update mailmap-file

bug/doc: Fix invalid EAN-13 barcode in examples
In the various examples and python-escpos CLI there are a number of uses of `13243546557687` as an EAN-13 example. This EAN barcode is invalid as the checksum should be `0` and not `7`. ``` $ python test_print.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "test_print.py", line 5, in <module> p.barcode('13243546557687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '') File "/home/pi/fatt-display/lib/python3.7/site-packages/escpos/escpos.py", line 433, in barcode bc=bc, escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError: No Barcode code was supplied (Barcode '13243546557687' not in a valid format for type 'EAN13') ``` This patch set removes `13243546557687` and replaces it with the valid number `40063813339310`. In researching the list of [assigned prefixes issued by G1][g1-prefixes] there seemed to be no "officially" defined test prefix, so this change was made to be minimally invasive using the number from the existing test cases. Resolves #350 Affects #176 [g1-prefixes]: https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/company-prefix [test-code]: https://www.barcodelookup.com/4006381333931
2025-09-13 09:09:58 +00:00 · 2019-06-30 17:43:20 +02:00 · 2019-06-29 19:19:16 -07:00 · 2019-06-29 19:19:16 -07:00 · 2019-06-19 15:50:19 +02:00 · 2019-06-19 15:28:46 +02:00
84 changed files with 3474 additions and 1527 deletions
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 [run]
 branch = True
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 $~
 .idea/
 .directory
 .cache/
 # temporary data
 temp
@@ -18,6 +19,13 @@ build/
 dist/
 .coverage
 src/escpos/version.py
 .hypothesis
 .pytest_cache/
 # testing temporary directories
 test/test-cli-output/
 # vim swap files
 *.swp
 *.swn
 *.swo
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 [submodule "capabilities-data"]
 	path = capabilities-data
 	url = https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db.git
 	branch = master
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 <dev@pkanzler.de>                                    <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>
 <manpaz@gmail.com>                                   <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
 Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@gmail.com>                 manpaz <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
 <emailofdavis@gmail.com>                             <davis.goglin@oregonicecream.com>
 Davis Goglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>                davisgoglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>
 Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>    Michael <michael.billington@gmail.com>
 Cody (Quantified Code Bot) <cody@quantifiedcode.com> Cody <cody@quantifiedcode.com>
 Renato Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>        Renato.Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>
 Ahmed Tahri <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>                    TAHRI Ahmed <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>
 Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.com>           Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.info>
 Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>            Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>
 csoft2k <csoft2k@hotmail.com>
 Sergio Pulgarin <sergio.pulgarin@gmail.com>
 reck31 <rakesh.gunduka@gmail.com>
 Alex Debiasio <alex.debiasio@thinkin.io>             <alex.debiasio@studenti.unitn.it>
 Brian 'Redbeard' Harrington <redbeard@dead-city.org>
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,35 +1,89 @@
 language: python
 sudo: false
 cache: pip
 dist: xenial
 git:
  depth: 100000
 addons:
  apt:
    packages:
      - graphviz
 env:
  global:
    - ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/home/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
 matrix:
  fast_finish: true
  include:
    - name: "Python 3.7 on Windows"
      os: windows
      language: shell
      before_install:
         - choco install python
         - pip install tox codecov 'sphinx>=1.5.1'
      env:
         - TOXENV=py37
         - PATH=/c/Python37:/c/Python37/Scripts:$PATH
         - ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=C:/Users/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
    - name: "Python 3.7 on macOS"
      os: osx
      osx_image: xcode10.2
      language: shell
      env: TOXENV=py37 ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/Users/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
    - python: 2.7
      env: TOXENV=py27
    - python: 3.3
      env: TOXENV=py33
    - python: 3.4
      env: TOXENV=py34
    - python: 3.5
      env: TOXENV=py35
-    - python: 3.5-dev
+    - python: 3.6
      env: TOXENV=py35
    - python: nightly
      env: TOXENV=py36
    - python: 3.6-dev
      env: TOXENV=py36
    - python: 3.7
      env: TOXENV=py37
    - python: 3.7-dev
      env: TOXENV=py37
    - python: 3.8-dev
      env: TOXENV=py38
    - python: nightly
      env: TOXENV=py38
    - python: pypy
      env: TOXENV=pypy
    - python: pypy3
      env: TOXENV=pypy3
-    - python: 2.7
+    - python: 3.7
      env: TOXENV=docs
    - python: 3.7
      env: TOXENV=flake8
  allow_failures:
-    - python: 3.5-dev
+    - python: 2.7
    - python: 3.6-dev
    - python: 3.7-dev
    - python: 3.8-dev
    - python: nightly
    - python: pypy3
    - os: windows
    - os: osx
 before_install:
-    - pip install tox codecov
+    - pip install tox codecov 'sphinx>=1.5.1'
    - ./doc/generate_authors.sh --check
 script:
    - tox
    - codecov
 notifications:
  email:
    on_success: never
    on_failure: change
 deploy:
 # Github deployment
  - provider: releases
    api_key:
      secure: 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
    file: .tox/dist/python-escpos*.zip
    file_glob: true
    skip_cleanup: true
    on:
      tags: true
      repo: python-escpos/python-escpos
      branch: master
      condition: $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.7"
--- a/40
+++ b/40
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
 Ahmed Tahri
 akeonly
 Alex Debiasio
 Asuki Kono
 belono
 Brian 'Redbeard' Harrington
 Christoph Heuel
 Cody (Quantified Code Bot)
 csoft2k
 Curtis // mashedkeyboard
 Davis Goglin
 Dean Rispin
 Dmytro Katyukha
 Gerard Marull-Paretas
 Hark
 Joel Lehtonen
 Justin Vieira
 kennedy
 Kristi
 ldos
 Lucy Linder
 Manuel F Martinez
 Michael Billington
 Michael Elsdörfer
 mrwunderbar666
 Nathan Bookham
 Omer Akram
 Patrick Kanzler
 primax79
 Qian Linfeng
 Ramon Poca
 reck31
 Renato Lorenzi
 Romain Porte
 Sam Cheng
 Sergio Pulgarin
 Stephan Sokolow
 Thijs Triemstra
 Thomas van den Berg
 ysuolmai
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,220 @@
 *********
 Changelog
 *********
 2019-06-19 - Version 3.0a6 - "Mistake not..."
 ---------------------------------------------
 This release is the seventh alpha release of the new version 3.0.
