Bump actions/setup-python from 5.6.0 to 6.0.0

Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 5.6.0 to 6.0.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/compare/v5.6.0...v6.0.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-version: 6.0.0
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ I have:
  **Printer:** Manufacturer Model XVI
 
 <!-- since version 2.0.1 you can type 'python-escpos version' in your shell.
-Alternatively you could use '__version__' in module escpos. -->
+Starting with python-escpos version 3.0, please replace the information below
+with the output of `python-escpos version_extended`. -->
  **python-escpos version:** 0.0.0
 
  **python version:** 0.0

.github/workflows/black.yml

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ jobs:
   black-code-style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - uses: psf/black@stable
         with:
-          version: "23.3.0"
+          version: "23.12.0"
 

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
         # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3

.github/workflows/documentation.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           submodules: 'recursive'
       - name: Install packages
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update -y &&
           sudo apt-get install -y git python3-sphinx graphviz libenchant-2-2 &&
           sudo apt-get install -y gcc libcups2-dev python3-dev python3-setuptools &&
-          sudo pip install tox pycups
+          sudo pip install --ignore-installed tox pycups
       - name: Test doc build
         run: tox -e docs

.github/workflows/pythonpackage-windows.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+name: Python package on Windows
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      with:
+        submodules: 'recursive'
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6.0.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest tox tox-gh-actions
+        If (Test-Path .\requirements.txt) { pip install -r .\requirements.txt }
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E,F,W --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with tox
+      run: |
+        tox
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: D:\a\python-escpos\python-escpos\capabilities-data\dist\capabilities.json
+    - name: Test mypy with tox
+      run: |
+        tox -e mypy
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: D:\a\python-escpos\python-escpos\capabilities-data\dist\capabilities.json
+    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      env:
+        CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      with:
+        env_vars: OS,PYTHON
+        fail_ci_if_error: true
+        files: ./coverage.xml
+        exclude: "**/.mypy_cache"
+        flags: unittests
+        name: coverage-tox-${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        verbose: true

.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml

@@ -15,25 +15,32 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13']
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         submodules: 'recursive'
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4.6.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6.0.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y graphviz libenchant-2-2 gcc libcups2-dev python3-dev xindy
         python -m pip install --upgrade pip
         pip install flake8 pytest tox tox-gh-actions
         if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Check sorting of imports
+      uses: isort/isort-action@master
+      with:
+        requirementsFiles: "requirements.txt doc/requirements.txt"
+        sortPaths: "./doc ./src ./examples ./test ./setup.py"
     - name: Lint with flake8
       run: |
         # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
-        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        flake8 . --count --select=E,F,W --show-source --statistics
         # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
         flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
     - name: Test with tox
@@ -41,3 +48,20 @@ jobs:
         tox
       env:
         ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: /home/runner/work/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+    - name: Test mypy with tox
+      run: |
+        tox -e mypy
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: /home/runner/work/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      env:
+        CODECOV_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+      with:
+        env_vars: OS,PYTHON
+        fail_ci_if_error: true
+        files: ./coverage.xml
+        exclude: "**/.mypy_cache"
+        flags: unittests
+        name: coverage-tox-${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        verbose: true

.gitignore

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ dist/
 src/escpos/version.py
 .hypothesis
 .pytest_cache/
+coverage.xml
 
 # pyenv
 .python-version
@@ -40,3 +41,4 @@ test/test-cli-output/
 !.vscode/tasks.json
 !.vscode/launch.json
 !.vscode/extensions.json
+

.mailmap

@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ Alex Debiasio <alex.debiasio@thinkin.io>             <alex.debiasio@studenti.uni
 Maximilian Wagenbach <maximilian.wagenbach@native-instruments.de>
 <belono@users.noreply.github.com>                    <tiotil.lindeman@gmail.com>
 belono <belono@users.noreply.github.com>             Benito López <belono@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alfredo Orozco <alfredoopa@gmail.com>                Alfredo orozco <alfreedom@users.noreply.github.com>

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+version: 2
+formats:
+  - epub
+  - pdf
+build:
+  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
+  apt_packages:
+    - graphviz
+    - libenchant-2-2
+    - gcc
+    - libcups2-dev
+    - python3-dev
+    - xindy
+sphinx:
+  configuration: doc/conf.py
+submodules:
+  include:
+    - capabilities-data
+  recursive: true
+
+python:
+  install:
+    - requirements: doc/requirements.txt
+    - method: pip
+      path: .

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -11,4 +11,9 @@
   "editor.formatOnSave": true,
   "editor.formatOnPaste": true,
   "python.formatting.provider": "black",
+  "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+    "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
+  },
+  "python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
+  "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
 }

AUTHORS

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ Ahmed Tahri
 akeonly
 Alejandro Hernández
 Alexander Bougakov
+Alexandre Detiste
 Alex Debiasio
+Alfredo Orozco
 Asuki Kono
 belono
 B. Howell
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ Davis Goglin
 Dean Rispin
 dependabot[bot]
 Dmytro Katyukha
+Florent de Labarre
 Gerard Marull-Paretas
 Hark
 Joel Lehtonen
@@ -37,12 +40,15 @@ Qian Linfeng
 Ramon Poca
 reck31
 Renato Lorenzi
+Ricardo Sánchez Alba
 Romain Porte
 Sam Cheng
 Sergio Pulgarin
 Stephan Sokolow
 Thijs Triemstra
 Thomas van den Berg
+tuxmaster
+vendryan
 Yaisel Hurtado
 ysuolmai
 白月秋见心

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,130 @@
-*********
 Changelog
-*********
+=========
+
+202x-xx-xx - Version 3.x - ""
+-------------------------------------------
+
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+
+2023-12-17 - Version 3.1 - "Rubric Of Ruin"
+-------------------------------------------
+This is the minor release of the new version 3.1.
+It adds a modification of the API of the qr-method,
+hence the minor release.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- extend API of the qr-method to allow passing image
+  parameters in non-native mode
+- use version 0.15 and upwards of python-barcode
+- fix an issue in the config provider that prevented
+  config files to be found when only a path was supplied
+- Improve type annotations, usage of six and other
+  packaging relevant parts.
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Alexandre Detiste
+- tuxmaster
+- belono
+
+
+2023-11-17 - Version 3.0 - "Quietly Confident"
+----------------------------------------------
+This is the major release of the new version 3.0.
+A big thank you to @belono for their many contributions
+for the finalization of v3!
+
+The third major release of this library drops support for
+Python 2 and requires a Python version of at least 3.8.
+The API has been reworked to be more consistent and two
+new concepts have been introduced:
+
+`Capabilities` allow the library to know which features
+the currently used printer implements and send fitting
+commands.
+`Magic Encode` is a new feature that uses the
+capability information and encodes Unicode automatically
+with the correct code page while sending also the
+code page change commands.
+
+The license of the project has been changed to MIT
+in accordance with its contributors.
+
+The changes listed here are a summary of the changes
+of the previous alpha releases. For details please
+read the changelog of the alpha releases.
+
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- change the project's license to MIT in accordance with the contributors (see python-escpos/python-escpos#171)
+- feature: add "capabilities" which are shared with escpos-php, capabilities are stored in
+  `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_
+- feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate code page and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
+- as an alternative you can force the code page with the old API
+- fix the encoding search so that lower encodings are found first
+- automatically handle cases where full cut or partial cut is not available
+- refactor of the set-method
+- preliminary support of POS "line display" printing
+- add support for software-based barcode-rendering
+- make feed for cut optional
+- implemented paper sensor querying command
+- Include support for CUPS based printer interfaces
+- add Win32Raw-Printer on Windows-platforms
+- add and improve Windows support of USB-class
+- pickle capabilities for faster startup
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This is a list of contributors since the last v2 release.
+
+- Ahmed Tahri
+- akeonly
+- Alexander Bougakov
+- AlexandroJaez
+- Asuki Kono
+- belono
+- brendanhowell
+- Brian
+- Christoph Heuel
+- csoft2k
+- Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+- Dmytro Katyukha
+- Foaly
+- Gerard Marull-Paretas
+- Justin Vieira
+- kedare
+- kennedy
+- Lucy Linder
+- Maximilian Wagenbach
+- Michael Billington
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- mrwunderbar666
+- NullYing
+- Omer Akram
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- primax79
+- Ramon Poca
+- reck31
+- Romain Porte
+- Sam Cheng
+- Scott Rotondo
+- Sergio Pulgarin
+- Thijs Triemstra
+- Yaisel Hurtado
+- ysuolmai
+
+and others
+
 2023-05-11 - Version 3.0a9 - "Pride Comes Before A Fall"
 --------------------------------------------------------
 This release is the 10th alpha release of the new version 3.0.
@@ -67,7 +191,7 @@ contributors
 - Alexander Bougakov
 - Brian
 - Yaisel Hurtado
-- Maximilan Wagenbach
+- Maximilian Wagenbach
 - Patrick Kanzler
 
 2019-06-19 - Version 3.0a6 - "Mistake not..."
@@ -79,7 +203,7 @@ released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - fix inclusion of the capabilities-file
-- execute CI jobs also on Windows and macOS-targets
+- execute CI jobs also on Windows and MacOS-targets
 - improve documentation
 
 contributors
@@ -214,11 +338,11 @@ changes
 - feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate code page and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
 - as an alternative you can force the code page with the old API
 - updated and improved documentation
-- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capablities
+- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capabilities
 - changed interface of method `blocktext`, changed behavior of multiple methods, for details refer to the documentation
   on `python-escpos.readthedocs.io <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_
 - add support for custom cash drawer sequence
-- enforce flake8 on the src-files, test py36 and py37 on travis
+- enforce flake8 on the src-files, test py36 and py37 on Travis
 
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -251,7 +375,7 @@ contributors
 
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
-- configure readthedocs and travis
+- configure readthedocs and Travis
 - update doc with hint on image preprocessing
 - add fix for printing large images (by splitting them into multiple images)
 
@@ -293,8 +417,8 @@ changes
 - packaging: configured the coverage-analysis codecov.io
 - GitHub: improved issues-template
 - documentation: add troubleshooting tip to network-interface
-- the module, cli and documentation is now aware of the version of python-escpos
-- the cli does now support basic tabcompletion
+- the module, CLI and documentation is now aware of the version of python-escpos
+- the CLI does now support basic tab completion
 
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -312,11 +436,11 @@ changes
 - refactor complete code in order to be compatible with Python 2 and 3
 - modernize packaging
 - add testing and CI
-- merge various forks into codebase, fixing multiple issues with barcode-, QR-printing, cashdraw and structure
+- merge various forks into codebase, fixing multiple issues with barcode-, QR-printing, cash-draw and structure
 - improve the documentation
 - extend support of barcode-codes to type B
 - add function to disable panel-buttons
-- the text-functions are now intended for unicode, the driver will automatically encode the string based on the selected
+- the text-functions are now intended for Unicode, the driver will automatically encode the string based on the selected
   code page
 - the image-functions are now much more flexible
 - added a CLI
@@ -355,7 +479,7 @@ contributors
 --------------------------
 
 - Merge pull request #53 from ldos/master
-    - Extended params for serial printers
+    - Extended parameters for serial printers
     - Sent by ldos <cafeteria.ldosalzira@gmail.com>
 
 2015-04-21 - Version 1.0.5
@@ -383,7 +507,7 @@ contributors
 --------------------------
 
 - Issue #5: Fixed vertical tab
-- Issue #9: Fixed identation inconsistence
+- Issue #9: Fixed indentation inconsistency
 
 2013-03-14 - Version 1.0.1
 --------------------------
@@ -394,6 +518,6 @@ contributors
 2012-11-15 - Version 1.0
 ------------------------
 
-- Issue #2: Added ethernet support
+- Issue #2: Added Ethernet support
 - Issue #3: Added compatibility with libusb-1.0.1
 - Issue #4: Fixed typo in escpos.py

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -1,68 +1,83 @@
-************
 Contributing
-************
+============
 
-This project is open to any kind of contribution. You can help with improving the documentation, adding fixes to the
-code, providing test cases in code or as a description or just spreading the word. Please feel free to create an
-issue or pull request.
-In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try to adhere to good practice.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
-The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates. Please fill in your information where applicable.
+This project is open to any kind of contribution.
+You can help with improving the documentation, adding fixes to the
+code, providing test cases in code or as a description or just
+spreading the word.
+Please feel free to create an issue or pull request.
+In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try
+to adhere to good practice.
 
-This project uses `semantic versioning <https://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
-well as possible.
+The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates.
+Please fill in your information where applicable.
+
+This project uses `semantic versioning <https://semver.org/>`_
+and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as well as possible.
 
 Author-list
 -----------
 
-This project keeps a list of authors. This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
-When contributing the first time, please include a commit with the output of this script in place.
-Otherwise the integration-check will fail.
+This project keeps a list of authors.
+This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
+When contributing the first time, please include a commit with
+the output of this script in place.
 
-When you change your username or mail-address, please also update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
-You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the `documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
+When you change your username or mail-address, please also
+update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
+You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the
+`documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
 
 Style-Guide
 -----------
 
 When writing code please try to stick to these rules.
 
-PEP8
-^^^^
-The entire codebase adheres to the rules of PEP8.
-These rules are enforced by running `flake8` in the integration-checks.
-Please adhere to these rules as your contribution can only be merged if the check succeeds.
-You can use flake8 or similar tools locally in order to check your code.
-Apart from that the travis-log and the check by Landscape will provide you with hints.
+Black Code Style
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This project is formatted with the auto formatter `black <https://github.com/psf/black>`_.
+Please format your contributions with black, otherwise they will be rejected.
 
 GIT
 ^^^
-The master-branch contains the main development of the project. A release to PyPi is marked with a tag
-corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved by merging into the master-branch.
-When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/master`.
+The master-branch contains the main development of the project.
+A release to PyPi is marked with a tag corresponding to the version.
+Issues are closed when they have been resolved by merging
+into the master-branch.
+When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch
+from the HEAD of `python-escpos/master`.
 
-Please try to group your commits into logical units. If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
-git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request. A small, self-contained change-set is
-easier to review, and improves the chance of your code being merged.
-Please also make sure that before creating your PR, your branch is rebased on a recent commit or you merged a recent
-commit into your branch. This way you can ensure that your PR is without merge conflicts.
+Please try to group your commits into logical units.
+If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
+git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request.
+A small, self-contained change-set is easier to review, and
+improves the chance of your code being merged.
+Please also make sure that before creating your PR, your branch
+is rebased on a recent commit or you merged a recent
+commit into your branch.
+This way you can ensure that your PR is without merge conflicts.
 
 Docstrings
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 This project tries to have a good documentation.
-Please add a docstring to every method and class. Have a look at existing methods and classes for the style.
+Please add a docstring to every method and class.
+Have a look at existing methods and classes for the style.
 We use basically standard rst-docstrings for Sphinx.
 
 Test
 ^^^^
-Try to write tests whenever possible. Our goal for the future is 100% coverage.
-We are currently using `nose` but might change in the future.
-You can copy the structure from other testcases. Please remember to adapt the docstrings.
+Try to write tests whenever possible.
+Our goal for the future is 100% coverage.
+You can copy the structure from other testcases.
+Please remember to adapt the docstrings.
 
 Further reading
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For further best practices and hints on contributing please see the
-`contribution-guide <https://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_. Should there be any contradictions between this guide
+`contribution-guide <https://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_.
+Should there be any contradictions between this guide
 and the linked one, please stick to this text.
 Aside from that feel free to create an issue or write an email if anything is unclear.
 

INSTALL

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ python-escpos
 This library is available over pypi. So for most of the use-cases it should be sufficient to run
 
 ```
-pip install python-escpos --user  # add --pre if you want to install pre-releases
+pip install python-escpos[all] --user  # add --pre if you want to install pre-releases
 ```
 
 For more information please read the documentation at https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/installation.html

README.rst

@@ -2,26 +2,17 @@
 python-escpos - Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
 #############################################################
 
-.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos.svg?branch=master
-    :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos
-    :alt: Continous Integration
-
-.. image:: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/coverage.svg?branch=master
-    :target: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos?branch=master
-    :alt: Code Coverage
+Description
+===========
 
 .. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=latest
     :target: https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
     :alt: Documentation Status
 
-
-Description
------------
-
 Python ESC/POS is a library which lets the user have access to all those printers handled
 by ESC/POS commands, as defined by Epson, from a Python application.
 
-The library tries to implement the functions provided by the ESC/POS-commandset and supports sending text, images,
+The library tries to implement the functions provided by the ESC/POS-command-set and supports sending text, images,
 barcodes and qr-codes to the printer.
 
 Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size, type and weight.
@@ -58,7 +49,7 @@ The basic usage is:
     p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0202, 0, profile="TM-T88III")
     p.text("Hello World\n")
     p.image("logo.gif")
-    p.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    p.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
     p.cut()
 
 
@@ -68,9 +59,9 @@ Another example based on the Network printer class:
 
     from escpos.printer import Network
 
-    kitchen = Network("192.168.1.100") #Printer IP Address
+    kitchen = Network("192.168.1.100", profile="TM-T88III") #Printer IP Address
     kitchen.text("Hello World\n")
-    kitchen.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    kitchen.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
     kitchen.cut()
 
 Another example based on the Serial printer class:
@@ -80,29 +71,37 @@ Another example based on the Serial printer class:
     from escpos.printer import Serial
 
     """ 9600 Baud, 8N1, Flow Control Enabled """
-    p = Serial(devfile='/dev/tty.usbserial',
+    p = Serial(
+        devfile='/dev/tty.usbserial',
         baudrate=9600,
         bytesize=8,
         parity='N',
         stopbits=1,
         timeout=1.00,
-               dsrdtr=True)
+        dsrdtr=True,
+        profile="TM-T88III"
+    )
 
     p.text("Hello World\n")
     p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
     p.cut()
 
+.. note:: It is highly recommended to include a matching profile to inform python-escpos about the printer's capabilities.
 
-The full project-documentation is available on `Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
+The full project-documentation is available on
+`Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
 
 Contributing
 ------------
 
-This project is open for any contribution! Please see `CONTRIBUTING.rst <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_ for more information.
+This project is open for any contribution! Please see
+`CONTRIBUTING.rst <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_
+for more information.
 
