodeError, Error
+from escpos.katakana import encode_katakana
+from escpos.magicencode import Encoder, MagicEncode
 
 
 class TestEncoder:
@@ -28,17 +24,24 @@ class TestEncoder:
     """
 
     def test_can_encode(self):
-        assert not Encoder({'CP437': 1}).can_encode('CP437', u'€')
-        assert Encoder({'CP437': 1}).can_encode('CP437', u'á')
-        assert not Encoder({'foobar': 1}).can_encode('foobar', 'a')
+        assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "€")
+        assert Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "á")
+        assert not Encoder({"foobar": 1}).can_encode("foobar", "a")
 
     def test_find_suitable_encoding(self):
-        assert not Encoder({'CP437': 1}).find_suitable_encoding(u'€')
-        assert Encoder({'CP858': 1}).find_suitable_encoding(u'€') == 'CP858'
+        assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€")
+        assert Encoder({"CP858": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€") == "CP858"
+
+    def test_find_suitable_encoding_unnecessary_codepage_swap(self):
+        enc = Encoder({"CP857": 1, "CP437": 2, "CP1252": 3, "CP852": 4, "CP858": 5})
+        # desired behavior would be that the encoder always stays in the lower
+        # available codepages if possible
+        for character in ("Á", "É", "Í", "Ó", "Ú"):
+            assert enc.find_suitable_encoding(character) == "CP857"
 
-    @raises(ValueError)
     def test_get_encoding(self):
-        Encoder({}).get_encoding_name('latin1')
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            Encoder({}).get_encoding_name("latin1")
 
 
 class TestMagicEncode:
@@ -61,50 +64,50 @@ class TestMagicEncode:
                 MagicEncode(driver, disabled=True)
 
     class TestWriteWithEncoding:
-
         def test_init_from_none(self, driver):
             encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding=None)
-            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro.'
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
 
         def test_change_from_another(self, driver):
-            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP437')
-            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro.'
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437")
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
 
         def test_no_change(self, driver):
-            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP858')
-            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'\xd5 ist teuro.'
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP858")
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\xd5 ist teuro."
 
     class TestWrite:
-
         def test_write(self, driver):
             encode = MagicEncode(driver)
-            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x0f\xa4 ist teuro.'
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x0f\xa4 ist teuro."
 
         def test_write_disabled(self, driver):
-            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP437', disabled=True)
-            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'? ist teuro.'
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437", disabled=True)
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"? ist teuro."
 
         def test_write_no_codepage(self, driver):
             encode = MagicEncode(
-                driver, defaultsymbol="_", encoder=Encoder({'CP437': 1}),
-                encoding='CP437')
-            encode.write(u'€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'_ ist teuro.'
+                driver,
+                defaultsymbol="_",
+                encoder=Encoder({"CP437": 1}),
+                encoding="CP437",
+            )
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"_ ist teuro."
 
     class TestForceEncoding:
-
         def test(self, driver):
             encode = MagicEncode(driver)
-            encode.force_encoding('CP437')
-            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x00'
+            encode.force_encoding("CP437")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00"
 
-            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
-            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x00? ist teuro.'
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00? ist teuro."
 
 
 try:
@@ -123,5 +126,5 @@ class TestKatakana:
         encode_katakana(text)
 
     def test_result(self):
-        assert encode_katakana('カタカナ') == b'\xb6\xc0\xb6\xc5'
-        assert encode_katakana("あいうえお") == b'\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5'
+        assert encode_katakana("カタカナ") == b"\xb6\xc0\xb6\xc5"
+        assert encode_katakana("あいうえお") == b"\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5"