 Please be aware the the API is subject to change until v3.0 is
 released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - fix inclusion of the capabilities-file
 - execute CI jobs also on Windows and macOS-targets
 - improve documentation
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 2019-06-16 - Version 3.0a5 - "Lightly Seared On The Reality Grill"
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
 This release is the sixth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - allow arbitrary USB arguments in USB-class
 - add Win32Raw-Printer on Windows-platforms
 - add and improve Windows support of USB-class
 - use pyyaml safe_load()
 - improve doc
 - implement _read method of Network printer class
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - Gerard Marull-Paretas
 - Ramon Poca
 - akeonly
 - Omer Akram
 - Justin Vieira
 2018-05-15 - Version 3.0a4 - "Kakistocrat"
 ------------------------------------------
 This release is the fifth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - raise exception when TypeError occurs in cashdraw (#268)
 - Feature/clear content in dummy printer (#271)
 - fix is_online() (#282)
 - improve documentation
 - Modified submodule to always pull from master branch (#283)
 - parameter for implementation of nonnative qrcode (#289)
 - improve platform independence (#296)
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Christoph Heuel
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - kennedy
 - primax79
 - reck31
 - Thijs Triemstra
 2017-10-08 - Version 3.0a3 - "Just Testing"
 -------------------------------------------
 This release is the fourth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - minor changes in documentation, tests and examples
 - pickle capabilities for faster startup
 - first implementation of centering images and QR
 - check barcodes based on regex
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - Lucy Linder
 - Romain Porte
 - Sergio Pulgarin
 2017-08-04 - Version 3.0a2 - "It's My Party And I'll Sing If I Want To"
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 This release is the third alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - refactor of the set-method
 - preliminary support of POS "line display" printing
 - improvement of tests
 - added ImageWidthError
 - list authors in repository
 - add support for software-based barcode-rendering
 - fix SerialException when trying to close device on __del__
 - added the DLE EOT querying command for USB and Serial
 - ensure QR codes have a large enough border
 - make feed for cut optional
 - fix the behavior of horizontal tabs
 - added test script for hard an soft barcodes
 - implemented paper sensor querying command
 - added weather forecast example script
 - added a method for simpler newlines
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - csoft2k
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - mrwunderbar666
 - Romain Porte
 - Ahmed Tahri
 2017-03-29 - Version 3.0a1 - "Headcrash"
 ----------------------------------------
 This release is the second alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - automatically upload releases to GitHub
 - add environment variable ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
 - automatically handle cases where full cut or partial cut is not available
 - add print_and_feed
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Sam Cheng
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - Dmytro Katyukha
 2017-01-31 - Version 3.0a - "Grey Area"
 ---------------------------------------
 This release is the first alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
 be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - change the project's license to MIT in accordance with the contributors (see python-escpos/python-escpos#171)
 - feature: add "capabilities" which are shared with escpos-php, capabilities are stored in
  `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_
 - feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate codepage and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
 - as an alternative you can force the codepage with the old API
 - updated and improved documentation
 - changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capablities
 - changed interface of method `blocktext`, changed behavior of multiple methods, for details refer to the documentation
  on `python-escpos.readthedocs.io <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_
 - add support for custom cash drawer sequence
 - enforce flake8 on the src-files, test py36 and py37 on travis
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Michael Billington
 - Michael Elsdörfer
 - Patrick Kanzler (with code by Frédéric Van der Essen)
 - Asuki Kono
 - Benito López
 - Curtis // mashedkeyboard
 - Thijs Triemstra
 - ysuolmai
 2016-08-26 - Version 2.2.0 - "Fate Amenable To Change"
 ------------------------------------------------------
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - fix improper API-use in qrcode()
 - change setup.py shebang to make it compatible with virtualenvs.
 - add constants for sheet mode and colors
 - support changing the linespacing
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Michael Elsdörfer
 - Patrick Kanzler
 2016-08-10 - Version 2.1.3 - "Ethics Gradient"
 ----------------------------------------------
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - configure readthedocs and travis
 - update doc with hint on image preprocessing
 - add fix for printing large images (by splitting them into multiple images)
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.2 - "Death and Gravity"
 ------------------------------------------------
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - fix File-printer: flush after every call of _raw()
 - fix lists in documentation
 - fix CODE128: by adding the control character to the barcode-selection-sequence the barcode became unusable
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.1 - "Contents May Differ"
 --------------------------------------------------
 changes
 ^^^^^^^
 - rename variable interface in USB-class to timeout
 - add support for hypothesis and move pypy3 to the allowed failures (pypy3 is not supported by hypothesis)
 contributors
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Patrick Kanzler
 - Renato Lorenzi
 2016-07-23 - Version 2.1.0 - "But Who's Counting?"
 --------------------------------------------------
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.rst
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.rst
@@ -12,6 +12,16 @@ The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates. Please fill in yo
 This project uses `semantic versioning <http://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
 well as possible.
 Author-list
 -----------
 This project keeps a list of authors. This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
 When contributing the first time, please include a commit with the output of this script in place.
 Otherwise the integration-check will fail.
 When you change your username or mail-address, please also update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
 You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the `documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
 Style-Guide
 -----------
@@ -38,15 +48,16 @@ Often you can achieve compatibility quite easily with a tool from the `six`-pack
 PEP8
 ^^^^
-This is not yet consequently done in every piece of code, but please try to ensure
+The entire codebase adheres to the rules of PEP8.
-that your code honors PEP8.
+These rules are enforced by running `flake8` in the integration-checks.
-The checks by Landscape and QuantifiedCode that run on every PR will provide you with hints.
+Please adhere to these rules as your contribution can only be merged if the check succeeds.
 You can use flake8 or similar tools locally in order to check your code.
 Apart from that the travis-log and the check by Landscape will provide you with hints.
 GIT
 ^^^
 The master-branch contains code that has been released to PyPi. A release is marked with a tag
-corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved in a released version
+corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved in the development-branch.
 of the package.
 When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/development`.
 Name your branch to indicate what you are trying to achieve. Good branch names might
--- a/674
+++ b/674
@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
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 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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--- a/21
+++ b/21
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 MIT License
 Copyright (c) 2012-2017 python-escpos and Manuel F Martinez
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 include *.rst
 include *.txt
-include COPYING
+include LICENSE
 include INSTALL
 include tox.ini
 include capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
 recursive-include doc *.bat
 recursive-include doc *.ico
 recursive-include doc *.py
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ python-escpos - Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
    :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos
    :alt: Continous Integration
 .. image:: https://www.quantifiedcode.com/api/v1/project/95748b89a3974700800b85e4ed3d32c4/badge.svg
    :target: https://www.quantifiedcode.com/app/project/95748b89a3974700800b85e4ed3d32c4
    :alt: Code issues
 .. image:: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master/landscape.svg?style=flat
    :target: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master
    :alt: Code Health
@@ -37,15 +33,21 @@ Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size, type and weight.
 Also, this module handles some hardware functionalities like cutting paper, control characters, printer reset
 and similar functions.
 Since supported commands differ from printer to printer the software tries to automatically apply the right
 settings for the printer that you set. These settings are handled by
 `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_ which is also used in
 `escpos-php <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
 Dependencies
 ------------
 This library makes use of:
-    * pyusb for USB-printers
+* `pyusb <https://github.com/walac/pyusb>`_ for USB-printers
-    * Pillow for image printing
+* `Pillow <https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow>`_ for image printing
-    * qrcode for the generation of QR-codes
+* `qrcode <https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode>`_ for the generation of QR-codes
-    * pyserial for serial printers
+* `pyserial <https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial>`_ for serial printers
 * `viivakoodi <https://github.com/kxepal/viivakoodi>`_ for the generation of barcodes
 Documentation and Usage
 -----------------------
@@ -54,18 +56,40 @@ The basic usage is:
 .. code:: python
-    from escpos import *
+    from escpos.printer import Usb
    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer (EPSON TM-T88III) """
    p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0202, 0, profile="TM-T88III")
    p.text("Hello World\n")
    p.image("logo.gif")
    p.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
    p.cut()
 Another example based on the Network printer class:
 .. code:: python
    from escpos.printer import Network
    kitchen = Network("192.168.1.100") #Printer IP Address
    kitchen.text("Hello World\n")
    kitchen.barcode('4006381333931', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
    kitchen.cut()
    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
    Epson = escpos.Escpos(0x04b8,0x0202,0)
    Epson.text("Hello World\n")
    Epson.image("logo.gif")
    Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
    Epson.cut()
 The full project-documentation is available on `Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
 Contributing
 ------------
-This project is open for any contribution! Please see CONTRIBUTING.rst for more information.