 
 Disclaimer
 ----------
 
-None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the patterns or implementations.
-Its names are used only to maintain context.
+None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the
+patterns or implementations.
+Their names are used only to maintain context.

codecov.yml

@@ -8,5 +8,10 @@ coverage:
     changes: off
   range: "60...100"
 
-comment: off
+comment:
+  layout: " diff, flags, files"
+  behavior: default
+  require_changes: false  # if true: only post the comment if coverage changes
+  require_base: false        # [true :: must have a base report to post]
+  require_head: true       # [true :: must have a head report to post]
 

doc/capability_templates/capabilities-template-encoding.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{% for item in data.encodings %}
+{% set encoding = data.encodings[item] %}
+{% macro draw_with_underline(text, symbol='-') -%}
+{{ escape_rst(text) }}
+{{ escape_rst(text) | length * symbol }}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{{ '.. _encoding-label-' + item + ':' }}
+
+{{ draw_with_underline(encoding.name) }}
+
+{{ escape_rst(encoding.notes) }}
+
+Mapping Information
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+======================  ================================================================
+identifier              {{ escape_rst(item) }}
+Name                    {{ escape_rst(encoding.name|default('Unknown')) }}
+Iconv Name              {{ escape_rst(encoding.iconv|default('Unknown')) }}
+``python_encode`` Name  {{ escape_rst(encoding.python_encode|default('Unknown')) }}
+======================  ================================================================
+
+{% if encoding.data is defined %}
+{{ draw_with_underline('Code page data', symbol='^') }}
+{{ encoding.data }}
+{% endif %}
+{% endfor %}

doc/capability_templates/capabilities-template.jinja

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{% for item in data.profiles %}
+{% set printer = data.profiles[item] %}
+{% macro draw_with_underline(text, symbol='-') -%}
+{{ escape_rst(text) }}
+{{ escape_rst(text) | length * symbol }}
+{%- endmacro %}
+{% macro abort(error) %}
+{{ None['[ERROR] ' ~ error][0] }}
+{% endmacro %}
+{% macro fill_line(text, total, symbol=' ') -%}
+{%- if total < text|length -%}
+{{- abort("Line cannot be filled: must be longer") -}}
+{%- endif -%}
+{{- text + ((total - text|length ) * symbol ) -}}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{{ '.. _printer-label-' + item + ':' }}
+
+{{ draw_with_underline(printer.name) }}
+{{ escape_rst(printer.notes) }}
+
+You can select this profile in python-escpos with this identifier: ``{{ item }}``.
+(Set parameter to `profile='{{ item }}'`.)
+
+Basic information
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+======================  ================================================================
+Name                    {{ escape_rst(printer.name|default('Unknown')) }}
+Vendor                  {{ escape_rst(printer.vendor|default('Unknown')) }}
+Media width (mm)        {{ escape_rst(printer.media.width.mm|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+Media width (pixels)    {{ escape_rst(printer.media.width.pixels|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+DPI                     {{ escape_rst(printer.media.dpi|default('Unknown')|string) }}
+======================  ================================================================
+
+Fonts
+^^^^^
+
++------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
+| ID               | Name                         | Columns               |
++==================+==============================+=======================+
+{% for id in printer.fonts -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.fonts[id].name), 28) }} | {{ fill_line(printer.fonts[id].columns|string, 21) }} |
++------------------+------------------------------+-----------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Colors
+^^^^^^
+
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ID               | Color                                                          |
++==================+================================================================+
+{% for id in printer.colors -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.colors[id]), 62) }} |
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Feature support
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
++-----------------------------------+----------------------------+
+| Feature                           | Supported                  |
++===================================+============================+
+{% for feature in printer.features -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(feature), 33) }} | {{ fill_line(escape_rst(printer.features[feature]|string), 26) }} |
++-----------------------------------+----------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+
+Text code pages
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+| ID               | Encoding                                                       |
++==================+================================================================+
+{% for id in printer.codePages -%}
+| {{ fill_line(escape_rst(id), 16) }} | {{ fill_line(':ref:`encoding-label-'+printer.codePages[id]+'`', 62) }} |
++------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+{% endfor %}
+
+{% endfor %}

doc/conf.py

@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 
-import sys
 import os
-
+import sys
 from importlib.metadata import version as imp_version
 
 on_rtd = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS") == "True"
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
 # ones.
 extensions = [
     "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx_autodoc_typehints",
     "sphinx.ext.doctest",
     "sphinx.ext.todo",
     "sphinx.ext.coverage",
@@ -42,9 +42,15 @@ extensions = [
     "sphinx.ext.todo",
     "sphinx.ext.graphviz",
     "sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram",
+    "sphinx.ext.imgconverter",
+    "sphinxarg.ext",
+    "sphinxcontrib.datatemplates",
     "sphinxcontrib.spelling",
 ]
 
+# mock the following modules for autodoc
+autodoc_mock_imports = ["qrcode"]
+
 # supress warnings for external images
 suppress_warnings = [
     "image.nonlocal_uri",
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ suppress_warnings = [
 todo_include_todos = True
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ["_templates"]
+templates_path = ["_templates", "capability_templates"]
 
 # The suffix of source filenames.
 source_suffix = ".rst"
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
 project = "python-escpos"
-copyright = "2016, Manuel F Martinez and others"
+copyright = "2024, python-escpos developers"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@@ -121,13 +127,13 @@ pygments_style = "sphinx"
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 if on_rtd:
-    html_theme = "default"
+    html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+    print("recognized execution on RTD")
 else:
     try:
         import sphinx_rtd_theme
 
         html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
-        html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
     except ImportError:
         print("no sphinx_rtd_theme found, switching to nature")
         html_theme = "default"
@@ -137,6 +143,14 @@ else:
 # documentation.
 # html_theme_options = {}
 
+# Show a 'Edit on GitHub' link instead of 'View page source'
+html_context = {
+    "display_github": True,
+    "github_user": "python-escpos",
+    "github_repo": "python-escpos",
+    "github_version": "master/doc/",
+}
+
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
 # html_theme_path = []
 
@@ -222,6 +236,8 @@ latex_elements = {
     #'preamble': '',
 }
 
+latex_engine = "xelatex"
+
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
@@ -230,7 +246,7 @@ latex_documents = [
         "index",
         "python-escpos.tex",
         "python-escpos Documentation",
-        "Manuel F Martinez and others",
+        "python-escpos developers",
         "manual",
     ),
 ]
@@ -265,7 +281,7 @@ man_pages = [
         "index",
         "python-escpos",
         "python-escpos Documentation",
-        ["Manuel F Martinez and others"],
+        ["python-escpos developers"],
         1,
     )
 ]
@@ -284,7 +300,7 @@ texinfo_documents = [
         "index",
         "python-escpos",
         "python-escpos Documentation",
-        "Manuel F Martinez and others",
+        "python-escpos developers",
         "python-escpos",
         "One line description of project.",
         "Miscellaneous",
@@ -304,7 +320,19 @@ texinfo_documents = [
 # texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 
 # spellchecker
-spelling_ignore_pypi_package_names = True
+spelling_ignore_pypi_package_names = False
 spelling_ignore_wiki_words = True
 spelling_ignore_python_builtins = True
 spelling_ignore_importable_modules = True
+spelling_ignore_contributor_names = True
+spelling_word_list_filename = ["spelling_wordlist.txt", "../AUTHORS"]
+spelling_show_suggestions = True
+spelling_suggestion_limit = 3
+spelling_warning = True
+spelling_exclude_patterns = [
+    "**/capabilities.json",
+    "../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json",
+    "**/available-encodings.rst",
+    "**/available-profiles.rst",
+    "dev/todo.rst",
+]

doc/dev/release-process.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Release process
+===============
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+* Update authors file
+* Update changelog
+* Set annotated tag for release and push to public GitHub
+* Build wheel
+* Load wheel to PyPi
+* Prepare project for next release with an empty changelog entry

doc/dev/repository.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. _developer-manual-repository:
+
+Repository
+==========
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-09-05
+
+This project uses sub-projects and retrieves its versioning
+information from version control.
+Therefore it is crucial that you follow these rules when
+working with the project (e.g. for packaging a
+development version).
+
+* Make sure that the git project is complete. A call to git status for example should succeed.
+* Make sure that you have checked out all available sub-projects.
+* Proper initialization of submodules can be ensured with ``git submodule update --init --recursive``
+

doc/dev/todo.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-****
 TODO
-****
+====
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Open points and issues of the project are tracked in the GitHub issues.
 Some annotations still remain in the code and should be moved over time

doc/index.rst

@@ -5,8 +5,15 @@
 
 .. include:: ../README.rst
 
+#######
 Content
--------
+#######
+
+User Documentation
+==================
+
+This chapter describes the central points that
+are relevant to the user of this library.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
@@ -16,16 +23,46 @@ Content
    user/methods
    user/printers
    user/raspi
-   user/todo
    user/usage
+   user/cli-user
    user/barcode
 
+Printer profiles
+================
+
+This chapter gives a listing of the available
+printer profiles. Details are described in
+:ref:`capabilities-profile-intro`.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :caption: Printer profiles
+
+   printer_profiles/capabilities
+   printer_profiles/available-profiles
+   printer_profiles/available-encodings
+
+Developer Documentation
+=======================
+
+This chapter summarizes information for
+developers of this library.
+
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
    :caption: Developer Documentation
 
+   dev/release-process
    dev/contributing
+   dev/repository
    dev/changelog
+   dev/todo
+
+API Documentation
+=================
+
+This chapter contains an auto-generated
+documentation of the API of this library.
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
@@ -43,8 +80,9 @@ Content
    api/codepages
    api/katakana
 
+##################
 Indices and tables
-==================
+##################
 
 * :ref:`genindex`
 * :ref:`modindex`

doc/printer_profiles/available-encodings.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Available Encodings
+-------------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+If you find any issues with the described encodings,
+please open an issue in the
+`ESC/POS printer database <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
+The data shown here is directly taken from there.
+
+.. datatemplate:json:: ../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+   :template: capabilities-template-encoding.jinja

doc/printer_profiles/available-profiles.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+.. _available-profiles:
+
+Available Profiles
+------------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+The following list describes which printer profiles are
+available in this release.
+The existence of a profile is a hint, but no guarantee
+that this printer actually can be controlled by this library.
+
+If you find any issues with the described capabilities,
+please open an issue in the
+`ESC/POS printer database <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
+The data shown here is directly taken from there.
+
+.. datatemplate:json:: ../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+   :template: capabilities-template.jinja

doc/printer_profiles/capabilities.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.. _capabilities-profile-intro:
+
+Capabilities
+------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+Since the used command set often differs between printers,
+a model for supporting different printers is implemented.
+This feature is called `capabilities`.
+
+The `capabilities`-feature allows this library to know
+which features are supported.
+If no further information is specified, python-escpos will
+try to automatically use features based on the supplied information.
+
+In order to use the `capabilities`-database, the printer instance
+simply has to be created with the parameter `profile` set to the
+relevant identifier.
+The identifier can be found in :ref:`available-profiles`.
+
+This documentation describes the profiles in the database file that
+is bundled with this release.
+If another configuration is to be used, this chapter can be followed
+for information on how to side-load another `capabilities`-database:
+:ref:`advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile`.
+

doc/requirements.txt

@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@ pyusb
 Pillow>=2.0
 qrcode>=4.0
 pyserial
-sphinx-rtd-theme
+sphinx-rtd-theme==3.0.2
 setuptools
 setuptools-scm
 docutils>=0.12
-sphinxcontrib-spelling>=7.2.0
-python-barcode>=0.11.0,<1
+sphinxcontrib-spelling>=8.0.0
+python-barcode>=0.15.0,<1
 importlib-metadata
+importlib_resources
+sphinxcontrib.datatemplates
+sphinx-argparse
+sphinx-autodoc-typehints
+pycups

doc/spelling_wordlist.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,145 @@
-Raspbian
 ESC
+Esc
 POS
+Pos
 Escpos
 Escpos
+escpos
+
+bitImageColumn
+bitImageRaster
+ep
+pc
+cp
+
+csoft
+Frédéric
+Headcrash
+Krispy
+primax
+Tahri
+reck
+mrwunderbar
+zouppen
+kedare
+Foaly
+brendanhowell
+der
+fvdsn
+Marull
+Paretas
+Kakistocrat
+Billington
+patkan
+Romain
+Bougakov
+Yaisel
+Hurtado
+Wagenbach
+Poca
+Akram
+Vieira
+Christoph
+Heuel
+Thijs
+Triemstra
+Linder
+Romain
+Pulgarin
+Romain
+Cheng
+Dmytro
+Katyukha
+Elsdörfer
+Asuki
+Kono
+López
+mashedkeyboard
+Thijs
+Triemstra
+Elsdörfer
+Renato
+Lorenzi
+Bookham
+Goglin
+Christoph
+Heuel
+Qian
+Lehtonen
+Kanzler
+Rotondo
+Alexandre
+Detiste
+
+barcode
+barcodes
 baudrate
+Bashlinux
+capabilities
+cashdraw
+charcode
+changelog
+cheque
+codebase
+codecov
+codepages
+config
+del
+dev
+dialout
+docstring
+docstrings
+ean
+Ean
+encodable
+Errno
+fff
+formatter
+fullimage
+hw
+io
+img
+json
+latin
+libusb
+lp
 lsusb
+natively
+php
+pre
+prefilled
+preprocess
+preprocessing
+printcap
+programmatically
+py
+pypy
+pyserial
+pyusb
+pyyaml
+pywin
+px
+qrcode
+Raspbian
+readthedocs
+rebase
+rebased
+renderer
+resetted
+rst
+submodule
+submodules
+src
+testcases
+th
+Todo
+tox
+traceback
+udev
+usb
+USBTimeoutError
+usec
+virtualenvs
+viivakoodi
+whitespaces
+xml

doc/user/barcode.rst

@@ -1,17 +1,29 @@
 Printing Barcodes
 -----------------
-:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-31
 
-Most ESC/POS-printers implement barcode-printing.
-The barcode-commandset is implemented in the barcode-method.
-For a list of compatible barcodes you should check the manual of your printer.
-As a rule of thumb: even older Epson-models support most 1D-barcodes.
-To be sure just try some implementations and have a look at the notices below.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
+
+Many printers implement barcode printing natively.
+These hardware rendered barcodes are fast but the supported
+formats are limited by the printer itself and different between models.
+However, almost all printers support printing images, so barcode
+rendering can be performed externally by software and then sent
+to the printer as an image.
+As a drawback, this operation is much slower and the user needs
+to know and choose the image implementation method supported by
+the printer's command-set.
 
 barcode-method
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-The barcode-method is rather low-level and orients itself on the implementation of ESC/POS.
-In the future this class could be supplemented by a high-level class that helps the user generating the payload.
+Since version 3.0, the ``barcode`` method unifies the previous
+``barcode`` (hardware) and ``soft_barcode`` (software) methods.
+It is able to choose automatically the best printer implementation
+for barcode printing based on the capabilities of the printer
+and the type of barcode desired.
+To achieve this, it relies on the information contained in the
+escpos-printer-db profiles.
+The chosen profile needs to match the capabilities of the printer
+as closely as possible.
 
 .. py:currentmodule:: escpos.escpos
 
@@ -31,4 +43,5 @@ For alphanumeric CODE128 you have to preface your payload with `{B`.
    # print CODE128 012ABCDabcd
    p.barcode("{B012ABCDabcd", "CODE128", function_type="B")
 
-A very good description on CODE128 is also on `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.
+A very good description on CODE128 is also on
+`Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.

doc/user/cli-user.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CLI
+===
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-09-25
+
+Documentation of the command line interface, callable with ``python-escpos``.
+
+.. argparse::
+   :ref: escpos.cli.generate_parser
+   :prog: python-escpos

doc/user/installation.rst

@@ -1,25 +1,53 @@
-************
-Installation
-************
+.. _user_installation:
 
-:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-23
+Installation
+============
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Installation with PIP
 ---------------------
-Installation should be rather straight-forward. python-escpos is on PyPi, so you can simply enter:
+Installation should be rather straight-forward. python-escpos is on PyPi,
+so you can simply enter:
 
     ::
 
-        pip install python-escpos
+        pip install python-escpos[all]
 
-This should install all necessary dependencies. Apart from that python-escpos should also be
-available as a Debian package. If you want to always benefit from the newest stable releases you should probably
-install from PyPi.
+This should install all necessary dependencies. Apart from that
+python-escpos is for some versions also available as a Debian package.
+If you want to always benefit from the newest stable releases you should
+always install from PyPi.
+If you use the ``--pre`` parameter for ``pip``, you will get the latest
+pre-release.
+
+The following installation options exist:
+
+ * `all`: install all packages available for this platform
+ * `usb`: install packages required for USB printers
+ * `serial`: install packages required for serial printers
+ * `win32`: install packages required for win32 printing (only Windows)
+ * `cups`: install packages required for CUPS printing
+
+Other installation methods
+--------------------------
+Officially, no other installation methods are supplied.
+
+If you want to install nevertheless from another source,
+please make sure that you have received the correct package
+and that the capabilities data is properly integrated.
+When packaging from source please read the developer
+information in :ref:`developer-manual-repository`.
+
+If your packaging method breaks the resource system from setuptools,
+it might be necessary to supply the path to the capabilities file:
+:ref:`advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile`.
 
 Setup udev for USB-Printers
 ---------------------------
 1. Get the *Product ID* and *Vendor ID* from the lsusb command
-   ``# lsusb  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name``
+   ``# lsusb  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name``.
+   (Or whichever way your system supplies to get the PID and VID.)
 
 2. Create a udev rule to let users belonging to *dialout* group use the
    printer. You can create the file
@@ -35,7 +63,8 @@ Setup udev for USB-Printers
 
 Enabling tab-completion in CLI
 ------------------------------
-python-escpos has a CLI with tab-completion. This is realised with ``argcomplete``.
+python-escpos has a CLI with tab-completion.
+This is realized with ``argcomplete``.
 In order for this to work you have to enable tab-completion, which is described in
 the `manual of argcomplete <https://argcomplete.readthedocs.io>`__.
 

doc/user/methods.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-*******
 Methods
-*******
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
+=======
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
 Escpos class
 ------------
 
-The core part of this libraries API is the Escpos class.
+The core part of the API of this library is the Escpos class.
 You use it by instantiating a :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
 The following methods are available:
 

doc/user/printers.rst

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-********
 Printers
-********
-:Last Reviewed: 2022-11-25
+========
 
-As of now there are 7 different type of printer implementations.
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-23
+
+As of now there are 8 different types of printer implementations.
 
 USB
 ---
 The USB-class uses pyusb and libusb to communicate with USB-based
-printers. Note that this driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
-and similiar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
+printers.
+
+.. note::
+      This driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
+      and similar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Usb
     :members:
@@ -44,20 +47,24 @@ This driver is based on the socket class.
 
 Troubleshooting
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes. Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
-Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device. As a next step try to send text
-manually to the device. You could use for example:
+Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes.
+Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
+Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device.
+As a next step try to send text manually to the device.
+You could use for example:
 
     ::
 
             echo "OK\n" | nc IPADDRESS 9100
             # the port number is often 9100
 
-As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer. This should be described in its manual.
+As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer.
+This should be described in its manual.
 
 File
 ----
-This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
+This printer "prints" just into a file-handle.
+Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.File
       :members:
@@ -67,8 +74,8 @@ This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this
 
 Dummy
 -----
-The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes. It stores
-all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
+The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes.
+It stores all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Dummy
       :members:
@@ -82,7 +89,10 @@ Supports both local and remote CUPS printers and servers.
 The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
 The connector generates a print job that is added to the CUPS queue.
 
-.. todo:: fix import in documentation
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.CupsPrinter
+      :members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
 
 LP
 ----
@@ -91,10 +101,23 @@ Supports local and remote CUPS printers.
 The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
 The connector spawns a new sub-process where the command lp is executed.
 
-No dependencies required, but somehow the print queue will affect some print job such as barcode.
+No dependencies required, but somehow the print queue will affect some
+print job such as barcode.
 
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.LP
       :members:
       :special-members:
       :member-order: bysource
       :noindex:
+
+Win32Raw
+--------
+This driver uses a native WIN32 interface of Windows in order to print.
+Please refer to the code for documentation as this driver is currently
+not included in the documentation build.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Win32Raw
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:

doc/user/raspi.rst

@@ -1,42 +1,26 @@
-************
 Raspberry Pi
-************
+============
 
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-05
+:Last Reviewed: 2023-08-10
 
-This instructions were tested on Raspbian Jessie.
-
-.. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface (serial port) directly to
-    a Raspberry PI or similar interface (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing). Those interfaces are
-    based on 5V- or 3,3V-logic (the latter in the case of Raspberry PI). Classical RS232 uses 12V-logic and would
-    **thus destroy your interface**. Connect both systems with an appropriate *level shifter*.
-
-Dependencies
-------------
-First, install the packages available on Raspbian.
-
-::
-
-       sudo apt-get install python3 python3-setuptools python3-pip libjpeg8-dev
+.. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface
+    (serial port) directly to a Raspberry PI or similar interface
+    (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing).
+    Those interfaces are based on 5V- or 3,3V-logic
+    (the latter in the case of Raspberry PI).
+    Classical RS232 uses 12V-logic and would **thus destroy your interface**.
+    Connect both systems with an appropriate *level shifter*.
 
 Installation
 ------------
-You can install by using pip3.
-
-::
-
-    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
-    sudo pip3 install python-escpos
+The installation should be performed as described in :ref:`user_installation`.
 
 Run
 ---
-You need sudo and python3 to run your program.
+You can run this software as on any other Linux system.
 
-::
-
-    sudo python3 your-program.py
-
-Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
-You can find that in the `project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
+Attach your printer and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
+You can find that in the
+`project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
 
 For more details on this check the :doc:`installation-manual <installation>`.

doc/user/usage.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-*****
 Usage
-*****
-:Last Reviewed: 2017-06-10
+=====
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2025-02-16
 
 Define your printer
 -------------------
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ on a USB interface.
 
     from escpos import *
     """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
-    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202, profile="TM-T88IV")
     # Print text
     p.text("Hello World\n")
     # Print image
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ on a USB interface.
     # Print QR Code
     p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
     # Print barcode
-    p.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
+    p.barcode('4006381333931','EAN13',64,2,'','')
     # Cut paper
     p.cut()
 
@@ -142,11 +142,11 @@ format. For windows it is probably at::
 
     %appdata%/python-escpos/config.yaml
 
-And for linux::
+And for Linux::
 
     $HOME/.config/python-escpos/config.yaml
 
-If you aren't sure, run::
+If you are not sure, run::
 
     from escpos import config
     c = config.Config()
@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ An example file printer::
     printer:
             type: File
             devfile: /dev/someprinter
+            profile: TM-U220
 
 And for a network printer::
 
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ And for a network printer::
             type: Network
             host: 127.0.0.1
             port: 9000
+            profile: TM-U220
 
 An USB-printer could be defined by::
 
@@ -196,20 +198,31 @@ An USB-printer could be defined by::
             idProduct: 0x5678
             in_ep: 0x66
             out_ep: 0x01
+            profile: TM-U220
 
 Printing text right
 -------------------
 
-Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode.
+Python-escpos is designed to accept Unicode.
 
 For normal usage you can simply pass your text to the printers ``text()``-function. It will automatically guess
 the right code page and then send the encoded data to the printer. If this feature does not work, please try to
 isolate the error and then create an issue on the GitHub project page.
 