+This project is open for any contribution! Please see `CONTRIBUTING.rst <http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_ for more information.
 Disclaimer
 ----------
 None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the patterns or implementations.
 Its names are used only to maintain context.
--- a/1
+++ b/1
--- a/codecov.yml
+++ b/codecov.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
 codecov:
  bot: patkan
 coverage:
  status:
    project:
      default:  # status context
        target: auto
        threshold: "1%"
  range: "60...100"
 comment: off
--- a/doc/api/capabilities.rst
+++ b/doc/api/capabilities.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Capabilities
 ------------
 Module :py:mod:`escpos.capabilities`
 .. automodule:: escpos.capabilities
    :members:
    :inherited-members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
    :member-order: bysource
--- a/doc/api/cli.rst
+++ b/doc/api/cli.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 CLI
 ---
 Module :py:mod:`escpos.cli`
 .. automodule:: escpos.cli
    :members:
    :inherited-members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
    :member-order: bysource
--- a/doc/api/codepages.rst
+++ b/doc/api/codepages.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Codepages
 ---------
 Module :py:mod:`escpos.codepages`
 .. automodule:: escpos.codepages
    :members:
    :inherited-members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
    :member-order: bysource
--- a/doc/api/katakana.rst
+++ b/doc/api/katakana.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Katakana
 --------
 Module :py:mod:`escpos.katakana`
 .. automodule:: escpos.katakana
    :members:
    :inherited-members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
    :member-order: bysource
--- a/doc/api/magicencode.rst
+++ b/doc/api/magicencode.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 Magic Encode
 ------------
 Module :py:mod:`escpos.magicencode`
 .. automodule:: escpos.magicencode
    :members:
    :inherited-members:
    :undoc-members:
    :show-inheritance:
    :member-order: bysource
--- a/doc/generate_authors.sh
+++ b/doc/generate_authors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 GENLIST=$(git shortlog -s -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
 AUTHORSFILE="$(dirname $0)/../AUTHORS"
 TEMPAUTHORSFILE="/tmp/python-escpos-authorsfile"
 if [ "$#" -eq 1 ]
    then
        echo "$GENLIST">$TEMPAUTHORSFILE
 	echo "\nAuthorsfile in version control:\n"
 	cat $AUTHORSFILE
 	echo "\nNew authorsfile:\n"
 	cat $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
 	echo "\nUsing diff on files...\n"
        diff -q --from-file $AUTHORSFILE $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
    else
 	echo "$GENLIST">$AUTHORSFILE
 fi
--- a/doc/index.rst
+++ b/doc/index.rst
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Content
   user/raspi
   user/todo
   user/usage
   user/barcode
 .. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 1
@@ -34,8 +35,13 @@ Content
   api/printer
   api/constants
   api/exceptions
   api/capabilities
   api/config
   api/image
   api/cli
   api/magicencode
   api/codepages
   api/katakana
 Indices and tables
 ==================
--- a/doc/requirements.txt
+++ b/doc/requirements.txt
@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@ qrcode>=4.0
 pyserial
 sphinx-rtd-theme
 setuptools-scm
 docutils>=0.12
 viivakoodi
--- a/doc/user/barcode.rst
+++ b/doc/user/barcode.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
 Printing Barcodes
 -----------------
 :Last Reviewed: 2016-07-31
 Most ESC/POS-printers implement barcode-printing.
 The barcode-commandset is implemented in the barcode-method.
 For a list of compatible barcodes you should check the manual of your printer.
 As a rule of thumb: even older Epson-models support most 1D-barcodes.
 To be sure just try some implementations and have a look at the notices below.
 barcode-method
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The barcode-method is rather low-level and orients itself on the implementation of ESC/POS.
 In the future this class could be supplemented by a high-level class that helps the user generating the payload.
 .. py:currentmodule:: escpos.escpos
 .. automethod:: Escpos.barcode
    :noindex:
 CODE128
 ~~~~~~~
 Code128 barcodes need a certain format.
 For now the user has to make sure that the payload is correct.
 For alphanumeric CODE128 you have to preface your payload with `{B`.
 .. code-block:: Python
   from escpos.printer import Dummy, Serial
   p = Serial()
   # print CODE128 012ABCDabcd
   p.barcode("{B012ABCDabcd", "CODE128", function_type="B")
 A very good description on CODE128 is also on `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.
--- a/doc/user/methods.rst
+++ b/doc/user/methods.rst
@@ -1,141 +1,17 @@
 *******
 Methods
 *******
-
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
 .. note:: **TODO** Merge this page with the API-description. (Make the API-description more pretty and then
          replace this with the API-description.)
 Escpos class
 ------------
-Escpos inherits its methods to the printers. the following methods are
+The core part of this libraries API is the Escpos class.
-defined:
+You use it by instantiating a  :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
 The following methods are available:
-image("image\_name.ext")
+.. autoclass:: escpos.escpos.Escpos
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    :members:
    :member-order: bysource
    :noindex:
 Prints an image. Its adjust the size in order to print it.
 * ``image_name.ext`` is the complete file name and location of any image type (jpg, gif, png, bmp)
 Raises ``ImageSizeError`` exception.
 qr("text")
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 Prints a QR code. The size has been adjusted to Version 4, so it can be
 enough small to be printed but also enough big to be read by a smart
 phone.
 * ``text`` Any text that needs to be QR encoded. It could be a slogan,
  salutation, url, etc.
 barcode("code", "barcode\_type", width, height, "position", "font")
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Prints a barcode.
 * ``code`` is an alphanumeric code to be printed as bar code
 * ``barcode_type`` must be one of the following type of codes for function type A:
  * UPC-A
  * UPC-E
  * EAN13
  * EAN8
  * CODE39
  * ITF
  * NW7
  And for function type B:
  * Any type above
  * CODE93
  * CODE128
  * GS1-128
  * GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional
  * GS1 DataBar Truncated
  * GS1 DataBar Limited
  * GS1 DataBar Expanded
 * ``width`` is a numeric value in the range between (1,255) *Default:* 64
 * ``height`` is a numeric value in the range between (2,6) *Default:* 3
 * ``position`` is where to place the code around the bars, could be one of the following values:
  * ABOVE
  * BELOW
  * BOTH
  * OFF > *Default:* BELOW
 * ``font`` is one of the 2 type of fonts, values could be:
  * A
  * B > *Default:* A
 *  ``fuction_type`` chooses between ESCPOS function type A or B. A is default, B has more barcode options. Choose which one based upon your printer support and require barcode.
  * A
  * B > *Default* A
 * Raises ``BarcodeTypeError``, ``BarcodeSizeError``, ``BarcodeCodeError`` exceptions.
 text("text")
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Prints raw text. Raises ``TextError`` exception.
 set("align", "font", "type", width, height, invert, smooth, flip)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Set text properties.
 * ``align`` set horizontal position for text, the possible values are:
  * CENTER
  * LEFT
  * RIGHT > > *Default:* left
 * ``font`` type could be ``A`` or ``B``. *Default:* A
 * ``type`` type could be ``B`` (Bold), ``U`` (Underline) or ``normal``. *Default:* normal
 * ``width`` is a numeric value, 1 is for regular size, and 2 is twice the standard size. *Default*: 1
 * ``height`` is a numeric value, 1 is for regular size and 2 is twice the standard size. *Default*: 1
 * ``invert`` is a boolean value, True enables white on black printing. *Default*: False
 * ``smooth`` is a boolean value, True enables text smoothing. *Default*: False
 * ``flip`` is a boolean value, True enables upside-down text. *Default*: False
 cut("mode")
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
 Cut paper.
 * ``mode`` set a full or partial cut. *Default:* full
 **Partial cut is not implemented in all printers.**
 cashdraw(pin)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Sends a pulse to the cash drawer in the specified pin.
 * ``pin`` is a numeric value which defines the pin to be used to send the pulse, it could be 2 or 5. Raises ``CashDrawerError()``
 hw("operation")
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Hardware operations.
 * ``operation`` is any of the following options:
  * INIT
  * SELECT
  * RESET
 control("align")
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Carrier feed and tabs.
 * ``align`` is a string which takes any of the following values:
  * LF *for Line Feed*
  * FF *for Form Feed*
  * CR *for Carriage Return*
  * HT *for Horizontal Tab*
  * VT *for Vertical Tab*
--- a/doc/user/printers.rst
+++ b/doc/user/printers.rst
@@ -1,53 +1,77 @@
 ********
 Printers
 ********
 :Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
-.. note:: **TODO** Merge this page into the API-description.
+As of now there are 5 different type of printer implementations.
-There 3 different type of printers:
+USB
 ---
 The USB-class uses pyusb and libusb to communicate with USB-based
 printers. Note that this driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
 and similiar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
-USB(idVendor, idProduct, interface, in\_ep, out\_ep)
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Usb
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+    :members:
    :special-members:
    :member-order: bysource
    :noindex:
-Based on pyusb and libusb-1.0
+Serial
 ------
 This driver uses pyserial in order to communicate with serial devices.
 If you are using an USB-based adapter to connect to the serial port,
 then you should also use this driver.
 The configuration is often based on DIP-switches that you can set on your
 printer. For the hardware-configuration please refer to your printer's manual.
-* ``idVendor`` is the Vendor ID
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Serial
-* ``idProduct`` is the Product ID
+     :members:
-* ``interface`` is the USB device interface (default = 0)
+     :special-members:
-*  ``in_ep`` is the input end point (default = 0x82)
+     :member-order: bysource
-* ``out_ep`` is the output end point (default = 0x01)
+     :noindex:
-Serial("devfile", baudrate, bytesize, timeout)
+Network
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+-------
-Based on pyserial, default values are based on the defaults set by
+This driver is based on the socket class.
 DIP\_SWITCH\_1 on the documentation(hardware side).
-* ``devfile`` is an alphanumeric device file name under /dev filesystem (default = /ev/ttyS0)
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Network
-* ``baudrate`` is the Baud rate for serial transmission (default = 9600)
+      :members:
-* ``bytesize`` sets the serial buffer size (default = 8)
+      :special-members:
-* ``timeout`` defines Read/Write timeout (default = 1)
+      :member-order: bysource
      :noindex:
-Network("host", port)
+Troubleshooting
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Based on socket
 * ``host`` is an alphanumeric host name, could be either DNS host name or IP address.
 * ``port`` to write to (default = 9100)
 Troubleshooting:
 Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes. Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
 Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device. As a next step try to send text
 manually to the device. You could use for example:
    ::
            echo "OK\n" | nc IPADDRESS 9100
            # the port number is often 9100
 As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer. This should be described in its manual.
-File("file\_name")
+File
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+----
 This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.File
      :members:
      :special-members:
      :member-order: bysource
      :noindex:
 Dummy
 -----
 The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes. It stores
 all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
 .. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Dummy
      :members:
      :member-order: bysource
      :noindex:
 Printcap printers
 * ``file_name`` is the full path to the device file name
--- a/doc/user/raspi.rst
+++ b/doc/user/raspi.rst
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 Raspberry Pi
 ************
-This instructions were tested on Raspbian.
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-05
-Unless you have done any distro with libusb-1.0 on the Raspberry Pi, the
+This instructions were tested on Raspbian Jessie.
 following instructions should works fine on your raspberry distro.
 .. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface (serial port) directly to
    a Raspberry PI or similar interface (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing). Those interfaces are
@@ -14,60 +13,30 @@ following instructions should works fine on your raspberry distro.
 Dependencies
 ------------
 First, install the packages available on Raspbian.
 ::
-    # apt-get install python-imaging python-serial python-setuptools
+       sudo apt-get install python3 python3-setuptools python3-pip libjpeg8-dev
 PyUSB
 ^^^^^
 PyUSB 1.0 is not available on Ubuntu, so you have to download and
 install it manually
 1. Download the latest tarball from
   `Sourceforge <http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyusb/files/>`__
 2. Decompress the zip file
 3. Install the library
   ::
       # wget ...
       # unzip pyusb*.zip
       # cd pyusb*
       # python setup.py build
       # sudo python setup.py install
 python-qrcode
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 1. Checkout the code from github
 2. Install the library
   ::
       # git clone https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode
       # cd python-qrcode
       # python setup.py build
       # sudo python setup.py install
 Installation
 ------------
-
+You can install by using pip3.
 If you have installed pyusb for libusb-1.0 then you need to:
 1. Download the latest file
 2. Decompress the file
 3. Install the library
 ::
-    # git clone https://github.com/manpaz/python-escpos.git
+    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
-    # cd python-escpos
+    sudo pip3 install python-escpos
    # python setup.py build
    # sudo python setup.py install
-Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in
+Run
-the project's `home <https://github.com/manpaz/python-escpos>`__
+---
 You need sudo and python3 to run your program.
 ::
    sudo python3 your-program.py
 Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
 You can find that in the `project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
 For more details on this check the :doc:`installation-manual <installation>`.
--- a/doc/user/todo.rst
+++ b/doc/user/todo.rst
@@ -2,38 +2,9 @@
 TODO
 ****
-Introduction
+Open points and issues of the project are tracked in the GitHub issues.
------------
+Some annotations still remain in the code and should be moved over time
-
+into the issue tracker.
 python-escpos is the initial idea, from here we can start to build a
 robust library to get most of the ESC/POS printers working with this
 library.
 Eventually, this library must be able to cover almost all the defined
 models detailed in the ESC/POS Command Specification Manual.
 Details
 -------
 What things are planned to work on?
 Testing
 ~~~~~~~
 * Test on many printers as possible (USB, Serial, Network)
 * automate testing
 Design
 ~~~~~~
 * Add all those sequences which are not common, but part of the ESC/POS
  Command Specifications.
  *  Port to Python 3
  *  Windows compatibility (hidapi instead libusb?)
  *  PDF417 support
 * use something similar to the `capabilities` in escpos-php
 Todos in the codebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--- a/doc/user/usage.rst
+++ b/doc/user/usage.rst
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 *****
 Usage
 *****
 :Last Reviewed: 2017-06-10
 Define your printer
 -------------------
@@ -8,12 +9,11 @@ Define your printer
 USB printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
-Before start creating your Python ESC/POS printer instance, you must see
+Before creating your Python ESC/POS printer instance, consult the system to obtain
-at your system for the printer parameters. This is done with the 'lsusb'
+the printer parameters. This is done with the 'lsusb' command.
 command.
-First run the command to look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID", then
+Run the command and look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID" and write
-write down the values, these values are displayed just before the name
+down the values. These values are displayed just before the name
 of the device with the following format:
 ::
@@ -37,25 +37,25 @@ so you can get the "Interface" number and "End Point"
    # lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep bEndpointAddress | grep OUT
          bEndpointAddress     0x01  EP 1 OUT
-The first command will yields the "Interface" number that must be handy
+The first command will yield the "Interface" number that must be handy
 to have and the second yields the "Output Endpoint" address.