-If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage. For this please use the ``charcode()``-function. You can set
-any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``. If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
-After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore. You can revert to normal behaviour
-by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
+If you want or need to you can manually set the code page.
+For this please use the ``charcode()``-function.
+You can set any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``.
+If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
+After you have manually set the code page the printer won't change it anymore.
+You can revert to normal behavior by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
+
+Resolving bus timeout issues during printing images
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+If an error message such as "USBTimeoutError: [Errno 110] Operation timed out" occurs,
+setting a sleep time between printing fragments can help.
+
+This can be done with the :meth:`.set_sleep_in_fragment()` method.
 
 Advanced Usage: Print from binary blob
 --------------------------------------
@@ -238,8 +251,10 @@ Here you can download an example, that will print a set of common barcodes:
 
     * :download:`barcode.bin </download/barcode.bin>` by `@mike42 <https://github.com/mike42>`_
 
-Advanced Usage: change capabilities-profile
--------------------------------------------
+.. _advanced-usage-change-capabilities-profile:
+
+Advanced Usage: change where is the capabilities-profile
+--------------------------------------------------------
 
 Packaged together with the escpos-code is a capabilities-file. This file in
 JSON-format describes the capabilities of different printers. It is developed and hosted in

examples/barcodes.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
+"""Example for printing barcodes."""
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-
 # Adapt to your needs
-p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="TM-T88II")
 
 # Print software and then hardware barcode with the same content
-p.soft_barcode("code39", "123456")
+p.barcode("123456", "CODE39", width=2, force_software=True)
 p.text("\n")
 p.text("\n")
 p.barcode("123456", "CODE39")

examples/codepage_tables.py

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-"""Prints code page tables.
-"""
+"""Prints code page tables."""
 
 
-import six
 import sys
 
 from escpos import printer
 from escpos.constants import (
     CODEPAGE_CHANGE,
-    ESC,
-    CTL_LF,
-    CTL_FF,
     CTL_CR,
+    CTL_FF,
     CTL_HT,
+    CTL_LF,
     CTL_VT,
+    ESC,
 )
 
 
 def main():
+    """Init printer and print codepage tables."""
     dummy = printer.Dummy()
 
     dummy.hw("init")
@@ -34,9 +33,10 @@ def main():
 
 
 def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
+    """Print a code page."""
     if codepage.isdigit():
         codepage = int(codepage)
-        printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(codepage))
+        printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + bytes((codepage,)))
         printer._raw("after")
     else:
         printer.charcode(codepage)
@@ -45,18 +45,20 @@ def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
 
     # Table header
     printer.set(font="b")
-    printer._raw("  {}\n".format(sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))))
+    printer._raw(f"  {sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))}\n")
     printer.set()
 
     # The table
     for x in range(0, 16):
         # First column
         printer.set(font="b")
-        printer._raw("{} ".format(hex(x)[2:]))
+        printer._raw(f"{hex(x)[2:]} ")
         printer.set()
 
         for y in range(0, 16):
-            byte = six.int2byte(x * 16 + y)
+            byte = bytes(
+                (x * 16 + y),
+            )
 
             if byte in (ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT):
                 byte = " "

examples/docker-flask/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Use the official Python image as the base image
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+
+# Set the working directory
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy the requirements file
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+#Install the libcups library
+RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install libcups2-dev -y
+# Install the Python packages
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+RUN pip install python-escpos --pre
+
+# Install Git
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y git && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy the Flask app
+COPY app.py .
+
+# Expose the port the Flask app will run on
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+# Run the Flask app
+CMD ["python", "app.py"]

examples/docker-flask/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Simple example on how to use it inside a web service
+
+```
+docker build . -t escpos-web
+docker run --network=host -p 9999:9999 escpos
+```

examples/docker-flask/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""Example for a flask application."""
+from flask import Flask
+
+from escpos.printer import CupsPrinter
+
+# Initialize Flask app
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+
+@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
+def do_print():
+    """Print."""
+    # p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0e28, 0)
+    p = CupsPrinter(host="localhost", port=631, printer_name="TM-T20III")
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.cut()
+    p.close()
+    return "OK"
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app.run(debug=False, host="0.0.0.0", port=9999)

examples/docker-flask/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+platformdirs==4.3.8
+argcomplete==3.0.8
+blinker==1.6.2
+click==8.1.3
+Flask==2.3.2
+itsdangerous==2.1.2
+Jinja2==3.1.6
+MarkupSafe==2.1.2
+Pillow==10.3.0
+pycups==2.0.1
+pypng==0.20220715.0
+pyserial==3.5
+python-barcode==0.14.0
+python-escpos==3.0a9
+pyusb==1.2.1
+PyYAML==6.0
+qrcode==7.4.2
+six==1.16.0
+typing_extensions==4.5.0
+Werkzeug==3.0.6

examples/qr_code.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+"""Print example QR codes."""
 import sys
 
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
 
 def usage():
+    """Print information on usage."""
     print("usage: qr_code.py <content>")
 
 

examples/software_barcode.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+"""Example file for software barcodes."""
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-
 # Adapt to your needs
 p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 
 # Some software barcodes
-p.soft_barcode("code128", "Hello")
-p.soft_barcode("code39", "1234")
+p.barcode("Hello", "code128", width=2, force_software="bitImageRaster")
+p.barcode("1234", "code39", width=2, force_software=True)

examples/software_columns.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+""" Example for software_columns: Print text arranged into columns."""
+
+from escpos import printer
+
+p = printer.Dummy(profile="TM-U220")
+
+font = "a"
+p.set(font=font)
+
+# Default: Automatic column width given the characters per line of the printer.
+text_list = ["col1", "col2", "col3"]
+charsxline = p.profile.get_columns(font)
+p.software_columns(text_list=text_list, widths=charsxline, align="center")
+
+# Tuning some columns:
+text_list = ["col1", "col2", "col3"]
+widths = [5, 20]  # col1 = 5 chars width, col2 + col3 = 20 chars width
+align = ["left", "center"]  # col1 = left aligned, col2 + col3 = center aligned
+p.software_columns(text_list=text_list, widths=widths, align=align)
+
+# Tuning them all:
+text_list = ["col1", "col2", "col3"]
+widths = [5, 20, 15]
+align = ["left", "center", "right"]
+p.software_columns(text_list=text_list, widths=widths, align=align)

examples/weather.py

@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
+"""Weather forecast example.
+
+Adapted script from Adafruit
+Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
+Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
+forecasts for next two days.
+Weather example using nice bitmaps.
+Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
+Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
+
+Icons taken from https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
+Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
+"""
 
 
-# Adapted script from Adafruit
-# Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
-# Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
-# forecasts for next two days.
-# Weather example using nice bitmaps.
-# Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
-# Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
-
-# Icons taken from https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
-# Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
-
-
-from datetime import datetime
 import calendar
-import urllib
 import json
-import time
 import os
+import time
+from datetime import datetime
+from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 
-""" Setting up the main pathing """
+"""Set up the main pathing."""
 this_dir, this_filename = os.path.split(__file__)
 GRAPHICS_PATH = os.path.join(this_dir, "graphics/climacons/")
 
@@ -38,13 +39,14 @@ LONG = "114.189945"  # Your Location
 
 
 def forecast_icon(idx):
+    """Get right icon for forecast."""
     icon = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["icon"]
     image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
     return image
 
 
-# Dumps one forecast line to the printer
 def forecast(idx):
+    """Dump one forecast line to the printer."""
     date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data["daily"]["data"][idx]["time"]))
     day = calendar.day_name[date.weekday()]
     lo = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["temperatureMin"]
@@ -67,12 +69,13 @@ def forecast(idx):
     printer.text(" high " + str(hi))
     printer.text(deg)
     printer.text("\n")
-    # take care of pesky unicode dash
+    # take care of pesky Unicode dash
     printer.text(cond.replace("\u2013", "-").encode("utf-8"))
     printer.text("\n \n")
 
 
 def icon():
+    """Get icon."""
     icon = data["currently"]["icon"]
     image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
     return image
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ url = (
     + LONG
     + "?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si"
 )  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
-response = urllib.urlopen(url)
+response = urlopen(url)
 data = json.loads(response.read())
 
 printer.print_and_feed(n=1)

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,27 @@
 [tool.black]
 extend-exclude = 'capabilities-data'
 
+[tool.isort]
+profile = "black"
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+minversion = "6.0"
+addopts = "--doctest-modules --cov escpos --cov-report=xml"
+testpaths = [
+    "test",
+    "src",
+    "src/escpos",
+    "escpos",
+]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = ["pytest",
+          "jaconv",
+          "scripttest",
+          "barcode.*",
+          "qrcode",
+          "usb.*",
+          "cups",
+          "win32print"
+         ]
+ignore_missing_imports = true

readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-formats:
-  - pdf
-  - epub
-requirements_file: doc/requirements.txt
-python:
-  version: 3
-  setup_py_install: true

setup.cfg

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ name = python-escpos
 url = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos
 description = Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
 long_description = file: README.rst
+long_description_content_type = text/x-rst
 license = MIT
 license_file = LICENSE
-author = Manuel F Martinez and others
+author = python-escpos developers
 author_email = dev@pkanzler.de
 maintainer = Patrick Kanzler
 maintainer_email = dev@pkanzler.de
@@ -18,11 +19,12 @@ classifiers =
     Operating System :: OS Independent
     Programming Language :: Python
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
     Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
     Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
     Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale
@@ -32,41 +34,48 @@ project_urls =
     Release Notes = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/releases
 
 [options]
-python_requires = >=3.6
+python_requires = >=3.8
 zip_safe = false
 include_package_data = true
 install_requires =
-    pyusb>=1.0.0
     Pillow>=2.0
     qrcode>=4.0
-    pyserial
-    python-barcode>=0.9.1,<1
+    python-barcode>=0.15.0,<1
     setuptools
     six
-    appdirs
+    platformdirs
     PyYAML
-    argparse
     argcomplete
-    future
+    importlib_resources
 setup_requires = setuptools_scm
 tests_require =
     jaconv
-    tox
-    pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0
+    tox>=4.11
+    pytest>=7.4
     pytest-cov
     pytest-mock
-    nose
     scripttest
     mock
-    hypothesis>4
+    hypothesis>=6.83
     flake8
-    sphinxcontrib-spelling>=7.2.0
+    sphinxcontrib-spelling>=8.0.0
 
-[nosetests]
-verbosity=3
-with-doctest=1
+[options.extras_require]
+usb =
+    pyusb>=1.0.0
+serial =
+    pyserial
+cups =
+    pycups; platform_system!='Windows'
+win32 =
+    pywin32; platform_system=='Windows'
+all =
+    pyusb>=1.0.0
+    pyserial
+    pycups; platform_system!='Windows'
+    pywin32; platform_system=='Windows'
 
 [flake8]
-exclude = .git,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
+exclude = .git,.venv,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
 max-line-length = 120
-# future-imports = absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals  # we are not there yet
+extend-ignore = E203, W503

setup.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Setup script for python package."""
 
 import os
 import sys
-from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
 base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 src_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, "src")
@@ -14,14 +15,18 @@ sys.path.insert(0, src_dir)
 
 
 def read(fname):
-    """read file from same path as setup.py"""
+    """Read file from same path as setup.py."""
     return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
 
 
 setuptools_scm_template = """\
-# coding: utf-8
-# file generated by setuptools_scm
-# don't change, don't track in version control
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+\"\"\"Version identifier.
+
+file generated by setuptools_scm
+don't change, don't track in version control
+\"\"\"
 
 version = '{version}'
 """

src/escpos/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""
-python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers
-"""
+"""python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers."""
 
-__all__ = ["constants", "escpos", "exceptions", "printer"]
+__all__ = ["constants", "escpos", "exceptions", "printer", "__version__"]
 
 try:
     from .version import version as __version__  # noqa

src/escpos/capabilities.py

@@ -1,29 +1,31 @@
-import re
-from os import environ, path
-import pkg_resources
-import pickle
+"""Handler for capabilities data."""
+import atexit
 import logging
+import pickle
+import platform
+import re
 import time
+from contextlib import ExitStack
+from os import environ, path
+from tempfile import mkdtemp
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Type
 
-import six
+import importlib_resources
 import yaml
 
-from tempfile import gettempdir
-import platform
-
-from typing import Any, Dict
-
+if environ.get("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_DEBUG", 0):
     logging.basicConfig()
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-pickle_dir = environ.get("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR", gettempdir())
-pickle_path = path.join(
-    pickle_dir, "{v}.capabilities.pickle".format(v=platform.python_version())
-)
-# get a temporary file from pkg_resources if no file is specified in env
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+pickle_dir = environ.get("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR", mkdtemp())
+pickle_path = path.join(pickle_dir, f"{platform.python_version()}.capabilities.pickle")
+# get a temporary file from importlib_resources if no file is specified in env
+file_manager = ExitStack()
+atexit.register(file_manager.close)
+ref = importlib_resources.files(__name__) / "capabilities.json"
 capabilities_path = environ.get(
     "ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE",
-    pkg_resources.resource_filename(__name__, "capabilities.json"),
+    file_manager.enter_context(importlib_resources.as_file(ref)),
 )
 
 # Load external printer database
@@ -46,18 +48,43 @@ if full_load:
     logger.debug("Loading and pickling capabilities")
     with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, "wb") as pp:
         CAPABILITIES = yaml.safe_load(cp)
+        if not CAPABILITIES:
+            # yaml could not be loaded
+            print(
+                f"Capabilities yaml from {capabilities_path} could not be loaded.\n"
+                "This python package seems to be broken. If it has been installed "
+                "from official sources, please report an issue on GitHub.\n"
+                "Currently loaded capabilities:\n"
+                f"{CAPABILITIES}"
+            )
+            CAPABILITIES = {
+                "profiles": {
+                    "default": {
+                        "name": "BrokenDefault",
+                        "notes": "The integrated capabilities file could not be found and has been replaced.",
+                        "codePages": {"0": "Broken"},
+                        "features": {},
+                    },
+                },
+                "encodings": {
+                    "Broken": {
+                        "name": "Broken",
+                        "notes": "The configuration is broken.",
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+            print(
+                "Created a minimal backup profile, "
+                "many functionalities of the library will not work:\n"
+                f"{CAPABILITIES}"
+            )
         pickle.dump(CAPABILITIES, pp, protocol=2)
 
 logger.debug("Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs", time.time() - t0)
 
 
-PROFILES: Dict[str, Any] = CAPABILITIES["profiles"]
-
-
 class NotSupported(Exception):
-    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the
-    printer profile.
-    """
+    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the printer profile."""
 
     pass
 
@@ -65,7 +92,7 @@ class NotSupported(Exception):
 BARCODE_B = "barcodeB"
 
 
-class BaseProfile(object):
+class BaseProfile:
     """This represents a printer profile.
 
     A printer profile knows about the number of columns, supported
@@ -75,36 +102,39 @@ class BaseProfile(object):
     profile_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     def __getattr__(self, name):
+        """Get a data element from the profile."""
         return self.profile_data[name]
 
     def get_font(self, font) -> int:
-        """Return the escpos index for `font`. Makes sure that
-        the requested `font` is valid.
+        """Return the escpos index for `font`.
+
+        Makes sure that the requested `font` is valid.
         """
         font = {"a": 0, "b": 1}.get(font, font)
-        if not six.text_type(font) in self.fonts:
-            raise NotSupported(
-                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font)
-            )
+        if not str(font) in self.fonts:
+            raise NotSupported(f'"{font}" is not a valid font in the current profile')
         return font
 
-    def get_columns(self, font):
+    def get_columns(self, font) -> int:
         """Return the number of columns for the given font."""
         font = self.get_font(font)
-        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]["columns"]
+        columns = self.fonts[str(font)]["columns"]
+        assert type(columns) is int
+        return columns
 
-    def supports(self, feature):
+    def supports(self, feature) -> bool:
         """Return true/false for the given feature."""
         return self.features.get(feature)
 
-    def get_code_pages(self):
+    def get_code_pages(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
         """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict."""
         return {v: k for k, v in self.codePages.items()}
 
 
-def get_profile(name: str = None, **kwargs):
-    """Get the profile by name; if no name is given, return the
-    default profile.
+def get_profile(name: Optional[str] = None, **kwargs):
+    """Get a profile by name.
+
+    If no name is given, return the default profile.
     """
     if isinstance(name, Profile):
         return name
@@ -116,21 +146,25 @@ def get_profile(name: str = None, **kwargs):
 CLASS_CACHE = {}
 
 
-def get_profile_class(name: str):
-    """For the given profile name, load the data from the external
+def get_profile_class(name: str) -> Type[BaseProfile]:
+    """Load a profile class.
+
+    For the given profile name, load the data from the external
     database, then generate dynamically a class.
     """
     if name not in CLASS_CACHE:
-        profile_data = PROFILES[name]
+        profiles: Dict[str, Any] = CAPABILITIES["profiles"]
+        profile_data = profiles[name]
         profile_name = clean(name)
-        class_name = "{}{}Profile".format(profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
+        class_name = f"{profile_name[0].upper()}{profile_name[1:]}Profile"
         new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {"profile_data": profile_data})
         CLASS_CACHE[name] = new_class
 
     return CLASS_CACHE[name]
 
 
-def clean(s):
+def clean(s: str) -> str:
+    """Clean profile name."""
     # Remove invalid characters
     s = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "", s)
     # Remove leading characters until we find a letter or underscore
@@ -138,18 +172,25 @@ def clean(s):
     return str(s)
 
 
-class Profile(get_profile_class("default")):
-    """
-    For users, who want to provide their profile
+# mute the mypy type issue with this dynamic base class function for now (: Any)
+ProfileBaseClass: Any = get_profile_class("default")
+
+
+class Profile(ProfileBaseClass):
+    """Profile class for user usage.
+
+    For users, who want to provide their own profile.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, columns=None, features=None):
+    def __init__(self, columns: Optional[int] = None, features=None) -> None:
+        """Initialize profile."""
         super(Profile, self).__init__()
 
         self.columns = columns
         self.features = features or {}
 
-    def get_columns(self, font):
+    def get_columns(self, font) -> int:
+        """Get column count of printer."""
         if self.columns is not None:
             return self.columns
 

src/escpos/cli.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
-""" CLI
+"""CLI.
 
 This module acts as a command line interface for python-escpos. It mirrors
 closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convenience.
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ It requires you to have a configuration file. See documentation for details.
 
 """
 
-
 import argparse
+import platform
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
 
 try:
     import argcomplete
@@ -18,15 +19,18 @@ except ImportError:
     # this CLI works nevertheless without argcomplete
     pass  # noqa
 import sys
-import six
-from . import config
+
+from . import config, escpos
+from . import printer as escpos_printer_module
 from . import version
 
 
 # Must be defined before it's used in DEMO_FUNCTIONS
-def str_to_bool(string):
-    """Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
-    bool instead of always True
+def str_to_bool(string: str) -> bool:
+    """Convert string to bool.
+
+    Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
+    bool instead of always True.
     """
     return string.lower() in ("y", "yes", "1", "true")
 
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
     "barcodes_a": [
         {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576"},
         {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435"},
-        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "1324354657687"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "4006381333931"},
         {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354"},
         {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST"},
         {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103"},
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
     "barcodes_b": [
         {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576", "function_type": "B"},
         {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435", "function_type": "B"},
-        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "1324354657687", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "4006381333931", "function_type": "B"},
         {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354", "function_type": "B"},
         {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
         {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103", "function_type": "B"},
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
 # parser: A dict of args for command_parsers.add_parser
 # defaults: A dict of args for subparser.set_defaults
 # arguments: A list of dicts of args for subparser.add_argument
-ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
+ESCPOS_COMMANDS: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [
     {
         "parser": {
             "name": "qr",
@@ -161,6 +165,11 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
                 "help": "ESCPOS function type",
                 "choices": ["A", "B"],
             },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--force_software",),
+                "help": "Force render and print barcode as an image",
+                "choices": ["graphics", "bitImageColumn", "bitImageRaster"],
+            },
         ],
     },
     {
@@ -200,6 +209,38 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
             },
         ],
     },
+    {
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "software_columns",
+            "help": "Print a list of texts arranged into columns",
+        },
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "software_columns",
+        },
+        "arguments": [
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--text_list",),
+                "help": "list of texts to print",
+                "nargs": "+",
+                "type": str,
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--widths",),
+                "help": "list of column widths",
+                "nargs": "+",
+                "type": int,
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--align",),
+                "help": "list of column alignments",
+                "nargs": "+",
+                "type": str,
+                "required": True,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
     {
         "parser": {
             "name": "cut",
@@ -289,7 +330,7 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
             },
             {
                 "option_strings": ("--histeq",),
-                "help": "Equalize the histrogram",
+                "help": "Equalize the histogram",
                 "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
@@ -332,7 +373,7 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
             {
                 "option_strings": ("--font",),
                 "help": "Font choice",
-                "choices": ["left", "center", "right"],
+                "choices": ["A", "B"],
             },
             {
                 "option_strings": ("--text_type",),
@@ -446,17 +487,42 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
 ]
 
 
-def main():
-    """
+def print_extended_information() -> None:
+    """Print diagnostic information for bug reports."""
+    print(f"* python-escpos version: `{version.version}`")
+    print(
+        f"* python version: `{platform.python_implementation()} v{platform.python_version()}`"
+    )
+    print(f"* platform: `{platform.platform()}`")
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `USB` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Usb.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `File` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.File.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Network` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Network.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Serial` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Serial.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(f"* printer driver `LP` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.LP.is_usable()}`")
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Dummy` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Dummy.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `CupsPrinter` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.CupsPrinter.is_usable()}`"
+    )
+    print(
+        f"* printer driver `Win32Raw` is usable: `{escpos_printer_module.Win32Raw.is_usable()}`"
+    )
 
-    Handles loading of configuration and creating and processing of command
-    line arguments. Called when run from a CLI.
-
-    """
 
+def generate_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    """Generate an argparse parser."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="CLI for python-escpos",
-        epilog="Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config"
+        epilog="Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos configuration "
         "file. See documentation for details.",
     )
 
@@ -514,10 +580,27 @@ def main():
     )
 
     parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser(
-        "version", help="Print the version of python-escpos"
+        "version", help="Print the version information of python-escpos"
     )
     parser_command_version.set_defaults(version=True)
 
+    parser_command_version_extended = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "version_extended",
+        help="Print the extended version information of python-escpos (for bug reports)",
+    )
+    parser_command_version_extended.set_defaults(version_extended=True)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Handle main entry point of CLI script.
+
+    Handles loading of configuration and creating and processing of command
+    line arguments. Called when run from a CLI.
+    """
+    parser = generate_parser()
+
     # hook in argcomplete
     if "argcomplete" in globals():
         argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
@@ -527,9 +610,7 @@ def main():
     if not args_dict:
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit()
-    command_arguments = dict(
-        [k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None
-    )
+    command_arguments = dict([k, v] for k, v in args_dict.items() if v is not None)
 
     # If version should be printed, do this, then exit
     print_version = command_arguments.pop("version", None)
@@ -537,6 +618,11 @@ def main():
         print(version.version)
         sys.exit()
 
+    print_version_extended = command_arguments.pop("version_extended", None)
+    if print_version_extended:
+        print_extended_information()
+        sys.exit()
+
     # If there was a config path passed, grab it
     config_path = command_arguments.pop("config", None)
 
@@ -563,9 +649,10 @@ def main():
         globals()[target_command](**command_arguments)
 
 
-def demo(printer, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Prints demos. Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
+def demo(printer: escpos.Escpos, **kwargs) -> None:
+    """Print demos.
+
+    Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
     uses the DEMO_FUNCTIONS dictionary.
 