 **USB Printer initialization**
 ::
-    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
 By default the "Interface" number is "0" and the "Output Endpoint"
-address is "0x01", if you have other values then you can define with
+address is "0x01". If you have other values then you can define them on
 your instance. So, assuming that we have another printer where in\_ep is
-on 0x81 and out\_ep=0x02, then the printer definition should looks like:
+on 0x81 and out\_ep=0x02, then the printer definition should look like:
 **Generic USB Printer initialization**
 ::
-    Generic = printer.Usb(0x1a2b,0x1a2b,0,0x81,0x02)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x1a2b,0x1a2b,0,0x81,0x02)
 Network printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -67,33 +67,36 @@ IP by DHCP or you set it manually.
 ::
-    Epson = printer.Network("192.168.1.99")
+    p = printer.Network("192.168.1.99")
 Serial printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Must of the default values set by the DIP switches for the serial
+Most of the default values set by the DIP switches for the serial
 printers, have been set as default on the serial printer class, so the
-only thing you need to know is which serial port the printer is hooked
+only thing you need to know is which serial port the printer is connected
-up.
+to.
 **Serial printer initialization**
 ::
-    Epson = printer.Serial("/dev/tty0")
+    p = printer.Serial("/dev/tty0")
    # on a Windows OS serial devices are typically accessible as COM
    p = printer.Serial("COM1")
 Other printers
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Some printers under /dev can't be used or initialized with any of the
+Some printers under `/dev` can't be used or initialized with any of the
 methods described above. Usually, those are printers used by printcap,
-however, if you know the device name, you could try the initialize
+however, if you know the device name, you could try to initialize by
 passing the device node name.
 ::
-    Epson = printer.File("/dev/usb/lp1")
+    p = printer.File("/dev/usb/lp1")
 The default is "/dev/usb/lp0", so if the printer is located on that
 node, then you don't necessary need to pass the node name.
@@ -101,33 +104,33 @@ node, then you don't necessary need to pass the node name.
 Define your instance
 --------------------
-The following example demonstrate how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
+The following example demonstrates how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
-on USB interface
+on a USB interface.
 ::
    from escpos import *
    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
-    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
    # Print text
-    Epson.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
    # Print image
-    Epson.image("logo.gif")
+    p.image("logo.gif")
    # Print QR Code
-    Epson.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
+    p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
    # Print barcode
-    Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
+    p.barcode('4006381333931','EAN13',64,2,'','')
    # Cut paper
-    Epson.cut()
+    p.cut()
 Configuration File
 ------------------
 You can create a configuration file for python-escpos. This will
 allow you to use the CLI, and skip some setup when using the library
-programically.
+programmatically.
-The default configuration file is named ``config.yaml``. It's in the YAML
+The default configuration file is named ``config.yaml`` and uses the YAML
 format. For windows it is probably at::
    %appdata%/python-escpos/config.yaml
@@ -143,11 +146,10 @@ If you aren't sure, run::
    c.load()
 If it can't find the configuration file in the default location, it will tell
-you where it's looking. You can always pass a path or a list of paths to
+you where it's looking. You can always pass a path, or a list of paths, to
-search to the ``load()`` method.
+the ``load()`` method.
-
+To load the configured printer, run::
 To load the configured pritner, run::
    from escpos import config
    c = config.Config()
@@ -159,10 +161,12 @@ The printer section
 The ``printer`` configuration section defines a default printer to create.
-The only required paramter is ``type``. The value of this should be one of the
+The only required paramter is ``type``. The value of this has to be one of the
 printers defined in :doc:`/user/printers`.
-The rest of the parameters are whatever you want to pass to the printer.
+The rest of the given parameters will be passed on to the initialization of the printer class.
 Use these to overwrite the default values as specified in :doc:`/user/printers`.
 This implies that the parameters have to match the parameter-names of the respective printer class.
 An example file printer::
@@ -173,10 +177,33 @@ An example file printer::
 And for a network printer::
    printer:
-                type: network
+            type: Network
            host: 127.0.0.1
            port: 9000
 An USB-printer could be defined by::
    printer:
            type: Usb
            idVendor: 0x1234
            idProduct: 0x5678
            in_ep: 0x66
            out_ep: 0x01
 Printing text right
 -------------------
 Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode. So make sure that you use ``u'strings'`` or import ``unicode_literals``
 from ``__future__`` if you are on Python 2. On Python 3 you should be fine.
 For normal usage you can simply pass your text to the printers ``text()``-function. It will automatically guess
 the right codepage and then send the encoded data to the printer. If this feature does not work, please try to
 isolate the error and then create an issue on the Github project page.
 If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage. For this please use the ``charcode()``-function. You can set
 any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``. If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
 After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore. You can revert to normal behaviour
 by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
 Advanced Usage: Print from binary blob
 --------------------------------------
@@ -204,19 +231,60 @@ Here you can download an example, that will print a set of common barcodes:
    * :download:`barcode.bin </download/barcode.bin>` by `@mike42 <https://github.com/mike42>`_
-How to update your code for USB printers
+Advanced Usage: change capabilities-profile
----------------------------------------
+-------------------------------------------
-Old code
+Packaged together with the escpos-code is a capabilities-file. This file in
 JSON-format describes the capabilities of different printers. It is developed and hosted in
 `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
-::
+Certain applications like the usage of `cx_freeze <https://cx-freeze.readthedocs.io>`_ might change the
 packaging structure. This leads to the capabilities-profile not being found.
 In this case you can use the environment-variable `ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE`.
 The following code is an example.
-    Epson = escpos.Escpos(0x04b8,0x0202,0)
+.. code-block:: shell
-New code
+   # use packaged capabilities-profile
   python-escpos cut
-::
+   # use capabilities-profile that you have put in /usr/python-escpos
   export ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/usr/python-escpos/capabilities.json
   python-escpos cut
   # use packaged file again
   unset ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
   python-escpos cut
 Hint: preprocess printing
 -------------------------
 Printing images directly to the printer is rather slow.
 One factor that slows down the process is the transmission over e.g. serial port.
 Apart from configuring your printer to use the maximum baudrate (in the case of serial-printers), there is not much
 that you can do.
 However you could use the :py:class:`escpos.printer.Dummy`-printer to preprocess your image.
 This is probably best explained by an example:
 .. code-block:: Python
   from escpos.printer import Serial, Dummy
   p = Serial()
   d = Dummy()
   # create ESC/POS for the print job, this should go really fast
   d.text("This is my image:\n")
   d.image("funny_cat.png")
   d.cut()
   # send code to printer
   p._raw(d.output)
 This way you could also store the code in a file and print it later.
 You could then for example print the code from another process than your main-program and thus reduce the waiting time.
 (Of course this will not make the printer print faster.)
    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
 Nothe that "0" which is the interface number is no longer needed.
--- a/examples/barcodes.py
+++ b/examples/barcodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 # Adapt to your needs
 p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 # Print software and then hardware barcode with the same content
 p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')
 p.text('\n')
 p.text('\n')
 p.barcode('123456', 'CODE39')
--- a/examples/codepage_tables.py
+++ b/examples/codepage_tables.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
 """Prints code page tables.