     :param printer: A printer from escpos.printer

src/escpos/codepages.py

@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
+"""Helper module for code page handling."""
 from .capabilities import CAPABILITIES
 
 
 class CodePageManager:
-    """Holds information about all the code pages (as defined
-    in escpos-printer-db).
+    """Holds information about all the code pages.
+
+    Information as defined in escpos-printer-db.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, data):
+        """Initialize code page manager."""
         self.data = data
 
-    def get_all(self):
-        return self.data.values()
-
     @staticmethod
     def get_encoding_name(encoding):
-        # TODO resolve the encoding alias
+        """Get encoding name.
+
+        .. todo:: Resolve the encoding alias.
+        """
         return encoding.upper()
 
     def get_encoding(self, encoding):
+        """Return the encoding data."""
         return self.data[encoding]
 
 

src/escpos/config.py

@@ -1,29 +1,27 @@
 """ESC/POS configuration manager.
 
 This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
-
 """
-
-
 import os
-import appdirs
+import pathlib
+
+import platformdirs
 import yaml
 
-from . import printer
-from . import exceptions
+from . import exceptions, printer
 
 
-class Config(object):
+class Config:
     """Configuration handler class.
 
-    This class loads configuration from a default or specificed directory. It
+    This class loads configuration from a default or specified directory. It
     can create your defined printer and return it to you.
     """
 
     _app_name = "python-escpos"
     _config_file = "config.yaml"
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
         """Initialize configuration.
 
         Remember to add anything that needs to be reset between configurations
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ class Config(object):
         self._printer_name = None
         self._printer_config = None
 
-    def _reset_config(self):
+    def _reset_config(self) -> None:
         """Clear the loaded configuration.
 
         If we are loading a changed config, we don't want to have leftover
@@ -48,58 +46,62 @@ class Config(object):
         self._printer_config = None
 
     def load(self, config_path=None):
-        """Load and parse the configuration file using pyyaml
+        """Load and parse the configuration file using pyyaml.
 
         :param config_path: An optional file path, file handle, or byte string
             for the configuration file.
-
         """
-
         self._reset_config()
 
         if not config_path:
             config_path = os.path.join(
-                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name), self._config_file
+                platformdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name), self._config_file
             )
+        if isinstance(config_path, pathlib.Path):
+            # store string if posixpath
+            config_path = config_path.as_posix()
+        if not os.path.isfile(config_path):
+            # supplied path is not a file --> assume default file
+            config_path = os.path.join(config_path, self._config_file)
 
         try:
-            # First check if it's file like. If it is, pyyaml can load it.
-            # I'm checking type instead of catching exceptions to keep the
-            # exception handling simple
-            if hasattr(config_path, "read"):
-                config = yaml.safe_load(config_path)
-            else:
-                # If it isn't, it's a path. We have to open it first, otherwise
-                # pyyaml will try to read it as yaml
             with open(config_path, "rb") as config_file:
                 config = yaml.safe_load(config_file)
         except EnvironmentError:
             raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError(
-                "Couldn't read config at {config_path}".format(
-                    config_path=str(config_path),
-                )
+                f"Couldn't read config at {config_path}"
             )
         except yaml.YAMLError:
             raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError("Error parsing YAML")
 
         if "printer" in config:
             self._printer_config = config["printer"]
-            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop("type").title()
+            printer_name = self._printer_config.pop("type")
+            class_names = {
+                "usb": "Usb",
+                "serial": "Serial",
+                "network": "Network",
+                "file": "File",
+                "dummy": "Dummy",
+                "cupsprinter": "CupsPrinter",
+                "lp": "LP",
+                "win32raw": "Win32Raw",
+            }
+            self._printer_name = class_names.get(printer_name.lower(), printer_name)
 
             if not self._printer_name or not hasattr(printer, self._printer_name):
                 raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError(
-                    'Printer type "{printer_name}" is invalid'.format(
-                        printer_name=self._printer_name,
-                    )
+                    f'Printer type "{self._printer_name}" is invalid'
                 )
 
         self._has_loaded = True
 
     def printer(self):
-        """Returns a printer that was defined in the config, or throws an
-        exception.
+        """Return a printer that was defined in the config.
 
-        This method loads the default config if one hasn't beeen already loaded.
+        Throw an exception on error.
+
+        This method loads the default config if one has not been already loaded.
 
         """
         if not self._has_loaded:

src/escpos/constants.py

@@ -1,50 +1,54 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """ Set of ESC/POS Commands (Constants)
 
-This module contains constants that are described in the esc/pos-documentation.
-Since there is no definitive and unified specification for all esc/pos-like printers the constants could later be
+This module contains constants that are described in the Esc/Pos-documentation.
+Since there is no definitive and unified specification for all Esc/Pos-like printers the constants could later be
 moved to `capabilities` as in `escpos-php by @mike42 <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
 
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:author: python-escpos developers
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
 :license: MIT
 """
 
 
+from typing import Dict
+
 import six
 
+from .types import ConstTxtStyleClass
+
 # Control characters
 # as labelled in https://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
-NUL = b"\x00"
-EOT = b"\x04"
-ENQ = b"\x05"
-DLE = b"\x10"
-DC4 = b"\x14"
-CAN = b"\x18"
-ESC = b"\x1b"
-FS = b"\x1c"
-GS = b"\x1d"
+NUL: bytes = b"\x00"
+EOT: bytes = b"\x04"
+ENQ: bytes = b"\x05"
+DLE: bytes = b"\x10"
+DC4: bytes = b"\x14"
+CAN: bytes = b"\x18"
+ESC: bytes = b"\x1b"
+FS: bytes = b"\x1c"
+GS: bytes = b"\x1d"
 
 # Feed control sequences
-CTL_LF = b"\n"  # Print and line feed
-CTL_FF = b"\f"  # Form feed
-CTL_CR = b"\r"  # Carriage return
-CTL_HT = b"\t"  # Horizontal tab
-CTL_SET_HT = ESC + b"\x44"  # Set horizontal tab positions
-CTL_VT = b"\v"  # Vertical tab
+CTL_LF: bytes = b"\n"  #: Print and line feed
+CTL_FF: bytes = b"\f"  #: Form feed
+CTL_CR: bytes = b"\r"  #: Carriage return
+CTL_HT: bytes = b"\t"  #: Horizontal tab
+CTL_SET_HT: bytes = ESC + b"\x44"  #: Set horizontal tab positions
+CTL_VT: bytes = b"\v"  #: Vertical tab
 
 # Printer hardware
-HW_INIT = ESC + b"@"  # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
-HW_SELECT = ESC + b"=\x01"  # Printer select
+HW_INIT: bytes = ESC + b"@"  # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
+HW_SELECT: bytes = ESC + b"=\x01"  # Printer select
 
-HW_RESET = ESC + b"\x3f\x0a\x00"  # Reset printer hardware
+HW_RESET: bytes = ESC + b"\x3f\x0a\x00"  # Reset printer hardware
 # (TODO: Where is this specified?)
 
 # Cash Drawer (ESC p <pin> <on time: 2*ms> <off time: 2*ms>)
-_CASH_DRAWER = (
-    lambda m, t1="", t2="": ESC + b"p" + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
-)
+_CASH_DRAWER = lambda m, t1="", t2="": ESC + b"p" + m + bytes((t1, t2))
+
+#: decimal cash drawer kick sequence
 CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = (
     lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc)
     + six.int2byte(p)
@@ -52,50 +56,55 @@ CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = (
     + six.int2byte(t1)
     + six.int2byte(t2)
 )
-CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x00", 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
-CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x01", 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+#: Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
+CD_KICK_2: bytes = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x00", 50, 50)
+#: Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+CD_KICK_5: bytes = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x01", 50, 50)
 
 # Paper Cutter
 _CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b"V" + m
-PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x00")  # Full cut paper
-PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x01")  # Partial cut paper
+PAPER_FULL_CUT: bytes = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x00")  #: Full cut paper
+PAPER_PART_CUT: bytes = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x01")  #: Partial cut paper
 
 # Beep (please note that the actual beep sequence may differ between devices)
-BEEP = b"\x07"
+BEEP: bytes = b"\x07"
+
+# Internal buzzer (only supported printers)
+BUZZER: bytes = ESC + b"\x42"
 
 # Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
 _PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b"c5" + six.int2byte(n)
-PANEL_BUTTON_ON = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
-PANEL_BUTTON_OFF = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
+PANEL_BUTTON_ON: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
+PANEL_BUTTON_OFF: bytes = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
 
 # Line display printing
-LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN = ESC + b"\x3d\x02"
-LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR = ESC + b"\x40"
-LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE = ESC + b"\x3d\x01"
+LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN: bytes = ESC + b"\x3d\x02"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR: bytes = ESC + b"\x40"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE: bytes = ESC + b"\x3d\x01"
 
 # Sheet modes
-SHEET_SLIP_MODE = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x04"  # slip paper
-SHEET_ROLL_MODE = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x01"  # paper roll
+SHEET_SLIP_MODE: bytes = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x04"  # slip paper
+SHEET_ROLL_MODE: bytes = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x01"  # paper roll
 
 # Slip specific codes
-SLIP_EJECT = ESC + b"\x4b\xc0"  # Eject the slip or cheque
-SLIP_SELECT = FS  # Select the slip station as default station
-SLIP_SET_WAIT_TIME = (
+SLIP_EJECT: bytes = ESC + b"\x4b\xc0"  # Eject the slip or cheque
+SLIP_SELECT: bytes = FS  # Select the slip station as default station
+SLIP_SET_WAIT_TIME: bytes = (
     ESC + b"\x1b\x66"
 )  # Set timeout waiting for a slip/cheque to be inserted
-SLIP_PRINT_AND_EJECT = (
+SLIP_PRINT_AND_EJECT: bytes = (
     b"\x0c"  # Print the buffer and eject (after waiting for the paper to be inserted)
 )
 
 # Text format
 # TODO: Acquire the "ESC/POS Application Programming Guide for Paper Roll
 #       Printers" and tidy up this stuff too.
-TXT_SIZE = GS + b"!"
+TXT_SIZE: bytes = GS + b"!"
 
-TXT_NORMAL = ESC + b"!\x00"  # Normal text
+TXT_NORMAL: bytes = ESC + b"!\x00"  # Normal text
 
-
-TXT_STYLE = {
+#: text style dictionary for :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.set`
+TXT_STYLE: ConstTxtStyleClass = {
     "bold": {
         False: ESC + b"\x45\x00",  # Bold font OFF
         True: ESC + b"\x45\x01",  # Bold font ON
@@ -168,34 +177,34 @@ TXT_STYLE = {
 
 # Fonts
 SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b"\x4d" + n
-TXT_FONT_A = SET_FONT(b"\x00")  # Font type A
-TXT_FONT_B = SET_FONT(b"\x01")  # Font type B
+TXT_FONT_A: bytes = SET_FONT(b"\x00")  #: Font type A
+TXT_FONT_B: bytes = SET_FONT(b"\x01")  #: Font type B
 
 # Spacing
 LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b"2"
-LINESPACING_FUNCS = {
+LINESPACING_FUNCS: Dict[int, bytes] = {
     60: ESC + b"A",  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
     360: ESC + b"+",  # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
     180: ESC + b"3",  # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
 }
 
-# Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
-# the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
-CODEPAGE_CHANGE = ESC + b"\x74"
+#: Prefix to change the code page. You need to attach a byte to indicate
+#: the code page to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
+CODEPAGE_CHANGE: bytes = ESC + b"\x74"
 
 # Barcode format
 _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b"H" + n
-BARCODE_TXT_OFF = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x00")  # HRI barcode chars OFF
-BARCODE_TXT_ABV = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x01")  # HRI barcode chars above
-BARCODE_TXT_BLW = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x02")  # HRI barcode chars below
-BARCODE_TXT_BTH = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x03")  # HRI both above and below
+BARCODE_TXT_OFF: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x00")  #: HRI barcode chars OFF
+BARCODE_TXT_ABV: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x01")  #: HRI barcode chars above
+BARCODE_TXT_BLW: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x02")  #: HRI barcode chars below
+BARCODE_TXT_BTH: bytes = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x03")  #: HRI both above and below
 
 _SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b"f" + n
-BARCODE_FONT_A = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x00")  # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
-BARCODE_FONT_B = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x01")  # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
+BARCODE_FONT_A: bytes = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x00")  #: Font type A for HRI barcode chars
+BARCODE_FONT_B: bytes = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x01")  #: Font type B for HRI barcode chars
 
-BARCODE_HEIGHT = GS + b"h"  # Barcode Height [1-255]
-BARCODE_WIDTH = GS + b"w"  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
+BARCODE_HEIGHT: bytes = GS + b"h"  #: Barcode Height [1-255]
+BARCODE_WIDTH: bytes = GS + b"w"  #: Barcode Width  [2-6]
 
 # NOTE: This isn't actually an ESC/POS command. It's the common prefix to the
 #      two "print bar code" commands:
@@ -204,8 +213,8 @@ BARCODE_WIDTH = GS + b"w"  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
 #      The latter command supports more barcode types
 _SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b"k" + six.int2byte(m)
 
-# Barcodes for printing function type A
-BARCODE_TYPE_A = {
+#: Barcodes for printing function type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_A: Dict[str, bytes] = {
     "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
     "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
     "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
@@ -216,9 +225,9 @@ BARCODE_TYPE_A = {
     "CODABAR": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
 }
 
-# Barcodes for printing function type B
-# The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
-BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
+#: Barcodes for printing function type B
+#: The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_B: Dict[str, bytes] = {
     "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
     "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
     "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
@@ -236,57 +245,61 @@ BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
     "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
 }
 
+#: supported barcode formats
 BARCODE_FORMATS = {
-    "UPC-A": ([(11, 12)], "^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
-    "UPC-E": ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], "^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
-    "EAN13": ([(12, 13)], "^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
-    "EAN8": ([(7, 8)], "^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
-    "CODE39": ([(1, 255)], "^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
-    "ITF": ([(2, 255)], "^([0-9]{2})+$"),
-    "NW7": ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
-    "CODABAR": ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
-    "CODE93": ([(1, 255)], "^[\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
-    "CODE128": ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
-    "GS1-128": ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),  # same as CODE128
-    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": ([(13, 13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),
-    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": ([(13, 13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),  # same as GS1 omnidirectional
-    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": ([(13, 13)], "^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
+    "UPC-A": ([(11, 12)], r"^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
+    "UPC-E": ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], r"^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
+    "EAN13": ([(12, 13)], r"^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
+    "EAN8": ([(7, 8)], r"^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
+    "CODE39": ([(1, 255)], r"^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
+    "ITF": ([(2, 255)], r"^([0-9]{2})+$"),
+    "NW7": ([(1, 255)], r"^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
+    "CODABAR": ([(1, 255)], r"^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
+    "CODE93": ([(1, 255)], r"^[\x00-\x7F]+$"),
+    "CODE128": ([(2, 255)], r"^\{[A-C][\x00-\x7F]+$"),
+    "GS1-128": ([(2, 255)], r"^\{[A-C][\x00-\x7F]+$"),  # same as CODE128
+    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": ([(13, 13)], r"^[0-9]{13}$"),
+    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": (
+        [(13, 13)],
+        r"^[0-9]{13}$",
+    ),  # same as GS1 omnidirectional
+    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": ([(13, 13)], r"^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
     "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": (
         [(2, 255)],
-        "^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$",
+        r"^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$",
     ),
 }
 
-BARCODE_TYPES = {
+BARCODE_TYPES: Dict[str, Dict[str, bytes]] = {
     "A": BARCODE_TYPE_A,
     "B": BARCODE_TYPE_B,
 }
 
 # QRCode error correction levels
-QR_ECLEVEL_L = 0
-QR_ECLEVEL_M = 1
-QR_ECLEVEL_Q = 2
-QR_ECLEVEL_H = 3
+QR_ECLEVEL_L: int = 0
+QR_ECLEVEL_M: int = 1
+QR_ECLEVEL_Q: int = 2
+QR_ECLEVEL_H: int = 3
 
 # QRcode models
-QR_MODEL_1 = 1
-QR_MODEL_2 = 2
-QR_MICRO = 3
+QR_MODEL_1: int = 1
+QR_MODEL_2: int = 2
+QR_MICRO: int = 3
 
 # Image format
 # NOTE: _PRINT_RASTER_IMG is the obsolete ESC/POS "print raster bit image"
 #       command. The constants include a fragment of the data's header.
 _PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b"v0" + data
-S_RASTER_N = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x00")  # Set raster image normal size
-S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x01")  # Set raster image double width
-S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x02")  # Set raster image double height
-S_RASTER_Q = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x03")  # Set raster image quadruple
+S_RASTER_N: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x00")  # Set raster image normal size
+S_RASTER_2W: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x01")  # Set raster image double width
+S_RASTER_2H: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x02")  # Set raster image double height
+S_RASTER_Q: bytes = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x03")  # Set raster image quadruple
 
 # Status Command
-RT_STATUS = DLE + EOT
-RT_STATUS_ONLINE = RT_STATUS + b"\x01"
-RT_STATUS_PAPER = RT_STATUS + b"\x04"
-RT_MASK_ONLINE = 8
-RT_MASK_PAPER = 18
-RT_MASK_LOWPAPER = 30
-RT_MASK_NOPAPER = 114
+RT_STATUS: bytes = DLE + EOT
+RT_STATUS_ONLINE: bytes = RT_STATUS + b"\x01"
+RT_STATUS_PAPER: bytes = RT_STATUS + b"\x04"
+RT_MASK_ONLINE: int = 8
+RT_MASK_PAPER: int = 18
+RT_MASK_LOWPAPER: int = 30
+RT_MASK_NOPAPER: int = 114

src/escpos/exceptions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" ESC/POS Exceptions classes
+"""ESC/POS Exceptions classes.
 
 Result/Exit codes:
 
@@ -13,30 +13,42 @@ Result/Exit codes:
     - `60` = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
     - `70` = Invalid number of tab positions :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
     - `80` = Invalid char code :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError`
-    - `90` = USB device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
+    - `90` = Device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+    - `91` = USB device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
     - `100` = Set variable out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.SetVariableError`
     - `200` = Configuration not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError`
     - `210` = Configuration syntax error :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError`
     - `220` = Configuration section not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError`
 
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:author: python-escpos developers
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
 :license: MIT
 """
 
+from typing import Optional
+
 
 class Error(Exception):
-    """Base class for ESC/POS errors"""
+    """Base class for ESC/POS errors.
 