 """
 from __future__ import print_function
 import six
 import sys
 from escpos import printer
 from escpos.constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE, ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT
 def main():
    dummy = printer.Dummy()
    dummy.hw('init')
    for codepage in sys.argv[1:] or ['USA']:
        dummy.set(height=2, width=2)
        dummy._raw(codepage + "\n\n\n")
        print_codepage(dummy, codepage)
        dummy._raw("\n\n")
    dummy.cut()
    print(dummy.output)
 def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
    if codepage.isdigit():
        codepage = int(codepage)
        printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(codepage))
        printer._raw("after")
    else:
        printer.charcode(codepage)
    sep = ""
    # Table header
    printer.set(font='b')
    printer._raw("  {}\n".format(sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))))
    printer.set()
    # The table
    for x in range(0, 16):
        # First column
        printer.set(font='b')
        printer._raw("{} ".format(hex(x)[2:]))
        printer.set()
        for y in range(0, 16):
            byte = six.int2byte(x * 16 + y)
            if byte in (ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT):
                byte = ' '
            printer._raw(byte)
            printer._raw(sep)
        printer._raw('\n')
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/clear-day.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/clear-day.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/clear-night.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/clear-night.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/cloudy.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/cloudy.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/fog.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/fog.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/partly-cloudy-day.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/partly-cloudy-day.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/partly-cloudy-night.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/partly-cloudy-night.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/rain.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/rain.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/readme.md
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 # Climacons by Adam Whitcroft
 75 climatically categorised pictographs for web and UI design by [@adamwhitcroft](http://www.twitter.com/#!/adamwhitcroft).
 Visit the [Climacons](http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/) website for more information.
 Visit [Adam Whitcroft on GitHub](https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft)
 ## License
 You are free to use any of the Climacons Icons (the "icons") in any personal or commercial work without obligation of payment (monetary or otherwise) or attribution, however a credit for the work would be appreciated. **Do not** redistribute or sell and **do not** claim creative credit. Intellectual property rights are not transferred with the download of the icons.
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/sleet.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/sleet.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/snow.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/snow.png
--- a/examples/graphics/climacons/wind.png
+++ b/examples/graphics/climacons/wind.png
--- a/examples/qr_code.py
+++ b/examples/qr_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 import sys
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 def usage():
    print("usage: qr_code.py <content>")
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        usage()
        sys.exit(1)
    content = sys.argv[1]
    # Adapt to your needs
    p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
    p.qr(content, center=True)
--- a/examples/software_barcode.py
+++ b/examples/software_barcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 # Adapt to your needs
 p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 # Some software barcodes
 p.soft_barcode('code128', 'Hello')
 p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')
--- a/examples/weather.py
+++ b/examples/weather.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 # Adapted script from Adafruit
 # Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
 # Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
 # forecasts for next two days.
 # Weather example using nice bitmaps.
 # Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
 # Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
 # Icons taken from http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
 # Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
 from __future__ import print_function
 from datetime import datetime
 import calendar
 import urllib
 import json
 import time
 import os
 from escpos.printer import Usb
 """ Setting up the main pathing """
 this_dir, this_filename = os.path.split(__file__)
 GRAPHICS_PATH = os.path.join(this_dir, "graphics/climacons/")
 # Adapt to your needs
 printer = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
 # You can get your API Key on www.darksky.net and register a dev account.
 # Technically you can use any other weather service, of course :)
 API_KEY = "YOUR API KEY"
 LAT = "22.345490"       # Your Location
 LONG = "114.189945"     # Your Location
 def forecast_icon(idx):
    icon = data['daily']['data'][idx]['icon']
    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
    return image
 # Dumps one forecast line to the printer
 def forecast(idx):
    date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data['daily']['data'][idx]['time']))
    day = calendar.day_name[date.weekday()]
    lo = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMin']
    hi = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMax']
    cond = data['daily']['data'][idx]['summary']
    print(date)
    print(day)
    print(lo)
    print(hi)
    print(cond)
    time.sleep(1)
    printer.set(
        font='a',
        height=2,
        align='left',
        bold=False,
        double_height=False)
    printer.text(day + ' \n ')
    time.sleep(5)           # Sleep to prevent printer buffer overflow
    printer.text('\n')
    printer.image(forecast_icon(idx))
    printer.text('low ' + str(lo))
    printer.text(deg)
    printer.text('\n')
    printer.text(' high ' + str(hi))
    printer.text(deg)
    printer.text('\n')
    # take care of pesky unicode dash
    printer.text(cond.replace(u'\u2013', '-').encode('utf-8'))
    printer.text('\n \n')
 def icon():
    icon = data['currently']['icon']
    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
    return image
 deg = ' C'      # Degree symbol on thermal printer, need to find a better way to use a proper degree symbol
 # if you want Fahrenheit change units= to 'us'
 url = "https://api.darksky.net/forecast/" + API_KEY + "/" + LAT + "," + LONG + \
    "?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si"  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
 response = urllib.urlopen(url)
 data = json.loads(response.read())
 printer.print_and_feed(n=1)
 printer.control("LF")
 printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=True)
 printer.text("Weather Forecast")
 printer.text("\n")
 printer.set(align='center')
 # Print current conditions
 printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
 printer.text('Current conditions: \n')
 printer.image(icon())
 printer.text("\n")
 printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='left', bold=False, double_height=False)
 temp = data['currently']['temperature']
 cond = data['currently']['summary']
 printer.text(temp)
 printer.text(' ')
 printer.text(deg)
 printer.text(' ')
 printer.text('\n')
 printer.text('Sky: ' + cond)
 printer.text('\n')
 printer.text('\n')
 # Print forecast
 printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
 printer.text('Forecast: \n')
 forecast(0)
 forecast(1)
 printer.cut()
 printer.control("LF")
--- a/readthedocs.yml
+++ b/readthedocs.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 formats:
  - pdf
  - epub
 requirements_file: doc/requirements.txt
 python:
  version: 2
  setup_py_install: true
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -5,3 +5,8 @@ with-doctest=1
 [bdist_wheel]