-    def __init__(self, msg, status=None):
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.Error
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str, status: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
+        """Initialize Error object."""
         Exception.__init__(self)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 1
         if status is not None:
             self.resultcode = status
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of Error."""
         return self.msg
 
 
@@ -46,15 +58,23 @@ class BarcodeTypeError(Error):
     This exception indicates that no known barcode-type has been entered. The barcode-type has to be
     one of those specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
     The returned error code is `10`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize BarcodeTypeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 10
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "No Barcode type is defined ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeTypeError."""
+        return f"No Barcode type is defined ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
@@ -63,15 +83,23 @@ class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
     This exception indicates that the values for the barcode size are out of range.
     The size of the barcode has to be in the range that is specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
     The resulting return code is `20`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize BarcodeSizeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 20
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Barcode size is out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeSizeError."""
+        return f"Barcode size is out of range ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
@@ -80,47 +108,69 @@ class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
     No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode` or the the `check` parameter
     was True and the check failed.
     The return code for this exception is `30`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize BarcodeCodeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 30
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "No Barcode code was supplied ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of BarcodeCodeError."""
+        return f"No Barcode code was supplied ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class ImageSizeError(Error):
     """Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed.
 
     The return code for this exception is `40`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ImageSizeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize ImageSizeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 40
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(
-            msg=self.msg
-        )
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of ImageSizeError."""
+        return f"Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class ImageWidthError(Error):
     """Image width is too large.
 
     The return code for this exception is `41`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ImageWidthError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize ImageWidthError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 41
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Image width is too large ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of ImageWidthError."""
+        return f"Image width is too large ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class TextError(Error):
@@ -128,17 +178,23 @@ class TextError(Error):
 
     This exception is raised when an empty string is passed to :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.text`.
     The return code for this exception is `50`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.TextError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize TextError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 50
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})".format(
-            msg=self.msg
-        )
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of TextError."""
+        return f"Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class CashDrawerError(Error):
@@ -146,130 +202,218 @@ class CashDrawerError(Error):
 
     A valid pin number has to be passed onto the method :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.cashdraw`.
     The return code for this exception is `60`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize CashDrawerError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 60
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of CashDrawerError."""
+        return f"Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class TabPosError(Error):
-    """Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
+    """Tab position is invalid.
+
+    Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
     Both values multiplied must not exceed 255, since it is the maximum tab value.
 
     This exception is raised by :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.control`.
     The return code for this exception is `70`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.TabPosError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize TabPosError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 70
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})".format(
-            msg=self.msg
-        )
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of TabPosError."""
+        return f"Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class CharCodeError(Error):
     """Valid char code must be set.
 
     The supplied charcode-name in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.charcode` is unknown.
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `80`.
+    The return code for this exception is `80`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize CharCodeError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 80
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid char code must be set ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of CharCodeError."""
+        return f"Valid char code must be set ({self.msg})"
 
 
-class USBNotFoundError(Error):
-    """Device wasn't found (probably not plugged in)
+class DeviceNotFoundError(Error):
+    """Device was not found.
+
+    The device seems to be not accessible.
+    The return code for this exception is `90`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.Error
+        :parts: 1
 
-    The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `90`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize DeviceNotFoundError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 90
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "USB device not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of DeviceNotFoundError."""
+        return f"Device not found ({self.msg})"
+
+
+class USBNotFoundError(DeviceNotFoundError):
+    """USB device was not found (probably not plugged in).
+
+    The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
+    The return code for this exception is `91`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize USBNotFoundError object."""
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 91
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of USBNotFoundError."""
+        return f"USB device not found ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class SetVariableError(Error):
-    """A set method variable was out of range
+    """A set method variable was out of range.
 
     Check set variables against minimum and maximum values
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `100`.
+    The return code for this exception is `100`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.SetVariableError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize SetVariableError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 100
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Set variable out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of SetVariableError."""
+        return f"Set variable out of range ({self.msg})"
 
 
 # Configuration errors
 
 
 class ConfigNotFoundError(Error):
-    """The configuration file was not found
+    """The configuration file was not found.
 
     The default or passed configuration file could not be read
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `200`.
+    The return code for this exception is `200`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize ConfigNotFoundError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 200
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Configuration not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of ConfigNotFoundError."""
+        return f"Configuration not found ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class ConfigSyntaxError(Error):
-    """The configuration file is invalid
+    """The configuration file is invalid.
 
     The syntax is incorrect
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `210`.
+    The return code for this exception is `210`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError
+        :parts: 1
+
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize ConfigSyntaxError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 210
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Configuration syntax is invalid ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of ConfigSyntaxError."""
+        return f"Configuration syntax is invalid ({self.msg})"
 
 
 class ConfigSectionMissingError(Error):
-    """The configuration file is missing a section
+    """The configuration file is missing a section.
+
+    The part of the config asked for does not exist in the loaded configuration
+    The return code for this exception is `220`.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError
+        :parts: 1
 
-    The part of the config asked for doesn't exist in the loaded configuration
-    Ths returncode for this exception is `220`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+    def __init__(self, msg: str = "") -> None:
+        """Initialize ConfigSectionMissingError object."""
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 220
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Configuration section is missing ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return string representation of ConfigSectionMissingError."""
+        return f"Configuration section is missing ({self.msg})"

src/escpos/image.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-""" Image format handling class
+"""Image format handling class.
 
 This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 
 
 import math
+from typing import Iterator, Union
+
 from PIL import Image, ImageOps
 
 
-class EscposImage(object):
+class EscposImage:
     """
     Load images in, and output ESC/POS formats.
 
@@ -21,9 +23,8 @@ class EscposImage(object):
     PIL, rather than spend CPU cycles looping over pixels.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, img_source):
-        """
-        Load in an image
+    def __init__(self, img_source: Union[Image.Image, str]) -> None:
+        """Load in an image.
 
         :param img_source: PIL.Image, or filename to load one from.
         """
@@ -48,31 +49,24 @@ class EscposImage(object):
         self._im = im.convert("1")
 
     @property
-    def width(self):
-        """
-        Width of image in pixels
-        """
+    def width(self) -> int:
+        """Return width of image in pixels."""
         width_pixels, _ = self._im.size
         return width_pixels
 
     @property
-    def width_bytes(self):
-        """
-        Width of image if you use 8 pixels per byte and 0-pad at the end.
-        """
+    def width_bytes(self) -> int:
+        """Return width of image if you use 8 pixels per byte and 0-pad at the end."""
         return (self.width + 7) >> 3
 
     @property
-    def height(self):
-        """
-        Height of image in pixels
-        """
+    def height(self) -> int:
+        """Height of image in pixels."""
         _, height_pixels = self._im.size
         return height_pixels
 
-    def to_column_format(self, high_density_vertical=True):
-        """
-        Extract slices of an image as equal-sized blobs of column-format data.
+    def to_column_format(self, high_density_vertical: bool = True) -> Iterator[bytes]:
+        """Extract slices of an image as equal-sized blobs of column-format data.
 
         :param high_density_vertical: Printed line height in dots
         """
@@ -88,15 +82,12 @@ class EscposImage(object):
             yield (im_bytes)
             left += line_height
 
-    def to_raster_format(self):
-        """
-        Convert image to raster-format binary
-        """
+    def to_raster_format(self) -> bytes:
+        """Convert image to raster-format binary."""
         return self._im.tobytes()
 
-    def split(self, fragment_height):
-        """
-        Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels
+    def split(self, fragment_height: int):
+        """Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels.
 
         :param fragment_height: height of fragment
         :return: list of PIL objects
@@ -112,8 +103,8 @@ class EscposImage(object):
             fragments.append(self.img_original.crop(box))
         return fragments
 
-    def center(self, max_width):
-        """In-place image centering
+    def center(self, max_width: int) -> None:
+        """Center image in place.
 
         :param: Maximum width in order to deduce x offset for centering
         :return: None

src/escpos/katakana.py

@@ -4,14 +4,17 @@
 I doubt that this currently works correctly.
 """
 
+import types
+import typing
 
+jaconv: typing.Optional[types.ModuleType]
 try:
     import jaconv
 except ImportError:
     jaconv = None
 
 
-def encode_katakana(text):
+def encode_katakana(text: str) -> bytes:
     """I don't think this quite works yet."""
     encoded = []
     for char in text:

src/escpos/magicencode.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" Magic Encode
+"""Magic Encode.
 
 This module tries to convert an UTF-8 string to an encoded string for the printer.
 It uses trial and error in order to guess the right code page.
@@ -13,64 +13,63 @@ The code is based on the encoding-code in py-xml-escpos by @fvdsn.
 """
 
 
+import re
 from builtins import bytes
+
+import six
+
+from .codepages import CodePages
 from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
 from .exceptions import Error
-from .codepages import CodePages
-import six
-import re
 
 
-class Encoder(object):
-    """Takes a list of available code spaces. Picks the right one for a
-    given character.
+class Encoder:
+    """Take available code spaces and pick the right one for a given character.
 
     Note: To determine the code page, it needs to do the conversion, and
     thus already knows what the final byte in the target encoding would
-    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class doesn't return the byte.
+    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class does not return the byte.
 
     The caller use to do the character conversion itself.
-
-        $ python -m timeit -s "{u'ö':'a'}.get(u'ö')"
-        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0133 usec per loop
-
-        $ python -m timeit -s "u'ö'.encode('latin1')"
-        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0141 usec per loop
     """
 
     def __init__(self, codepage_map):
+        """Initialize encoder."""
         self.codepages = codepage_map
         self.available_encodings = set(codepage_map.keys())
         self.available_characters = {}
         self.used_encodings = set()
 
     def get_sequence(self, encoding):
+        """Get a sequence."""
         return int(self.codepages[encoding])
 
     def get_encoding_name(self, encoding):
-        """Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
+        """Return a canonical encoding name.
+
+        Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
         canonical encoding name; and also validate that the encoding
         is supported.
 
-        TODO: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
+        .. todo:: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
         """
         encoding = CodePages.get_encoding_name(encoding)
         if encoding not in self.codepages:
             raise ValueError(
                 (
-                    'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
-                    "Valid encodings are: {}"
-                ).format(encoding, ",".join(self.codepages.keys()))
+                    f'Encoding "{encoding}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
+                    f'Valid encodings are: {",".join(self.codepages.keys())}'
+                )
             )
         return encoding
 
     @staticmethod
     def _get_codepage_char_list(encoding):
-        """Get codepage character list
+        """Get code page character list.
 
         Gets characters 128-255 for a given code page, as an array.
 
-        :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the CodePage list
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the code page list
         """
         codepage = CodePages.get_encoding(encoding)
         if "data" in codepage:
@@ -89,10 +88,10 @@ class Encoder(object):
                     # Non-encodable character, just skip it
                     pass
             return encodable_chars
-        raise LookupError("Can't find a known encoding for {}".format(encoding))
+        raise LookupError(f"Can't find a known encoding for {encoding}")
 
     def _get_codepage_char_map(self, encoding):
-        """Get codepage character map
+        """Get code page character map.
 
         Process an encoding and return a map of UTF-characters to code points
         in this encoding.
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
         return codepage_char_map
 
     def can_encode(self, encoding, char):
-        """Determine if a character is encodeable in the given code page.
+        """Determine if a character is encodable in the given code page.
 
         :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
         :param char: The character to attempt to encode.
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _encode_char(char, charmap, defaultchar):
-        """Encode a single character with the given encoding map
+        """Encode a single character with the given encoding map.
 
         :param char: char to encode
         :param charmap: dictionary for mapping characters in this code page
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ class Encoder(object):
         return ord(defaultchar)
 
     def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar="?"):
-        """Encode text under the given encoding
+        """Encode text under the given encoding.
 
         :param text: Text to encode
         :param encoding: Encoding name to use (must be defined in capabilities)
@@ -156,15 +155,18 @@ class Encoder(object):
 
     def __encoding_sort_func(self, item):
         key, index = item
-        return (key in self.used_encodings, index)
+        used = key in self.used_encodings
+        return (not used, index)
 
     def find_suitable_encoding(self, char):
-        """The order of our search is a specific one:
+        """Search in a specific order for a suitable encoding.
+
+        It is the following order:
 
         1. code pages that we already tried before; there is a good
            chance they might work again, reducing the search space,
            and by re-using already used encodings we might also
-           reduce the number of codepage change instructiosn we have
+           reduce the number of code page change instruction we have
            to send. Still, any performance gains will presumably be
            fairly minor.
 
@@ -184,7 +186,9 @@ class Encoder(object):
 
 
 def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
-    """Splits off as many characters from the beginning of text as
+    """Split up the writable text.
+
+    Splits off as many characters from the beginning of text as
     are writable with "encoding". Returns a 2-tuple (writable, rest).
     """
     if not encoding:
@@ -198,8 +202,10 @@ def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
     return text, None
 
 
-class MagicEncode(object):
-    """A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
+class MagicEncode:
+    """Help switching to the right code page.
+
+    A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
     code page to encode any given Unicode character.
 
     This will consider the printers supported codepages, according
@@ -213,7 +219,7 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
     def __init__(
         self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False, defaultsymbol="?", encoder=None
     ):
-        """
+        """Initialize magic encode.
 
         :param driver:
         :param encoding: If you know the current encoding of the printer
@@ -235,7 +241,7 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
         self.disabled = disabled
 
     def force_encoding(self, encoding):
-        """Sets a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
+        """Set a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
 
         From now one, this buffer will switch the code page anymore.
         However, it will still keep track of the current code page.
@@ -248,7 +254,6 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
 
     def write(self, text):
         """Write the text, automatically switching encodings."""
-
         if self.disabled:
             self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, text)
             return
@@ -277,17 +282,19 @@ class MagicEncode(object):
                 self.write_with_encoding(encoding, to_write)
 
     def _handle_character_failed(self, char):
-        """Called when no codepage was found to render a character."""
+        """Write a default symbol.
+
+        Called when no code page was found to render a character.
+        """
         # Writing the default symbol via write() allows us to avoid
         # unnecesary code page switches.
         self.write(self.defaultsymbol)
 
     def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
-        if text is not None and type(text) is not six.text_type:
+        """Write the text and inject necessary code page switches."""
+        if text is not None and type(text) is not str:
             raise Error(
-                "The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.".format(
-                    type=type(text)
-                )
+                f"The supplied text has to be Unicode, but is of type {type(text)}."
             )
 
         # We always know the current code page; if the new code page

src/escpos/printer.py

@@ -1,602 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-""" This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Escpos`.
-
-:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
-:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: MIT
-"""
-
-
-import os
-import socket
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-import serial
-import usb.core
-import usb.util
-
-from .escpos import Escpos
-from .exceptions import USBNotFoundError
-
-_WIN32PRINT = False
-try:
-    import win32print
-
-    _WIN32PRINT = True
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-_CUPSPRINT = False
-try:
-    import cups
-    import tempfile
-
-    _CUPSPRINT = True
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
-
-class Usb(Escpos):
-    """USB printer
-
-    This class describes a printer that natively speaks USB.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Usb
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        idVendor,
-        idProduct,
-        usb_args=None,
-        timeout=0,
-        in_ep=0x82,
-        out_ep=0x01,
-        *args,
-        **kwargs
-    ):  # noqa: N803
-        """
-        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
-        :param idProduct: Product ID
-        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
-        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
-        :param in_ep: Input end point
-        :param out_ep: Output end point
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.in_ep = in_ep
-        self.out_ep = out_ep
-
-        usb_args = usb_args or {}
-        if idVendor:
-            usb_args["idVendor"] = idVendor
-        if idProduct:
-            usb_args["idProduct"] = idProduct
-        self.open(usb_args)
-
-    def open(self, usb_args):
-        """Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
-
-        :param usb_args: USB arguments
-        """
-        self.device = usb.core.find(**usb_args)
-        if self.device is None:
-            raise USBNotFoundError("Device not found or cable not plugged in.")
-
-        self.idVendor = self.device.idVendor
-        self.idProduct = self.device.idProduct
-
-        # pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
-        # only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
-        # and detach_kernel_driver().
-        # This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
-        if self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
-            check_driver = None
-
-            try:
-                check_driver = self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0)
-            except NotImplementedError:
-                pass
-
-            if check_driver is None or check_driver:
-                try:
-                    self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
-                except NotImplementedError:
-                    pass
-                except usb.core.USBError as e:
-                    if check_driver is not None:
-                        print("Could not detatch kernel driver: {0}".format(str(e)))
-
-        try:
-            self.device.set_configuration()
-            self.device.reset()
-        except usb.core.USBError as e:
-            print("Could not set configuration: {0}".format(str(e)))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller."""
-        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Release USB interface"""
-        if self.device:
-            usb.util.dispose_resources(self.device)
-        self.device = None
-
-
-class Serial(Escpos):
-    """Serial printer
-
-    This class describes a printer that is connected by serial interface.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Serial
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        devfile="/dev/ttyS0",
-        baudrate=9600,
-        bytesize=8,
-        timeout=1,
-        parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
-        stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
-        xonxoff=False,
-        dsrdtr=True,
-        *args,
-        **kwargs
-    ):
-        """
-
-        :param devfile:  Device file under dev filesystem
-        :param baudrate: Baud rate for serial transmission
-        :param bytesize: Serial buffer size
-        :param timeout:  Read/Write timeout
-        :param parity:   Parity checking
-        :param stopbits: Number of stop bits
-        :param xonxoff:  Software flow control
-        :param dsrdtr:   Hardware flow control (False to enable RTS/CTS)
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.devfile = devfile
-        self.baudrate = baudrate
-        self.bytesize = bytesize
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.parity = parity
-        self.stopbits = stopbits
-        self.xonxoff = xonxoff
-        self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr
-
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """Setup serial port and set is as escpos device"""
-        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
-            self.close()
-        self.device = serial.Serial(
-            port=self.devfile,
-            baudrate=self.baudrate,
-            bytesize=self.bytesize,
-            parity=self.parity,
-            stopbits=self.stopbits,
-            timeout=self.timeout,
-            xonxoff=self.xonxoff,
-            dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr,
-        )
-
-        if self.device is not None:
-            print("Serial printer enabled")
-        else:
-            print("Unable to open serial printer on: {0}".format(str(self.devfile)))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(msg)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller."""
-        return self.device.read(16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close Serial interface"""
-        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
-            self.device.flush()
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class Network(Escpos):
-    """Network printer
-
-    This class is used to attach to a networked printer. You can also use this in order to attach to a printer that
-    is forwarded with ``socat``.
-
-    If you have a local printer on parallel port ``/dev/usb/lp0`` then you could start ``socat`` with:
-
-    .. code-block:: none
-
-        socat -u TCP4-LISTEN:4242,reuseaddr,fork OPEN:/dev/usb/lp0
-
-    Then you should be able to attach to port ``4242`` with this class.
-    Otherwise the normal usecase would be to have a printer with ethernet interface. This type of printer should
-    work the same with this class. For the address of the printer check its manuals.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Network
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, host, port=9100, timeout=60, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-
-        :param host:    Printer's hostname or IP address
-        :param port:    Port to write to
-        :param timeout: timeout in seconds for the socket-library
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.timeout = timeout
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """Open TCP socket with ``socket``-library and set it as escpos device"""
-        self.device = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        self.device.settimeout(self.timeout)
-        self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print("Could not open socket for {0}".format(self.host))
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.sendall(msg)
-
-    def _read(self):
-        """Read data from the TCP socket"""
-
-        return self.device.recv(16)
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close TCP connection"""
-        if self.device is not None:
-            try:
-                self.device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
-            except socket.error:
-                pass
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class File(Escpos):
-    """Generic file printer
-
-    This class is used for parallel port printer or other printers that are directly attached to the filesystem.
-    Note that you should stay away from using USB-to-Parallel-Adapter since they are unreliable
-    and produce arbitrary errors.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.File
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", auto_flush=True, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-
-        :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
-        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
-        """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.devfile = devfile
-        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
-        self.open()
-
-    def open(self):
-        """Open system file"""
-        self.device = open(self.devfile, "wb")
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print("Could not open the specified file {0}".format(self.devfile))
-
-    def flush(self):
-        """Flush printing content"""
-        self.device.flush()
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self.device.write(msg)
-        if self.auto_flush:
-            self.flush()
-
-    def close(self):
-        """Close system file"""
-        if self.device is not None:
-            self.device.flush()
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-class Dummy(Escpos):
-    """Dummy printer
-
-    This class is used for saving commands to a variable, for use in situations where
-    there is no need to send commands to an actual printer. This includes
-    generating print jobs for later use, or testing output.
-
-    inheritance:
-
-    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Dummy
-        :parts: 1
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """ """
-        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self._output_list = []
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-        :type msg: bytes
-        """
-        self._output_list.append(msg)
-
-    @property
-    def output(self):
-        """Get the data that was sent to this printer"""
-        return b"".join(self._output_list)
-
-    def clear(self):
-        """Clear the buffer of the printer
-
-        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
-        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
-        """
-        del self._output_list[:]
-
-    def close(self):
-        pass
-
-
-if _WIN32PRINT:
-
-    class Win32Raw(Escpos):
-        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
-            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            if printer_name is not None:
-                self.printer_name = printer_name
-            else:
-                self.printer_name = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
-            self.hPrinter = None
-            self.open()
-
-        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
-            if self.printer_name is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer not found")
-            self.hPrinter = win32print.OpenPrinter(self.printer_name)
-            self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(
-                self.hPrinter, 1, (job_name, None, "RAW")
-            )
-            win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-
-        def close(self):
-            if not self.hPrinter:
-                return
-            win32print.EndPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            win32print.EndDocPrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            win32print.ClosePrinter(self.hPrinter)
-            self.hPrinter = None
-
-        def _raw(self, msg):
-            """Print any command sent in raw format
-
-            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-            :type msg: bytes
-            """
-            if self.printer_name is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer not found")
-            if self.hPrinter is None:
-                raise Exception("Printer job not opened")
-            win32print.WritePrinter(self.hPrinter, msg)
-
-
-if _CUPSPRINT:
-
-    class CupsPrinter(Escpos):
-        """Simple CUPS printer connector.
-
-        .. note::
-                Requires _pycups_ which in turn needs the cups development library package:
-                - Ubuntu/Debian: _libcups2-dev_
-                - OpenSuse/Fedora: _cups-devel_
-        """
-
-        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
-            """CupsPrinter class constructor.
-
-            :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
-            :type printer_name: str
-            :param host: CUPS server host/ip (Optional)
-            :type host: str
-            :param port: CUPS server port (Optional)
-            :type port: int
-            """
-            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            host, port = args or (
-                kwargs.get("host", cups.getServer()),
-                kwargs.get("port", cups.getPort()),
-            )
-            cups.setServer(host)
-            cups.setPort(port)
-            self.conn = cups.Connection()
-            self.tmpfile = None
-            self.printer_name = printer_name
-            self.job_name = ""
-            self.pending_job = False
-            self.open()
-
-        @property
-        def printers(self):
-            """Available CUPS printers."""
-            return self.conn.getPrinters()
-
-        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
-            """Setup a new print job and target printer.
-
-            A call to this method is required to send new jobs to
-            the same CUPS connection.
-
-            Defaults to default CUPS printer.
-            Creates a new temporary file buffer.
-            """
-            self.job_name = job_name
-            if self.printer_name not in self.printers:
-                self.printer_name = self.conn.getDefault()
-            self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
-
-        def _raw(self, msg):
-            """Append any command sent in raw format to temporary file
-
-            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-            :type msg: bytes
-            """
-            self.pending_job = True
-            try:
-                self.tmpfile.write(msg)
-            except ValueError:
-                self.pending_job = False
-                raise ValueError("Printer job not opened")
-
-        def send(self):
-            """Send the print job to the printer."""
-            if self.pending_job:
-                # Rewind tempfile
-                self.tmpfile.seek(0)
-                # Print temporary file via CUPS printer.
-                self.conn.printFile(
-                    self.printer_name,
-                    self.tmpfile.name,
-                    self.job_name,
-                    {"document-format": cups.CUPS_FORMAT_RAW},
-                )
-            self._clear()
-
-        def _clear(self):
-            """Finish the print job.
-
-            Remove temporary file.
-            """
-            self.tmpfile.close()
-            self.pending_job = False
-
-        def _read(self):
-            """Return a single-item array with the accepting state of the print queue.
-
-            states: idle = [3], printing a job = [4], stopped = [5]
-            """
-            printer = self.printers.get(self.printer_name, {})
-            state = printer.get("printer-state")
-            if not state:
-                return []
-            return [state]
-
-        def close(self):
-            """Close CUPS connection.
-
-            Send pending job to the printer if needed.
-            """
-            if self.pending_job:
-                self.send()
-            if self.conn:
-                print("Closing CUPS connection to printer {}".format(self.printer_name))
-                self.conn = None
-
-
-if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
-
-    class LP(Escpos):
-        """Simple UNIX lp command raw printing.
-
-        Thanks to `Oyami-Srk comment <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/pull/348#issuecomment-549558316>`_.
-        """
-
-        def __init__(self, printer_name: str, *args, **kwargs):
-            """LP class constructor.
-
-            :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
-            :type printer_name: str
-            :param auto_flush: Automatic flush after every _raw() (Optional)
-            :type auto_flush: bool
-            """
-            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-            self.printer_name = printer_name
-            self.auto_flush = kwargs.get("auto_flush", True)
-            self.open()
-
-        def open(self):
-            """Invoke _lp_ in a new subprocess and wait for commands."""
-            self.lp = subprocess.Popen(
-                ["lp", "-d", self.printer_name, "-o", "raw"],
-                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-                stdout=open(os.devnull, "w"),
-            )
-
-        def close(self):
-            """Stop the subprocess."""
-            self.lp.terminate()
-
-        def flush(self):
-            """End line and wait for new commands"""
-            if self.lp.stdin.writable():
-                self.lp.stdin.write(b"\n")
-            if self.lp.stdin.closed is False:
-                self.lp.stdin.close()
-            self.lp.wait()
-            self.open()
-
-        def _raw(self, msg):
-            """Write raw command(s) to the printer.
-
-            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
-            :type msg: bytes
-            """
-            if self.lp.stdin.writable():
-                self.lp.stdin.write(msg)
-            else:
-                raise Exception("Not a valid pipe for lp process")
-            if self.auto_flush:
-                self.flush()

src/escpos/printer/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""printer implementations."""
+
+from .cups import CupsPrinter
+from .dummy import Dummy
+from .file import File
+from .lp import LP
+from .network import Network
+from .serial import Serial
+from .usb import Usb
+from .win32raw import Win32Raw
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Usb",
+    "File",
+    "Network",
+    "Serial",
+    "LP",
+    "Dummy",
+    "CupsPrinter",
+    "Win32Raw",
+]

src/escpos/printer/cups.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the CupsPrinter printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import tempfile
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the pycups dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.CupsPrinter`)
+_DEP_PYCUPS = False
+
+try:
+    import cups
+
+    _DEP_PYCUPS = True
+    # Store server defaults before further configuration
+    DEFAULT_HOST = cups.getServer()
+    DEFAULT_PORT = cups.getPort()
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+# TODO: dev build mode that let's the wrapper bypass?
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_PYCUPS:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_pycups(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on pycups."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if pycups is not imported."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with PyCups requires the pycups library to "
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on "
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for pycups."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class CupsPrinter(Escpos):
+    """Simple CUPS printer connector.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        Requires ``pycups`` which in turn needs the cups development library package:
+            - Ubuntu/Debian: ``libcups2-dev``
+            - OpenSuse/Fedora: ``cups-devel``
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.CupsPrinter
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_pycups
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Class constructor for CupsPrinter.
+
+        :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+        :param host: CUPS server host/ip (Optional)
+        :type host: str
+        :param port: CUPS server port (Optional)
+        :type port: int
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host, self.port = args or (
+            kwargs.get("host", DEFAULT_HOST),
+            kwargs.get("port", DEFAULT_PORT),
+        )
+        self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.job_name = ""
+        self.pending_job = False
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False], Literal[None], Type[cups.Connection]
+        ] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available CUPS printers."""
+        if self.device:
+            return self.device.getPrinters()
+        return {}
+
+    def open(
+        self, job_name: str = "python-escpos", raise_not_found: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        """Set up a new print job and target the printer.
+
+        A call to this method is required to send new jobs to
+        the CUPS connection after close.
+
+        Defaults to default CUPS printer.
+        Creates a new temporary file buffer.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        cups.setServer(self.host)
+        cups.setPort(self.port)
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        if self.tmpfile.closed:
+            self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[Type[cups.Connection]] = cups.Connection()
+            if self.device:
+                # Name validation, set default if no given name
+                self.printer_name = self.printer_name or self.device.getDefault()
+                assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+        except (RuntimeError, AssertionError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error(
+                    "CupsPrinter printing %s not available", self.printer_name
+                )
+                return
+        logging.info("CupsPrinter printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Append any command sent in raw format to temporary file.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        self.pending_job = True
+        try:
+            self.tmpfile.write(msg)
+        except TypeError:
+            self.pending_job = False
+            raise TypeError("Bytes required. Printer job not opened")
+
+    def send(self) -> None:
+        """Send the print job to the printer."""
+        assert self.device
+        if self.pending_job:
+            # Rewind tempfile
+            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
+            # Print temporary file via CUPS printer.
+            self.device.printFile(
+                self.printer_name,
+                self.tmpfile.name,
+                self.job_name,
+                {"document-format": cups.CUPS_FORMAT_RAW},
+            )
+        self._clear()
+
+    def _clear(self) -> None:
+        """Finish the print job.
+
+        Remove temporary file.
+        """
+        self.tmpfile.close()
+        self.pending_job = False
+
+    def _read(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return a single-item array with the accepting state of the print queue.
+
+        states: idle = [3], printing a job = [4], stopped = [5]
+        """
+        printer = self.printers.get(self.printer_name, {})
+        state = printer.get("printer-state")
+        if not state or state in [4, 5]:
+            return b"8"  # offline
+        return b"0"  # online
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close CUPS connection.
+
+        Send pending job to the printer if needed.
+        """
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        if self.pending_job:
+            self.send()
+        logging.info("Closing CUPS connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/dummy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the CupsPrinter printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+from typing import List
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class Dummy(Escpos):
+    """Dummy printer.
+
+    This class is used for saving commands to a variable, for use in situations where
+    there is no need to send commands to an actual printer. This includes
+    generating print jobs for later use, or testing output.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Dummy
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Init with empty output list."""
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self._output_list: List[bytes] = []
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        self._output_list.append(msg)
+
+    @property
+    def output(self) -> bytes:
+        """Get the data that was sent to this printer."""
+        return b"".join(self._output_list)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the buffer of the printer.
+
+        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
+        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
+        """
+        del self._output_list[:]
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close not implemented for Dummy printer."""
+        pass

src/escpos/printer/file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the File printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import IO, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class File(Escpos):
+    """Generic file printer.
+
+    This class is used for parallel port printer or other printers that are directly attached to the file system.
+    Note that you should stay away from using USB-to-Parallel-Adapter since they are unreliable
+    and produce arbitrary errors.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.File
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(self, devfile: str = "", auto_flush: bool = True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize file printer with device file.
+
+        :param devfile: Device file under dev file system
+        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], IO[bytes]] = False
+
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Open system file.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[IO[bytes]] = open(self.devfile, "wb")
+        except OSError as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Could not open the specified file {self.devfile}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("File printer %s not found", self.devfile)
+                return
+        logging.info("File printer enabled")
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        """Flush printing content."""
+        if self.device:
+            self.device.flush()
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        assert self.device
+        self.device.write(msg)
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close system file."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing File connection to printer %s", self.devfile)
+        if not self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+        self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/lp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the LP printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_linux_lp(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on non Windows."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if not on a non-Windows system."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "This printer driver depends on LP which is not "
+                "available on Windows systems."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class LP(Escpos):
+    """Simple UNIX lp command raw printing.
+
+    Thanks to `Oyami-Srk comment <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/pull/348#issuecomment-549558316>`_.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.LP
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_linux_lp
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs):
+        """LP class constructor.
+
+        :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+        :param auto_flush: Automatic flush after every _raw() (Optional)
+        :type auto_flush: bool (Defaults False)
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.auto_flush = kwargs.get("auto_flush", False)
+        self._flushed = False
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], subprocess.Popen] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available CUPS printers."""
+        p_names = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-e"],  # Get printer names
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        p_devs = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-v"],  # Get attached devices
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        # List and trim output lines
+        names = [name for name in p_names.stdout.split("\n") if name]
+        devs = [dev for dev in p_devs.stdout.split("\n") if dev]
+        # return a dict of {printer name: attached device} pairs
+        return {name: dev.split()[-1] for name in names for dev in devs if name in dev}
+
+    def _get_system_default_printer(self) -> str:
+        """Return the system's default printer name."""
+        p_name = subprocess.run(
+            ["lpstat", "-d"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+        )
+        name = p_name.stdout.split()[-1]
+        if name not in self.printers:
+            return ""
+        return name
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        job_name: str = "python-escpos",
+        raise_not_found: bool = True,
+        _close_opened: bool = True,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Invoke _lp_ in a new subprocess and wait for commands.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device and _close_opened:
+            self.close()
+
+        self._is_closing = False
+
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        try:
+            # Name validation, set default if no given name
+            self.printer_name = self.printer_name or self._get_system_default_printer()
+            assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[subprocess.Popen] = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["lp", "-d", self.printer_name, "-t", self.job_name, "-o", "raw"],
+                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            )
+        except (AssertionError, subprocess.SubprocessError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("LP printing %s not available", self.printer_name)
+                return
+        logging.info("LP printer enabled")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Stop the subprocess."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing LP connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        self._is_closing = True
+        if not self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+        self._device.terminate()
+        self._device = False
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        """End line and wait for new commands."""
+        if not self.device or not self.device.stdin:
+            return
+
+        if self._flushed:
+            return
+
+        if self.device.stdin.writable():
+            self.device.stdin.write(b"\n")
+        if self.device.stdin.closed is False:
+            self.device.stdin.close()
+        self.device.wait()
+        self._flushed = True
+        if not self._is_closing:
+            self.open(_close_opened=False)
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Write raw command(s) to the printer.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        assert self.device is not None
+        assert self.device.stdin is not None
+        if self.device.stdin.writable():
+            self.device.stdin.write(msg)
+        else:
+            raise subprocess.SubprocessError("Not a valid pipe for lp process")
+        self._flushed = False
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()

src/escpos/printer/network.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Network printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import logging
+import socket
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    return True
+
+
+class Network(Escpos):
+    """Network printer.
+
+    This class is used to attach to a networked printer.
+    You can also use this in order to attach to a printer that
+    is forwarded with ``socat``.
+
+    If you have a local printer on parallel port ``/dev/usb/lp0``
+    then you could start ``socat`` with:
+
+    .. code-block:: none
+
+        socat -u TCP4-LISTEN:4242,reuseaddr,fork OPEN:/dev/usb/lp0
+
+    Then you should be able to attach to port ``4242`` with this class.
+    Otherwise the normal use case would be to have a printer with
+    Ethernet interface.
+    This type of printer should work the same with this class.
+    For the address of the printer check its manuals.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Network
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host: str = "",
+        port: int = 9100,
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 60,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize network printer.
+
+        :param host:    Printer's host name or IP address
+        :param port:    Port to write to
+        :param timeout: timeout in seconds for the socket-library
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.timeout = timeout
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], socket.socket] = False
+
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Open TCP socket with ``socket``-library and set it as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[socket.socket] = socket.socket(
+                socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM
+            )
+            self.device.settimeout(self.timeout)
+            self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
+        except OSError as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Could not open socket for {self.host}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Network device %s not found", self.host)
+                return
+        logging.info("Network printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        assert self.device
+        self.device.sendall(msg)
+
+    def _read(self) -> bytes:
+        """Read data from the TCP socket."""
+        assert self.device
+        return self.device.recv(16)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close TCP connection."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Network connection to printer %s", self.host)
+        try:
+            self._device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+        except socket.error:
+            pass
+        self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/serial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Serial printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the pyserial dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Serial`)
+_DEP_PYSERIAL = False
+
+try:
+    import serial
+
+    _DEP_PYSERIAL = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_PYSERIAL:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_pyserial(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on pyserial."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if pyserial not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with Serial requires the pyserial library to "
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on "
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for pyserial."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Serial(Escpos):
+    """Serial printer.
+
+    This class describes a printer that is connected by serial interface.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Serial
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_pyserial
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        devfile: str = "",
+        baudrate: int = 9600,
+        bytesize: int = 8,
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 1,
+        parity: Optional[str] = None,
+        stopbits: Optional[int] = None,
+        xonxoff: bool = False,
+        dsrdtr: bool = True,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize serial printer.
+
+        :param devfile:  Device file under dev file system
+        :param baudrate: Baud rate for serial transmission
+        :param bytesize: Serial buffer size
+        :param timeout:  Read/Write timeout
+        :param parity:   Parity checking
+        :param stopbits: Number of stop bits
+        :param xonxoff:  Software flow control
+        :param dsrdtr:   Hardware flow control (False to enable RTS/CTS)
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.baudrate = baudrate
+        self.bytesize = bytesize
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        if parity:
+            self.parity = parity
+        else:
+            self.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
+        if stopbits:
+            self.stopbits = stopbits
+        else:
+            self.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
+        self.xonxoff = xonxoff
+        self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr
+
+        self._device: Union[Literal[False], Literal[None], serial.Serial] = False
+
+    @dependency_pyserial
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Set up serial port and set is as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            if self.device and self.device.is_open:
+                self.close()
+
+        try:
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional[serial.Serial] = serial.Serial(
+                port=self.devfile,
+                baudrate=self.baudrate,
+                bytesize=self.bytesize,
+                parity=self.parity,
+                stopbits=self.stopbits,
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                xonxoff=self.xonxoff,
+                dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr,
+            )
+        except (ValueError, serial.SerialException) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to open serial printer on {self.devfile}:\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Serial device %s not found", self.devfile)
+                return
+        logging.info("Serial printer enabled")
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        assert self.device
+        self.device.write(msg)
+
+    def _read(self) -> bytes:
+        """Read the data buffer and return it to the caller."""
+        assert self.device
+        return self.device.read(16)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close Serial interface."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Serial connection to printer %s", self.devfile)
+        if self._device and self._device.is_open:
+            self._device.flush()
+            self._device.close()
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/usb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the USB printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Dict, Literal, Optional, Type, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError, USBNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the usb dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Usb`)
+_DEP_USB = False
+
+try:
+    import usb.core
+    import usb.util
+
+    _DEP_USB = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_USB:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_usb(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on usb."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if usb not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with USB connection requires a usb library to "
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on "
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for USB."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Usb(Escpos):
+    """USB printer.
+
+    This class describes a printer that natively speaks USB.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Usb
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        idVendor: Optional[int] = None,
+        idProduct: Optional[int] = None,
+        usb_args: Dict[str, Union[str, int]] = {},
+        timeout: Union[int, float] = 0,
+        in_ep: int = 0x82,
+        out_ep: int = 0x01,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Initialize USB printer.
+
+        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
+        :param idProduct: Product ID
+        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
+        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
+        :param in_ep: Input end point
+        :param out_ep: Output end point
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.in_ep = in_ep
+        self.out_ep = out_ep
+
+        self.usb_args = usb_args or {}
+        if idVendor:
+            self.usb_args["idVendor"] = idVendor
+        if idProduct:
+            self.usb_args["idProduct"] = idProduct
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False], Literal[None], Type[usb.core.Device]
+        ] = False
+
+    @dependency_usb
+    def open(self, raise_not_found: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        # Open device
+        try:
+            self.device: Optional[Type[usb.core.Device]] = usb.core.find(
+                **self.usb_args
+            )
+            assert self.device, USBNotFoundError(
+                f"Device {tuple(self.usb_args.values())} not found"
+                + " or cable not plugged in."
+            )
+            self._check_driver()
+            self._configure_usb()
+        except (AssertionError, usb.core.USBError) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to open USB printer on {tuple(self.usb_args.values())}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("USB device %s not found", tuple(self.usb_args.values()))
+                return
+        logging.info("USB printer enabled")
+
+    def _check_driver(self) -> None:
+        """Check the driver.
+
+        pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
+        only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
+        and detach_kernel_driver().
+        This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
+        """
+        if self.device and self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
+            check_driver: Optional[bool] = None
+
+            try:
+                check_driver = self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0)
+            except NotImplementedError:
+                pass
+
+            if check_driver is None or check_driver:
+                try:
+                    self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    pass
+                except usb.core.USBError as e:
+                    if check_driver is not None:
+                        logging.error("Could not detatch kernel driver: %s", str(e))
+
+    def _configure_usb(self) -> None:
+        """Configure USB."""
+        if not self.device:
+            return
+        try:
+            self.device.set_configuration()
+            self.device.reset()
+        except usb.core.USBError as e:
+            logging.error("Could not set configuration: %s", str(e))
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        assert self.device
+        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
+
+    def _read(self) -> bytes:
+        """Read a data buffer and return it to the caller."""
+        assert self.device
+        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
+
+    @dependency_usb
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Release USB interface."""
+        if not self._device:
+            return
+        logging.info(
+            "Closing Usb connection to printer %s", tuple(self.usb_args.values())
+        )
+        usb.util.dispose_resources(self._device)
+        self._device = False