 # This flag says that the code is written to work on both Python 2 and Python 3.
 universal=1
 [flake8]
 exclude = .git,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
 max-line-length = 120
 # future-imports = absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals  # we are not there yet
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 from setuptools.command.test import test as test_command
 base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
@@ -19,41 +18,16 @@ def read(fname):
    return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
 class Tox(test_command):
    """proxy class that enables tox to be run with setup.py test"""
    user_options = [('tox-args=', 'a', "Arguments to pass to tox")]
    def initialize_options(self):
        """initialize the user-options"""
        test_command.initialize_options(self)
        self.tox_args = None
    def finalize_options(self):
        """finalize user-options"""
        test_command.finalize_options(self)
        self.test_args = []
        self.test_suite = True
    def run_tests(self):
        """run tox and pass on user-options"""
        # import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
        import tox
        import shlex
        args = self.tox_args
        if args:
            args = shlex.split(self.tox_args)
        errno = tox.cmdline(args=args)
        sys.exit(errno)
 setuptools_scm_template = """\
 # coding: utf-8
 # file generated by setuptools_scm
 # don't change, don't track in version control
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 version = '{version}'
 """
@@ -66,13 +40,12 @@ setup(
    url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos',
    download_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/archive/master.zip',
    description='Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers',
-    bugtrack_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues',
+    license='MIT',
    license='GNU GPL v3',
    long_description=read('README.rst'),
    author='Manuel F Martinez and others',
    author_email='manpaz@bashlinux.com',
    maintainer='Patrick Kanzler',
-    maintainer_email='patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de',
+    maintainer_email='dev@pkanzler.de',
    keywords=[
        'ESC/POS',
        'thermoprinter',
@@ -83,20 +56,20 @@ setup(
    platforms='any',
    package_dir={"": "src"},
    packages=find_packages(where="src", exclude=["tests", "tests.*"]),
-    package_data={'': ['COPYING']},
+    package_data={'escpos': ['capabilities.json']},
    include_package_data=True,
    classifiers=[
        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
        'Environment :: Console',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
        'Programming Language :: Python',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
@@ -109,15 +82,27 @@ setup(
        'pyserial',
        'six',
        'appdirs',
-        'pyyaml',
+        'PyYAML',
        'argparse',
        'argcomplete',
        'future',
        'viivakoodi>=0.8'
    ],
    setup_requires=[
        'setuptools_scm',
    ],
-    tests_require=['tox', 'nose', 'scripttest'],
+    tests_require=[
-    cmdclass={'test': Tox},
+        'jaconv',
        'tox',
        'pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0',
        'pytest-cov',
        'pytest-mock',
        'nose',
        'scripttest',
        'mock',
        'hypothesis!=3.56.9,<4',
        'flake8'
    ],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'python-escpos = escpos.cli:main'
--- a/src/escpos/capabilities.json
+++ b/src/escpos/capabilities.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
 ../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
--- a/src/escpos/capabilities.py
+++ b/src/escpos/capabilities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
 import re
 from os import environ, path
 import pickle
 import logging
 import time
 import six
 import yaml
 from tempfile import gettempdir
 import platform
 logging.basicConfig()
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 pickle_dir = environ.get('ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR', gettempdir())
 pickle_path = path.join(pickle_dir, '{v}.capabilities.pickle'.format(v=platform.python_version()))
 capabilities_path = environ.get(
    'ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE',
    path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'capabilities.json'))
 # Load external printer database
 t0 = time.time()
 logger.debug('Using capabilities from file: %s', capabilities_path)
 if path.exists(pickle_path):
    if path.getmtime(capabilities_path) > path.getmtime(pickle_path):
        logger.debug('Found a more recent capabilities file')
        full_load = True
    else:
        full_load = False
        logger.debug('Loading capabilities from pickle in %s', pickle_path)
        with open(pickle_path, 'rb') as cf:
            CAPABILITIES = pickle.load(cf)
 else:
    logger.debug('Capabilities pickle file not found: %s', pickle_path)
    full_load = True
 if full_load:
    logger.debug('Loading and pickling capabilities')
    with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, 'wb') as pp:
        CAPABILITIES = yaml.safe_load(cp)
        pickle.dump(CAPABILITIES, pp, protocol=2)
 logger.debug('Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs', time.time() - t0)
 PROFILES = CAPABILITIES['profiles']
 class NotSupported(Exception):
    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the
    printer profile.
    """
    pass
 BARCODE_B = 'barcodeB'
 class BaseProfile(object):
    """This respresents a printer profile.
    A printer profile knows about the number of columns, supported
    features, colors and more.
    """
    profile_data = {}
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self.profile_data[name]
    def get_font(self, font):
        """Return the escpos index for `font`. Makes sure that
        the requested `font` is valid.
        """
        font = {'a': 0, 'b': 1}.get(font, font)
        if not six.text_type(font) in self.fonts:
            raise NotSupported(
                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font))
        return font
    def get_columns(self, font):
        """ Return the number of columns for the given font.
        """
        font = self.get_font(font)
        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]['columns']
    def supports(self, feature):
        """Return true/false for the given feature.
        """
        return self.features.get(feature)
    def get_code_pages(self):
        """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict.
        """
        return {v: k for k, v in self.codePages.items()}
 def get_profile(name=None, **kwargs):
    """Get the profile by name; if no name is given, return the
    default profile.
    """
    if isinstance(name, Profile):
        return name
    clazz = get_profile_class(name or 'default')
    return clazz(**kwargs)
 CLASS_CACHE = {}
 def get_profile_class(name):
    """For the given profile name, load the data from the external
    database, then generate dynamically a class.
    """
    if name not in CLASS_CACHE:
        profile_data = PROFILES[name]
        profile_name = clean(name)
        class_name = '{}{}Profile'.format(
            profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
        new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {'profile_data': profile_data})
        CLASS_CACHE[name] = new_class
    return CLASS_CACHE[name]
 def clean(s):
    # Remove invalid characters
    s = re.sub('[^0-9a-zA-Z_]', '', s)
    # Remove leading characters until we find a letter or underscore
    s = re.sub('^[^a-zA-Z_]+', '', s)
    return str(s)
 class Profile(get_profile_class('default')):
    """
    For users, who want to provide their profile
    """
    def __init__(self, columns=None, features=None):
        super(Profile, self).__init__()
        self.columns = columns
        self.features = features or {}
    def get_columns(self, font):
        if self.columns is not None:
            return self.columns
        return super(Profile, self).get_columns(font)
--- a/src/escpos/cli.py
+++ b/src/escpos/cli.py
@@ -33,9 +33,11 @@ def str_to_bool(string):
    """
    return string.lower() in ('y', 'yes', '1', 'true')
 # A list of functions that work better with a newline to be sent after them.
 REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ('qr', 'barcode', 'text', 'block_text')
 # Used in demo method
 # Key: The name of escpos function and the argument passed on the CLI. Some
 #   manual translation is done in the case of barcodes_a -> barcode.
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
    'barcodes_a': [
        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576'},
        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '4006381333931'},
        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354'},
        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST'},
        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103'},
@@ -60,13 +62,13 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
    'barcodes_b': [
        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '4006381333931', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': '4006381333931', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'CODE128A', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'CODE128B', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
        {'bc': 'CODE128C', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
@@ -98,6 +100,12 @@ ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
                'option_strings': ('--content',),
                'help': 'Text to print as a qr code',
                'required': True,
            },
            {
                'option_strings': ('--size',),
                'help': 'QR code size (1-16) [default:3]',
                'required': False,
                'type': int,
            }
        ],
    },
@@ -568,5 +576,6 @@ def demo(printer, **kwargs):
            command(**params)
        printer.cut()
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
--- a/src/escpos/codepages.py
+++ b/src/escpos/codepages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
 from .capabilities import CAPABILITIES
 class CodePageManager:
    """Holds information about all the code pages (as defined
    in escpos-printer-db).
    """
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
    def get_all(self):
        return self.data.values()
    @staticmethod
    def get_encoding_name(encoding):
        # TODO resolve the encoding alias
        return encoding.upper()
    def get_encoding(self, encoding):
        return self.data[encoding]
 CodePages = CodePageManager(CAPABILITIES['encodings'])
--- a/src/escpos/constants.py
+++ b/src/escpos/constants.py
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ moved to `capabilities` as in `escpos-php by @mike42 <https://github.com/mike42/
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ HW_RESET  = ESC + b'\x3f\x0a\x00'   # Reset printer hardware
 # Cash Drawer (ESC p <pin> <on time: 2*ms> <off time: 2*ms>)
 _CASH_DRAWER = lambda m, t1='', t2='': ESC + b'p' + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
 CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc) + six.int2byte(p) + six.int2byte(m) + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
 CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x00', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
 CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x01', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
@@ -55,73 +56,121 @@ _CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b'V' + m
 PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x00')  # Full cut paper
 PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x01')  # Partial cut paper
 # Beep
 BEEP = b'\x07'
 # Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
 _PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b'c5' + six.int2byte(n)
 PANEL_BUTTON_ON = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
 PANEL_BUTTON_OFF = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
 # Line display printing
 LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN = ESC + b'\x3d\x02'
 LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR = ESC + b'\x40'
 LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE = ESC + b'\x3d\x01'
 # Sheet modes
 SHEET_SLIP_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x04'  # slip paper
 SHEET_ROLL_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x01'  # paper roll
 # Text format
 # TODO: Acquire the "ESC/POS Application Programming Guide for Paper Roll
 #       Printers" and tidy up this stuff too.
 TXT_FLIP_ON    = ESC + b'\x7b\x01'
 TXT_FLIP_OFF   = ESC + b'\x7b\x00'
 TXT_SMOOTH_ON  = GS + b'\x62\x01'
 TXT_SMOOTH_OFF = GS + b'\x62\x00'
 TXT_SIZE       = GS + b'!'