src/escpos/printer/win32raw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""This module contains the implementation of the Win32Raw printer driver.
+
+:author: python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2023 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import functools
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union
+
+from ..escpos import Escpos
+from ..exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+
+#: keeps track if the win32print dependency could be loaded (:py:class:`escpos.printer.Win32Raw`)
+_DEP_WIN32PRINT = False
+
+
+try:
+    import pywintypes
+    import win32print
+
+    _DEP_WIN32PRINT = True
+    PyPrinterHANDLE: Any = win32print.OpenPrinter
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+
+def is_usable() -> bool:
+    """Indicate whether this component can be used due to dependencies."""
+    usable = False
+    if _DEP_WIN32PRINT:
+        usable = True
+    return usable
+
+
+def dependency_win32print(func):
+    """Indicate dependency on win32print."""
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Throw a RuntimeError if win32print not installed."""
+        if not is_usable():
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Printing with Win32Raw requires a win32print library to "
+                "be installed. Please refer to the documentation on "
+                "what to install and install the dependencies for win32print."
+            )
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class Win32Raw(Escpos):
+    """Printer binding for win32 API.
+
+    Uses the module pywin32 for printing.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Win32Raw
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_usable() -> bool:
+        """Indicate whether this printer class is usable.
+
+        Will return True if dependencies are available.
+        Will return False if not.
+        """
+        return is_usable()
+
+    @dependency_win32print
+    def __init__(self, printer_name: str = "", *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Initialize default printer."""
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.printer_name = printer_name
+        self.job_name = ""
+
+        self._device: Union[
+            Literal[False],
+            Literal[None],
+            "PyPrinterHANDLE",
+        ] = False
+
+    @property
+    def printers(self) -> dict:
+        """Available Windows printers."""
+        return {
+            printer["pPrinterName"]: printer
+            for printer in win32print.EnumPrinters(win32print.PRINTER_ENUM_NAME, "", 4)
+        }
+
+    def open(
+        self, job_name: str = "python-escpos", raise_not_found: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
+        """Open connection to default printer.
+
+        By default raise an exception if device is not found.
+
+        :param raise_not_found: Default True.
+                                False to log error but do not raise exception.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.DeviceNotFoundError`
+        """
+        if self._device:
+            self.close()
+
+        self.job_name = job_name
+        try:
+            # Name validation, set default if no given name
+            self.printer_name = self.printer_name or win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
+            assert self.printer_name in self.printers, "Incorrect printer name"
+            # Open device
+            self.device: Optional["PyPrinterHANDLE"] = win32print.OpenPrinter(
+                self.printer_name
+            )
+            if self.device:
+                self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(
+                    self.device, 1, (job_name, "", "RAW")
+                )
+                win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.device)
+        except (AssertionError, pywintypes.error) as e:
+            # Raise exception or log error and cancel
+            self.device = None
+            if raise_not_found:
+                raise DeviceNotFoundError(
+                    f"Unable to start a print job for the printer {self.printer_name}:"
+                    + f"\n{e}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.error("Win32Raw printing %s not available", self.printer_name)
+                return
+        logging.info("Win32Raw printer enabled")
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close connection to default printer."""
+        if self._device is False or self._device is None:  # Literal False | None
+            return
+        logging.info("Closing Win32Raw connection to printer %s", self.printer_name)
+        win32print.EndPagePrinter(self._device)
+        win32print.EndDocPrinter(self._device)
+        win32print.ClosePrinter(self._device)
+        self._device = False
+
+    def _raw(self, msg: bytes) -> None:
+        """Print any command sent in raw format.
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        """
+        if self.printer_name is None:
+            raise DeviceNotFoundError("Printer not found")
+        if not self.device:
+            raise DeviceNotFoundError("Printer job not opened")
+        win32print.WritePrinter(self.device, msg)  # type: ignore
+
+        # there is a bug in the typeshed
+        # https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32/blob/main/win32/src/win32print/win32print.cpp#L976
+        # https://github.com/python/typeshed/blob/main/stubs/pywin32/win32/win32print.pyi#L27C4-L27C4

src/escpos/types/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Custom types."""
+
+from typing import Dict, TypedDict
+
+
+class ConstTxtStyleClass(TypedDict):
+    """Describe type of :py:data:`escpos.constants.TXT_STYLES`."""
+
+    bold: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    underline: Dict[int, bytes]
+    size: Dict[str, bytes]
+    font: Dict[str, bytes]
+    align: Dict[str, bytes]
+    invert: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    color: Dict[str, bytes]
+    flip: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    density: Dict[int, bytes]
+    smooth: Dict[bool, bytes]
+    height: Dict[int, int]
+    width: Dict[int, int]

test/conftest.py

@@ -1,7 +1,49 @@
 import pytest
-from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+from escpos.exceptions import DeviceNotFoundError
+from escpos.printer import LP, CupsPrinter, Dummy, File, Network, Serial, Usb, Win32Raw
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def driver():
+def driver() -> Dummy:
     return Dummy()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def usbprinter() -> Usb:
+    return Usb()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def serialprinter() -> Serial:
+    return Serial()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def networkprinter() -> Network:
+    return Network()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fileprinter() -> File:
+    return File()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def lpprinter() -> LP:
+    return LP()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def win32rawprinter():
+    return Win32Raw()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def cupsprinter():
+    return CupsPrinter()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def devicenotfounderror():
+    return DeviceNotFoundError

test/test_abstract_base_class.py

@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """verifies that the metaclass abc is properly used by ESC/POS
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler
 :license: MIT
 """
 
-
-from nose.tools import raises
-
-import escpos.escpos as escpos
 from abc import ABCMeta
 
+import pytest
 
-@raises(TypeError)
-def test_abstract_base_class_raises():
+import escpos.escpos as escpos
+
+
+def test_abstract_base_class_raises() -> None:
     """test whether the abstract base class raises an exception for ESC/POS"""
-    escpos.Escpos()  # This call should raise TypeError because of abstractmethod _raw()
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        # This call should raise TypeError because of abstractmethod _raw()
+        escpos.Escpos()  # type: ignore [abstract]
 
 
-def test_abstract_base_class():
+def test_abstract_base_class() -> None:
     """test whether Escpos has the metaclass ABCMeta"""
     assert issubclass(escpos.Escpos, object)
     assert type(escpos.Escpos) is ABCMeta

test/test_cli.py

@@ -4,48 +4,46 @@
 
 
 import os
-import sys
-from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment
-from nose.tools import assert_equal, nottest
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment as TFE
+
 import escpos
 
-TEST_DIR = os.path.abspath("test/test-cli-output")
+TEST_DIR = tempfile.mkdtemp() + "/cli-test"
 
 DEVFILE_NAME = "testfile"
 
 DEVFILE = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, DEVFILE_NAME)
 CONFIGFILE = "testconfig.yaml"
-CONFIG_YAML = """
+CONFIG_YAML = f"""
 ---
 
 printer:
     type: file
-    devfile: {testfile}
-""".format(
-    testfile=DEVFILE,
-)
+    devfile: {DEVFILE}
+"""
 
 
 class TestCLI:
     """Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI"""
 
     @classmethod
-    def setup_class(cls):
+    def setup_class(cls) -> None:
         """Create a config file to read from"""
         with open(CONFIGFILE, "w") as config:
             config.write(CONFIG_YAML)
 
     @classmethod
-    def teardown_class(cls):
+    def teardown_class(cls) -> None:
         """Remove config file"""
         os.remove(CONFIGFILE)
+        shutil.rmtree(TEST_DIR)
 
-    def setup(self):
+    def setup_method(self) -> None:
         """Create a file to print to and set up env"""
-        self.env = None
-        self.default_args = None
-
-        self.env = TestFileEnvironment(
+        self.env = TFE(
             base_path=TEST_DIR,
             cwd=os.getcwd(),
         )
@@ -62,25 +60,32 @@ class TestCLI:
         finally:
             fhandle.close()
 
-    def teardown(self):
+    def teardown_method(self) -> None:
         """Destroy printer file and env"""
         os.remove(DEVFILE)
         self.env.clear()
 
-    def test_cli_help(self):
+    def test_cli_help(self) -> None:
         """Test getting help from cli"""
         result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "-h")
         assert not result.stderr
         assert "usage" in result.stdout
 
-    def test_cli_version(self):
+    def test_cli_version(self) -> None:
         """Test the version string"""
         result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "version")
         assert not result.stderr
-        assert_equal(escpos.__version__, result.stdout.strip())
+        assert escpos.__version__ == result.stdout.strip()
 
-    @nottest  # disable this test as it is not that easy anymore to predict the outcome of this call
-    def test_cli_text(self):
+    def test_cli_version_extended(self) -> None:
+        """Test the extended version information"""
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "version_extended")
+        assert not result.stderr
+        assert escpos.__version__ in result.stdout
+        # test that additional information on e.g. Serial is printed
+        assert "Serial" in result.stdout
+
+    def test_cli_text(self) -> None:
         """Make sure text returns what we sent it"""
         test_text = "this is some text"
         result = self.env.run(
@@ -95,15 +100,17 @@ class TestCLI:
         )
         assert not result.stderr
         assert DEVFILE_NAME in result.files_updated.keys()
-        assert_equals(result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes, test_text + "\n")
+        assert (
+            result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes == "\x1bt\x00" + test_text + "\n"
+        )
 
-    def test_cli_text_inavlid_args(self):
+    def test_cli_text_invalid_args(self) -> None:
         """Test a failure to send valid arguments"""
         result = self.env.run(
             *(self.default_args + ("text", "--invalid-param", "some data")),
             expect_error=True,
-            expect_stderr=True
+            expect_stderr=True,
         )
-        assert_equal(result.returncode, 2)
+        assert result.returncode == 2
         assert "error:" in result.stderr
         assert not result.files_updated

test/test_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""tests for config module
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2023 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+import pathlib
+
+import platformdirs
+import pytest
+
+import escpos.exceptions
+
+
+def generate_dummy_config(path, content=None):
+    """Generate a dummy config in path"""
+    dummy_config_content = content
+    if not content:
+        dummy_config_content = "printer:\n   type: Dummy\n"
+    path.write_text(dummy_config_content)
+    assert path.read_text() == dummy_config_content
+
+
+def simple_printer_test(config):
+    """Simple test for the dummy printer."""
+    p = config.printer()
+    p._raw(b"1234")
+
+    assert p.output == b"1234"
+
+
+def test_config_load_with_invalid_config_yaml(tmp_path):
+    """Test the loading of a config with a invalid config file (yaml issue)."""
+    # generate a dummy config
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    generate_dummy_config(config_file, content="}invalid}yaml}")
+
+    # test the config loading
+    from escpos import config
+
+    c = config.Config()
+    with pytest.raises(escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError):
+        c.load(config_path=config_file)
+
+
+def test_config_load_with_invalid_config_content(tmp_path):
+    """Test the loading of a config with a invalid config file (content issue)."""
+    # generate a dummy config
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    generate_dummy_config(
+        config_file, content="printer:\n   type: NoPrinterWithThatName\n"
+    )
+
+    # test the config loading
+    from escpos import config
+
+    c = config.Config()
+    with pytest.raises(escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError):
+        c.load(config_path=config_file)
+
+
+def test_config_load_with_missing_config(tmp_path):
+    """Test the loading of a config that does not exist."""
+    # test the config loading
+    from escpos import config
+
+    c = config.Config()
+    with pytest.raises(escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError):
+        c.load(config_path=tmp_path)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip(
+    "This test creates in the actual appdir files and is therefore skipped."
+)
+def test_config_load_from_appdir() -> None:
+    """Test the loading of a config in appdir."""
+    from escpos import config
+
+    # generate a dummy config
+    config_file = (
+        pathlib.Path(platformdirs.user_config_dir(config.Config._app_name))
+        / config.Config._config_file
+    )
+
+    generate_dummy_config(config_file)
+
+    # test the config loading
+    c = config.Config()
+    c.load()
+
+    # test the resulting printer object
+    simple_printer_test(c)
+
+
+def test_config_load_with_file(tmp_path):
+    """Test the loading of a config with a config file."""
+    # generate a dummy config
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    generate_dummy_config(config_file)
+
+    # test the config loading
+    from escpos import config
+
+    c = config.Config()
+    c.load(config_path=config_file)
+
+    # test the resulting printer object
+    simple_printer_test(c)
+
+
+def test_config_load_with_path(tmp_path):
+    """Test the loading of a config with a config path."""
+    # generate a dummy config
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    generate_dummy_config(config_file)
+
+    # test the config loading
+    from escpos import config
+
+    c = config.Config()
+    c.load(config_path=tmp_path)
+
+    # test the resulting printer object
+    simple_printer_test(c)

test/test_function_qr_non-native.py

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""tests for the non-native part of qr()
-
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
-:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: MIT
-"""
-
-
-import pytest
-import mock
-
-from escpos.printer import Dummy
-from PIL import Image
-
-
-@mock.patch("escpos.printer.Dummy.image", spec=Dummy)
-def test_type_of_object_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
-    """
-    Test the type of object that is passed to the image function during non-native qr-printing.
-
-    The type should be PIL.Image
-    """
-    d = Dummy()
-    d.qr("LoremIpsum")
-    args, kwargs = img_function.call_args
-    assert isinstance(args[0], Image.Image)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def instance():
-    return Dummy()
-
-
-def test_center(instance):
-    instance.qr("LoremIpsum", center=True)

test/test_function_softbarcode.py

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-
-import escpos.printer as printer
-import barcode.errors
-import pytest
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def instance():
-    return printer.Dummy()
-
-
-def test_soft_barcode_ean8_invalid(instance):
-    """test with an invalid barcode"""
-    with pytest.raises(barcode.errors.BarcodeError):
-        instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234")
-
-
-def test_soft_barcode_ean8(instance):
-    """test with a valid ean8 barcode"""
-    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234567")
-
-
-def test_soft_barcode_ean8_nocenter(instance):
-    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234567", center=False)

test/test_functions/test_function_barcode.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 
-import escpos.printer as printer
-from escpos.capabilities import Profile, BARCODE_B
-from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError, BarcodeCodeError
 import pytest
 
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.capabilities import BARCODE_B, Profile
+from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeCodeError, BarcodeTypeError
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "bctype,data,expected",

test/test_functions/test_function_buzzer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import pytest
+
+from escpos import printer
+from escpos.constants import BUZZER
+
+
+def test_buzzer_function_with_default_params() -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.buzzer()
+    expected = BUZZER + bytes((2, 4))
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "times, duration",
+    [
+        [1, 1],
+        [2, 2],
+        [3, 3],
+        [4, 4],
+        [5, 5],
+        [6, 6],
+        [7, 7],
+        [8, 8],
+        [9, 9],
+    ],
+)
+def test_buzzer_function(times: int, duration: int) -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.buzzer(times, duration)
+    expected = BUZZER + bytes((times, duration))
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "times, duration, expected_message",
+    [
+        [0, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [-1, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [10, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [11, 0, "times must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 0, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, -1, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 10, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+        [3, 11, "duration must be between 1 and 9"],
+    ],
+)
+def test_buzzer_fuction_with_outrange_values(
+    times: int, duration: int, expected_message: str
+) -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError) as e:
+        instance.buzzer(times, duration)
+
+    assert str(e.value) == expected_message

test/test_functions/test_function_cashdraw.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 
+import pytest
+
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.exceptions import CashDrawerError
-import pytest
 
 
-def test_raise_CashDrawerError():
+def test_raise_CashDrawerError() -> None:
     """should raise an error if the sequence is invalid."""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     with pytest.raises(CashDrawerError):

test/test_functions/test_function_check_barcode.py

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
-import escpos.printer as printer
 import pytest
 
+import escpos.escpos
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "bctype,data",
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ import pytest
     ],
 )
 def test_check_valid_barcode(bctype, data):
-    assert printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)
+    assert escpos.escpos.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
@@ -103,4 +104,4 @@ def test_check_valid_barcode(bctype, data):
     ],
 )
 def test_check_invalid_barcode(bctype, data):
-    assert not printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)
+    assert not escpos.escpos.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)

test/test_functions/test_function_cut.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-import six
-
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import GS
 
 
-def test_cut_without_feed():
+def test_cut_without_feed() -> None:
     """Test cut without feeding paper"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.cut(feed=False)
-    expected = GS + b"V" + six.int2byte(66) + b"\x00"
+    expected = GS + b"V" + bytes((66,)) + b"\x00"
     assert instance.output == expected

test/test_functions/test_function_dummy_clear.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from nose.tools import assert_raises
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
-def test_printer_dummy_clear():
+def test_printer_dummy_clear() -> None:
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.text("Hello")
     printer.clear()

test/test_functions/test_function_image.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 
 import pytest
-
 from PIL import Image
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ from escpos.exceptions import ImageWidthError
 
 
 # Raster format print
-def test_bit_image_black():
+def test_bit_image_black() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid black bit image (raster)
     """
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ def test_bit_image_black():
     assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80"
 
 
-def test_bit_image_white():
+def test_bit_image_white() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid white bit image (raster)
     """
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ def test_bit_image_white():
     assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00"
 
 
-def test_bit_image_both():
+def test_bit_image_both() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/white bit image (raster)
     """
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def test_bit_image_both():
     assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00"
 
 
-def test_bit_image_transparent():
+def test_bit_image_transparent() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (raster)
     """
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ def test_bit_image_transparent():
 
 
 # Column format print
-def test_bit_image_colfmt_black():
+def test_bit_image_colfmt_black() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid black bit image (column format)
     """
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_black():
     assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
-def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
+def test_bit_image_colfmt_white() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid white bit image (column format)
     """
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
     assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
-def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
+def test_bit_image_colfmt_both() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/white bit image (column format)
     """
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
     )
 
 
-def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
+def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (column format)
     """
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
 
 
 # Graphics print
-def test_graphics_black():
+def test_graphics_black() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid black graphics
     """
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ def test_graphics_black():
     )
 
 
-def test_graphics_white():
+def test_graphics_white() -> None:
     """
     Test printing solid white graphics
     """
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ def test_graphics_white():
     )
 
 
-def test_graphics_both():
+def test_graphics_both() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/white graphics
     """
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ def test_graphics_both():
     )
 
 
-def test_graphics_transparent():
+def test_graphics_transparent() -> None:
     """
     Test printing black/transparent graphics
     """
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ def test_graphics_transparent():
     )
 
 
-def test_large_graphics():
+def test_large_graphics() -> None:
     """
     Test whether 'large' graphics that induce a fragmentation are handled correctly.
     """
@@ -163,13 +162,13 @@ def test_large_graphics():
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def dummy_with_width():
+def dummy_with_width() -> printer.Dummy:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.profile.profile_data = {"media": {"width": {"pixels": 384}}}
     return instance
 
 
-def test_width_too_large(dummy_with_width):
+def test_width_too_large(dummy_with_width: printer.Dummy) -> None:
     """
     Test printing an image that is too large in width.
     """
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ def test_width_too_large(dummy_with_width):
     instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (384, 200)))
 
 
-def test_center_image(dummy_with_width):
+def test_center_image(dummy_with_width: printer.Dummy) -> None:
     instance = dummy_with_width
 
     with pytest.raises(ImageWidthError):

test/test_functions/test_function_linedisplay.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for line display
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
@@ -11,21 +11,21 @@
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
 
-def test_function_linedisplay_select_on():
+def test_function_linedisplay_select_on() -> None:
     """test the linedisplay_select function (activate)"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
     assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x02"
 
 
-def test_function_linedisplay_select_off():
+def test_function_linedisplay_select_off() -> None:
     """test the linedisplay_select function (deactivate)"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
     assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x01"
 
 
-def test_function_linedisplay_clear():
+def test_function_linedisplay_clear() -> None:
     """test the linedisplay_clear function"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.linedisplay_clear()

test/test_functions/test_function_panel_button.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for panel button function
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
 
-def test_function_panel_button_on():
+def test_function_panel_button_on() -> None:
     """test the panel button function (enabling) by comparing output"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons()
     assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x63\x35\x00"
 
 
-def test_function_panel_button_off():
+def test_function_panel_button_off() -> None:
     """test the panel button function (disabling) by comparing output"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons(False)

test/test_functions/test_function_qr_native.py

@@ -3,19 +3,18 @@
 
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2023 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
 
-from nose.tools import raises
 import pytest
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_MODEL_1
 
 
-def test_defaults():
+def test_defaults() -> None:
     """Test QR code with defaults"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True)
@@ -26,14 +25,14 @@ def test_defaults():
     assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-def test_empty():
+def test_empty() -> None:
     """Test QR printing blank code"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("", native=True)
     assert instance.output == b""
 
 
-def test_ec():
+def test_ec() -> None:
     """Test QR error correction setting"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_H)
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ def test_ec():
     assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-def test_size():
+def test_size() -> None:
     """Test QR box size"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=7)
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ def test_size():
     assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-def test_model():
+def test_model() -> None:
     """Test QR model"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, model=QR_MODEL_1)
@@ -66,47 +65,31 @@ def test_model():
     assert instance.output == expected
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
-def test_invalid_ec():
+def test_invalid_ec() -> None:
     """Test invalid QR error correction"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=-1)
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
-def test_invalid_size():
+def test_invalid_size() -> None:
     """Test invalid QR size"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=0)
 
 
-@raises(ValueError)
-def test_invalid_model():
+def test_invalid_model() -> None:
     """Test invalid QR model"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         instance.qr("1234", native=True, model="Hello")
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skip("this test has to be debugged")
-def test_image():
-    """Test QR as image"""
-    instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.qr("1", native=False, size=1)
-    print(instance.output)
-    expected = (
-        b"\x1bt\x00\n"
-        b"\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et"
-        b"]ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00"
-        b"i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00"
-        b"\n\n"
-    )
-    assert instance.output == expected
-
-
-@raises(ValueError)
-def test_image_invalid_model():
+def test_image_invalid_model() -> None:
     """Test unsupported QR model as image"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         instance.qr("1234", native=False, model=QR_MODEL_1)
 
 
@@ -115,6 +98,6 @@ def instance():
     return printer.Dummy()
 
 
-def test_center_not_implementer(instance):
+def test_center_not_implementer(instance: printer.Dummy) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
         instance.qr("test", center=True, native=True)

test/test_functions/test_function_qr_non-native.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""tests for the non-native part of qr()
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2023 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import warnings
+
+import mock
+import pytest
+from PIL import Image
+
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+
+def test_image() -> None:
+    """Test QR as image"""
+    instance = Dummy()
+    image_arguments = {
+        "high_density_vertical": True,
+        "high_density_horizontal": True,
+        "impl": "bitImageRaster",
+        "fragment_height": 960,
+        "center": False,
+    }
+    instance.qr("1", native=False, image_arguments=image_arguments, size=1)
+    print(instance.output)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1bt\x00\n"
+        b"\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f\x1d\xfcAu\x04]\x1dt]et"
+        b"]%tAI\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00 \x00}\xca\xa8h\xdf u\x95\x80x/ \x0b\xf4\x98\x00"
+        b"T\x90\x7fzxA\x00\xd0]zp]o ]u\x80Ao(\x7fd\x90\x00\x00\x00"
+        b"\n\n"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@mock.patch("escpos.printer.Dummy.image", spec=Dummy)
+def test_type_of_object_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
+    """
+    Test the type of object that is passed to the image function during non-native qr-printing.
+
+    The type should be PIL.Image
+    """
+    d = Dummy()
+    d.qr("LoremIpsum")
+    args, kwargs = img_function.call_args
+    assert isinstance(args[0], Image.Image)
+
+
+@mock.patch("escpos.printer.Dummy.image", spec=Dummy)
+def test_parameter_image_arguments_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
+    """Test the parameter passed to non-native qr printing."""
+    d = Dummy()
+    d.qr(
+        "LoremIpsum",
+        native=False,
+        image_arguments={
+            "impl": "bitImageColumn",
+            "high_density_vertical": False,
+            "center": True,
+        },
+    )
+    args, kwargs = img_function.call_args
+    assert "impl" in kwargs
+    assert kwargs["impl"] == "bitImageColumn"
+    assert "high_density_vertical" in kwargs
+    assert kwargs["high_density_vertical"] is False
+    assert "center" in kwargs
+    assert kwargs["center"]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return Dummy()
+
+
+def test_center(instance):
+    """Test printing qr codes."""
+    instance.qr("LoremIpsum", center=True)
+
+
+def test_deprecated_arguments(instance):
+    """Test deprecation warning."""
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+        # cause all warnings to always be triggered
+        warnings.simplefilter("always")
+        instance.qr(
+            "LoremIpsum",
+            impl="bitImageRaster",
+            image_arguments={"impl": "bitImageColumn"},
+        )
+        assert issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning)
+        assert "deprecated" in str(w[-1].message)

test/test_functions/test_function_set.py

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-import six
+from typing import Optional
+
+import pytest
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
-from escpos.constants import TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE, SET_FONT
-from escpos.constants import TXT_SIZE
+from escpos.constants import SET_FONT, TXT_NORMAL, TXT_SIZE, TXT_STYLE
+from escpos.exceptions import SetVariableError
 
 
-# Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls
-
-
-def test_default_values():
+def test_default_values_with_default() -> None:
+    """Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set()
+    instance.set_with_default()
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -27,12 +27,20 @@ def test_default_values():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
+def test_default_values() -> None:
+    """Default test"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set()
+
+    assert instance.output == b""
+
+
 # Size tests
 
 
-def test_set_size_2h():
+def test_set_size_2h() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(double_height=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(double_height=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -49,9 +57,21 @@ def test_set_size_2h():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_set_size_2w():
+def test_set_size_2h_no_default() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(double_width=True)
+    instance.set(double_height=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2h"],  # Double height text size
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2w() -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(double_width=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -68,9 +88,21 @@ def test_set_size_2w():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_set_size_2x():
+def test_set_size_2w_no_default() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(double_height=True, double_width=True)
+    instance.set(double_width=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2w"],  # Double width text size
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2x() -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(double_height=True, double_width=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -87,13 +119,25 @@ def test_set_size_2x():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_set_size_custom():
+def test_set_size_2x_no_default() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
+    instance.set(double_width=True, double_height=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2x"],  # Quad area text size
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_custom() -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set_with_default(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
-        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE["width"][8] + TXT_STYLE["height"][7]),
+        bytes((TXT_STYLE["width"][8] + TXT_STYLE["height"][7],)),
         TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
         TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
         TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
@@ -106,12 +150,36 @@ def test_set_size_custom():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("width", [1, 8])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("height", [1, 8])
+def test_set_size_custom_no_default(width: int, height: int) -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=width, height=height)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
+        bytes((TXT_STYLE["width"][width] + TXT_STYLE["height"][height],)),
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("width", [None, 0, 9, 10, 4444])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("height", [None, 0, 9, 10, 4444])
+def test_set_size_custom_invalid_input(
+    width: Optional[int], height: Optional[int]
+) -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(SetVariableError):
+        instance.set(custom_size=True, width=width, height=height)
+
+
 # Flip
 
 
-def test_set_flip():
+def test_set_flip() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(flip=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(flip=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -128,12 +196,21 @@ def test_set_flip():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
+def test_set_flip_no_default() -> None:
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(flip=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (TXT_STYLE["flip"][True],)  # Flip ON
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
 # Smooth
 
 
-def test_smooth():
+def test_smooth() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(smooth=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(smooth=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -153,9 +230,9 @@ def test_smooth():
 # Type
 
 
-def test_set_bold():
+def test_set_bold() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(bold=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(bold=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -172,9 +249,9 @@ def test_set_bold():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_set_underline():
+def test_set_underline() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(underline=1)
+    instance.set_with_default(underline=1)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -191,9 +268,9 @@ def test_set_underline():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_set_underline2():
+def test_set_underline2() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(underline=2)
+    instance.set_with_default(underline=2)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -213,9 +290,9 @@ def test_set_underline2():
 # Align
 
 
-def test_align_center():
+def test_align_center() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(align="center")
+    instance.set_with_default(align="center")
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -232,9 +309,9 @@ def test_align_center():
     assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
 
 
-def test_align_right():
+def test_align_right() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(align="right")
+    instance.set_with_default(align="right")
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -254,10 +331,10 @@ def test_align_right():
 # Densities
 
 
-def test_densities():
+def test_densities() -> None:
     for density in range(8):
         instance = printer.Dummy()
-        instance.set(density=density)
+        instance.set_with_default(density=density)
 
         expected_sequence = (
             TXT_NORMAL,
@@ -278,9 +355,9 @@ def test_densities():
 # Invert
 
 
-def test_invert():
+def test_invert() -> None:
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.set(invert=True)
+    instance.set_with_default(invert=True)
 
     expected_sequence = (
         TXT_NORMAL,

test/test_functions/test_function_softbarcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import barcode.errors
+import pytest
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return printer.Dummy()
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_invalid(instance: printer.Dummy) -> None:
+    """test with an invalid barcode"""
+    with pytest.raises(barcode.errors.BarcodeError):
+        instance.barcode("1234", "ean8", force_software=True)
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8(instance: printer.Dummy) -> None:
+    """test with a valid ean8 barcode"""
+    instance.barcode("1234567", "ean8", force_software=True)
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_nocenter(instance: printer.Dummy) -> None:
+    instance.barcode("1234567", "ean8", align_ct=False, force_software=True)

test/test_functions/test_function_software_columns.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""tests for software_columns
+
+:author: Benito López and the python-escpos developers
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2024 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_rearrange_into_cols(driver) -> None:
+    """
+    GIVEN a list of columnable text
+    WHEN the column width is different for each column and some strings exceed the max width
+    THEN check the strings are properly wrapped, truncated and rearranged into some columns
+    """
+
+    output = driver._rearrange_into_cols(
+        text_list=["fits", "row1 row2", "truncate and wrap"], widths=[4, 5, 6]
+    )
+    assert output == [["fits", "row1", "trunc."], ["", "row2", "and"], ["", "", "wrap"]]
+
+
+def test_add_padding_into_cols(driver) -> None:
+    """
+    GIVEN a list of strings
+    WHEN adding padding and different alignments to each string
+    THEN check the strings are correctly padded and aligned
+    """
+
+    output = driver._add_padding_into_cols(
+        text_list=["col1", "col2", "col3", "col 4"],
+        widths=[6, 6, 6, 6],
+        align=["center", "left", "right", "justify"],
+    )
+    assert output == [" col1 ", "col2  ", "  col3", "col  4"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("text_list", ["", [], None])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("widths", [30.5, "30", None])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("align", ["invalid_align_name", "", None])
+def test_software_columns_invalid_args(driver, text_list, widths, align) -> None:
+    """
+    GIVEN a dummy printer object
+    WHEN non valid params are passed
+    THEN check raise exception
+    """
+    bad_text_list = {"text_list": text_list, "widths": 5, "align": "left"}
+    bad_widths = {"text_list": ["valid"], "widths": widths, "align": "left"}
+    bad_align = {"text_list": ["valid"], "widths": 5, "align": align}
+
+    bad_args = [bad_text_list, bad_widths, bad_align]
+    for kwargs in bad_args:
+        with pytest.raises((TypeError, ValueError)):
+            driver.software_columns(**kwargs)
+        driver.close()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "text_list",
+    [
+        ["col1", "col2", "col3"],
+        ["wrap this string", "wrap this string", "wrap this string"],
+        ["truncate_this_string", "truncate_this_string", "truncate_this_string"],
+    ],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("widths", [[10, 10, 10], [10], 30])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("align", [["center", "left", "right"], ["center"], "justify"])
+def test_software_columns_valid_args(driver, text_list, widths, align) -> None:
+    """
+    GIVEN a dummy printer object
+    WHEN valid params are passed
+    THEN check no errors
+    """
+    driver.software_columns(text_list=text_list, widths=widths, align=align)
+    driver.close()

test/test_functions/test_function_text.py

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for the text printing function
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 
 
-import pytest
-import mock
-from hypothesis import given, assume
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
+import mock
+from hypothesis import given
+
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
-def get_printer():
+def get_printer() -> Dummy:
     return Dummy(magic_encode_args={"disabled": True, "encoding": "CP437"})
 
 
 @given(text=st.text())
-def test_text(text):
+def test_text(text: str):
     """Test that text() calls the MagicEncode object."""
     instance = get_printer()
-    instance.magic.write = mock.Mock()
+    with mock.patch.object(instance.magic, "write") as write:
         instance.text(text)
-    instance.magic.write.assert_called_with(text)
+        write.assert_called_with(text)
 
 
-def test_block_text():
+def test_block_text() -> None:
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.block_text(
         "All the presidents men were eating falafel for breakfast.", font="a"
@@ -38,25 +38,25 @@ def test_block_text():
     )
 
 
-def test_textln():
+def test_textln() -> None:
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.textln("hello, world")
     assert printer.output == b"hello, world\n"
 
 
-def test_textln_empty():
+def test_textln_empty() -> None:
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.textln()
     assert printer.output == b"\n"
 
 
-def test_ln():
+def test_ln() -> None:
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.ln()
     assert printer.output == b"\n"
 
 
-def test_multiple_ln():
+def test_multiple_ln() -> None:
     printer = get_printer()
     printer.ln(3)
     assert printer.output == b"\n\n\n"

test/test_functions/test_functions.py

@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
-from nose.tools import assert_raises
+import pytest
+
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
-def test_line_spacing_code_gen():
+def test_line_spacing_code_gen() -> None:
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.line_spacing(10)
     assert printer.output == b"\x1b3\n"
 
 
-def test_line_spacing_rest():
+def test_line_spacing_rest() -> None:
     printer = Dummy()
     printer.line_spacing()
     assert printer.output == b"\x1b2"
 
 
-def test_line_spacing_error_handling():
+def test_line_spacing_error_handling() -> None:
     printer = Dummy()
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(99, divisor=44)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=80, spacing=86)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=360, spacing=256)
-    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         printer.line_spacing(divisor=180, spacing=256)

test/test_image.py

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ converted to ESC/POS column & raster formats.
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
+from typing import List
 
 from escpos.image import EscposImage
 
 
-def test_image_black():
+def test_image_black() -> None:
     """
     Test rendering solid black image
     """
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ def test_image_black():
         _load_and_check_img("canvas_black." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x80", [b"\x80"])
 
 
-def test_image_black_transparent():
+def test_image_black_transparent() -> None:
     """
     Test rendering black/transparent image
     """
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def test_image_black_transparent():
         )
 
 
-def test_image_black_white():
+def test_image_black_white() -> None:
     """
     Test rendering black/white image
     """
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ def test_image_black_white():
         )
 
 
-def test_image_white():
+def test_image_white() -> None:
     """
     Test rendering solid white image
     """
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def test_image_white():
         _load_and_check_img("canvas_white." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x00", [b"\x00"])
 
 
-def test_split():
+def test_split() -> None:
     """
     test whether the split-function works as expected
     """
@@ -62,12 +63,12 @@ def test_split():
 
 
 def _load_and_check_img(
-    filename,
-    width_expected,
-    height_expected,
-    raster_format_expected,
-    column_format_expected,
-):
+    filename: str,
+    width_expected: int,
+    height_expected: int,
+    raster_format_expected: bytes,
+    column_format_expected: List[bytes],
+) -> None:
     """
     Load an image, and test whether raster & column formatted output, sizes, etc match expectations.
     """

test/test_load_module.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """very basic test cases that load the classes
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import escpos.printer as printer
 
 
-def test_instantiation():
+def test_instantiation() -> None:
     """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class and basic printing"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.text("This is a test\n")

test/test_load_module_missing_capability.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""basic test case that simulates an empty capability file
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_instantiation() -> None:
+    """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class"""
+    # inject an environment variable that points to an empty capabilities file
+    os.environ["ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE"] = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile().name
+
+    import escpos.printer as printer
+    from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError
+
+    # remove again the variable (so that no other tests are affected)
+    os.environ.pop("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE")
+
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(BarcodeTypeError):
+        instance.barcode("bc", "code")

test/test_magicencode.py

@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the magic encode module
 
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
+import types
+import typing
 
-
-import pytest
-from nose.tools import raises, assert_raises
-from hypothesis import given, example
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
-from escpos.magicencode import MagicEncode, Encoder
+import pytest
+from hypothesis import example, given
+
+from escpos import printer
+from escpos.exceptions import Error
 from escpos.katakana import encode_katakana
-from escpos.exceptions import CharCodeError, Error
+from escpos.magicencode import Encoder, MagicEncode
 
 
 class TestEncoder:
@@ -23,17 +25,24 @@ class TestEncoder:
     Tests the single encoders.
     """
 
-    def test_can_encode(self):
+    def test_can_encode(self) -> None:
         assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "€")
         assert Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "á")
         assert not Encoder({"foobar": 1}).can_encode("foobar", "a")
 
-    def test_find_suitable_encoding(self):
+    def test_find_suitable_encoding(self) -> None:
         assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€")
         assert Encoder({"CP858": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€") == "CP858"
 
-    @raises(ValueError)
-    def test_get_encoding(self):
+    def test_find_suitable_encoding_unnecessary_codepage_swap(self) -> None:
+        enc = Encoder({"CP857": 1, "CP437": 2, "CP1252": 3, "CP852": 4, "CP858": 5})
+        # desired behavior would be that the encoder always stays in the lower
+        # available codepages if possible
+        for character in ("Á", "É", "Í", "Ó", "Ú"):
+            assert enc.find_suitable_encoding(character) == "CP857"
+
+    def test_get_encoding(self) -> None:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             Encoder({}).get_encoding_name("latin1")
 
 
@@ -47,7 +56,7 @@ class TestMagicEncode:
         Test initialization.
         """
 
-        def test_disabled_requires_encoding(self, driver):
+        def test_disabled_requires_encoding(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             """
             Test that disabled without encoder raises an error.
 
@@ -57,33 +66,33 @@ class TestMagicEncode:
                 MagicEncode(driver, disabled=True)
 
     class TestWriteWithEncoding:
-        def test_init_from_none(self, driver):
+        def test_init_from_none(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding=None)
             encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
             assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
 
-        def test_change_from_another(self, driver):
+        def test_change_from_another(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437")
             encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
             assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
 
-        def test_no_change(self, driver):
+        def test_no_change(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP858")
             encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
             assert driver.output == b"\xd5 ist teuro."
 
     class TestWrite:
-        def test_write(self, driver):
+        def test_write(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver)
             encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
             assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x0f\xa4 ist teuro."
 
-        def test_write_disabled(self, driver):
+        def test_write_disabled(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437", disabled=True)
             encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
             assert driver.output == b"? ist teuro."
 
-        def test_write_no_codepage(self, driver):
+        def test_write_no_codepage(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(
                 driver,
                 defaultsymbol="_",
@@ -94,7 +103,7 @@ class TestMagicEncode:
             assert driver.output == b"_ ist teuro."
 
     class TestForceEncoding:
-        def test(self, driver):
+        def test(self, driver: printer.Dummy) -> None:
             encode = MagicEncode(driver)
             encode.force_encoding("CP437")
             assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00"
@@ -103,6 +112,7 @@ class TestMagicEncode:
             assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00? ist teuro."
 
 
+jaconv: typing.Optional[types.ModuleType]
 try:
     import jaconv
 except ImportError:
@@ -115,9 +125,9 @@ class TestKatakana:
     @example("カタカナ")
     @example("あいうえお")
     @example("ﾊﾝｶｸｶﾀｶﾅ")
-    def test_accept(self, text):
+    def test_accept(self, text: str) -> None:
         encode_katakana(text)
 
-    def test_result(self):
+    def test_result(self) -> None:
         assert encode_katakana("カタカナ") == b"\xb6\xc0\xb6\xc5"
         assert encode_katakana("あいうえお") == b"\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5"

test/test_printer_file.py

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-"""tests for the File printer
-
-:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
-:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: MIT
-"""
-
-
-import six
-
-import pytest
-from hypothesis import given, settings
-from hypothesis.strategies import text
-
-import escpos.printer as printer
-
-if six.PY3:
-    mock_open_call = "builtins.open"
-else:
-    mock_open_call = "__builtin__.open"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
-@given(path=text())
-def test_load_file_printer(mocker, path):
-    """test the loading of the file-printer"""
-    mock_escpos = mocker.patch("escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__")
-    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
-    printer.File(devfile=path)
-    assert mock_escpos.called
-    mock_open.assert_called_with(path, "wb")
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
-@given(txt=text())
-def test_auto_flush(mocker, txt):
-    """test auto_flush in file-printer"""
-    mock_escpos = mocker.patch("escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__")
-    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
-    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, "device")
-
-    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
-    # inject the mocked device-object
-    p.device = mock_device
-    p._raw(txt)
-    assert not mock_device.flush.called
-    mock_device.reset_mock()
-    p = printer.File(auto_flush=True)
-    # inject the mocked device-object
-    p.device = mock_device
-    p._raw(txt)
-    assert mock_device.flush.called
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
-@given(txt=text())
-def test_flush_on_close(mocker, txt):
-    """test flush on close in file-printer"""
-    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
-    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, "device")
-
-    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
-    # inject the mocked device-object
-    p.device = mock_device
-    p._raw(txt)
-    assert not mock_device.flush.called
-    p.close()
-    assert mock_device.flush.called
-    assert mock_device.close.called

test/test_printer_network.py

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-
-import escpos.printer as printer
-import pytest
-import mock
-import socket
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def instance():
-    socket.socket.connect = mock.Mock()
-    return printer.Network("localhost")
-
-
-def test_close_without_open(instance):
-    """try to close without opening (should fail gracefully)
-
-    Currently we never open from our fixture, so calling close once
-    should be enough. In the future this might not be enough,
-    therefore we have to close twice in order to provoke an error
-    (if possible, this should not raise)
-    """
-    instance.close()
-    instance.close()