-TXT_WIDTH      = {1: 0x00,
+
-                  2: 0x10,
+TXT_NORMAL     = ESC + b'!\x00'     # Normal text
-                  3: 0x20,
+
-                  4: 0x30,
+
-                  5: 0x40,
+TXT_STYLE = {
-                  6: 0x50,
+    'bold': {
-                  7: 0x60,
+        False: ESC + b'\x45\x00',               # Bold font OFF
-                  8: 0x70}
+        True: ESC + b'\x45\x01'                 # Bold font ON
-TXT_HEIGHT     = {1: 0x00,
+    },
    'underline': {
        0: ESC + b'\x2d\x00',                   # Underline font OFF
        1: ESC + b'\x2d\x01',                   # Underline font 1-dot ON
        2: ESC + b'\x2d\x02'                    # Underline font 2-dot ON
    },
    'size': {
        'normal': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x00',  # Normal text
        '2h': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x10',      # Double height text
        '2w': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x20',      # Double width text
        '2x': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x30'       # Quad area text
    },
    'font': {
        'a': ESC + b'\x4d\x00',                 # Font type A
        'b': ESC + b'\x4d\x00'                  # Font type B
    },
    'align': {
        'left': ESC + b'\x61\x00',              # Left justification
        'center': ESC + b'\x61\x01',            # Centering
        'right': ESC + b'\x61\x02'              # Right justification
    },
    'invert': {
        True: GS  + b'\x42\x01',                # Inverse Printing ON
        False: GS  + b'\x42\x00'                # Inverse Printing OFF
    },
    'color': {
        'black': ESC + b'\x72\x00',             # Default Color
        'red': ESC + b'\x72\x01'                # Alternative Color, Usually Red
    },
    'flip': {
        True: ESC + b'\x7b\x01',                # Flip ON
        False: ESC + b'\x7b\x00'                # Flip OFF
    },
    'density': {
        0: GS + b'\x7c\x00',                    # Printing Density -50%
        1: GS + b'\x7c\x01',                    # Printing Density -37.5%
        2: GS + b'\x7c\x02',                    # Printing Density -25%
        3: GS + b'\x7c\x03',                    # Printing Density -12.5%
        4: GS + b'\x7c\x04',                    # Printing Density  0%
        5: GS + b'\x7c\x08',                    # Printing Density +50%
        6: GS + b'\x7c\x07',                    # Printing Density +37.5%
        7: GS + b'\x7c\x06',                    # Printing Density +25%
        8: GS + b'\x7c\x05'                     # Printing Density +12.5%
    },
    'smooth': {
        True: GS + b'\x62\x01',                 # Smooth ON
        False: GS + b'\x62\x00'                 # Smooth OFF
    },
    'height': {                                 # Custom text height
        1: 0x00,
        2: 0x01,
        3: 0x02,
        4: 0x03,
        5: 0x04,
        6: 0x05,
        7: 0x06,
-                  8: 0x07}
+        8: 0x07
-TXT_NORMAL     = ESC + b'!\x00'     # Normal text
+    },
-TXT_2HEIGHT    = ESC + b'!\x10'     # Double height text
+    'width': {                                  # Custom text width
-TXT_2WIDTH     = ESC + b'!\x20'     # Double width text
+        1: 0x00,
-TXT_4SQUARE    = ESC + b'!\x30'     # Quad area text
+        2: 0x10,
-TXT_UNDERL_OFF = ESC + b'\x2d\x00'  # Underline font OFF
+        3: 0x20,
-TXT_UNDERL_ON  = ESC + b'\x2d\x01'  # Underline font 1-dot ON
+        4: 0x30,
-TXT_UNDERL2_ON = ESC + b'\x2d\x02'  # Underline font 2-dot ON
+        5: 0x40,
-TXT_BOLD_OFF   = ESC + b'\x45\x00'  # Bold font OFF
+        6: 0x50,
-TXT_BOLD_ON    = ESC + b'\x45\x01'  # Bold font ON
+        7: 0x60,
-TXT_FONT_A     = ESC + b'\x4d\x00'  # Font type A
+        8: 0x70
-TXT_FONT_B     = ESC + b'\x4d\x01'  # Font type B
+    }
-TXT_ALIGN_LT   = ESC + b'\x61\x00'  # Left justification
+}
 TXT_ALIGN_CT   = ESC + b'\x61\x01'  # Centering
 TXT_ALIGN_RT   = ESC + b'\x61\x02'  # Right justification
 TXT_INVERT_ON  = GS  + b'\x42\x01'  # Inverse Printing ON
 TXT_INVERT_OFF = GS  + b'\x42\x00'  # Inverse Printing OFF
-# Char code table
+# Fonts
-CHARCODE_PC437  = ESC + b'\x74\x00'  # USA: Standard Europe
+SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b'\x4d' + n
-CHARCODE_JIS    = ESC + b'\x74\x01'  # Japanese Katakana
+TXT_FONT_A     = SET_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A
-CHARCODE_PC850  = ESC + b'\x74\x02'  # Multilingual
+TXT_FONT_B     = SET_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B
-CHARCODE_PC860  = ESC + b'\x74\x03'  # Portuguese
+
-CHARCODE_PC863  = ESC + b'\x74\x04'  # Canadian-French
+# Spacing
-CHARCODE_PC865  = ESC + b'\x74\x05'  # Nordic
+LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b'2'
-CHARCODE_WEU    = ESC + b'\x74\x06'  # Simplified Kanji, Hirakana
+LINESPACING_FUNCS = {
-CHARCODE_GREEK  = ESC + b'\x74\x07'  # Simplified Kanji
+  60: ESC + b'A',  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
-CHARCODE_HEBREW = ESC + b'\x74\x08'  # Simplified Kanji
+  360: ESC + b'+', # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
-CHARCODE_PC1252 = ESC + b'\x74\x11'  # Western European Windows Code Set
+  180: ESC + b'3', # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
-CHARCODE_PC866  = ESC + b'\x74\x12'  # Cirillic #2
+}
-CHARCODE_PC852  = ESC + b'\x74\x13'  # Latin 2
+
-CHARCODE_PC858  = ESC + b'\x74\x14'  # Euro
+# Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
-CHARCODE_THAI42 = ESC + b'\x74\x15'  # Thai character code 42
+# the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
-CHARCODE_THAI11 = ESC + b'\x74\x16'  # Thai character code 11
+CODEPAGE_CHANGE = ESC + b'\x74'
 CHARCODE_THAI13 = ESC + b'\x74\x17'  # Thai character code 13
 CHARCODE_THAI14 = ESC + b'\x74\x18'  # Thai character code 14
 CHARCODE_THAI16 = ESC + b'\x74\x19'  # Thai character code 16
 CHARCODE_THAI17 = ESC + b'\x74\x1a'  # Thai character code 17
 CHARCODE_THAI18 = ESC + b'\x74\x1b'  # Thai character code 18
 # Barcode format
 _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b'H' + n
@@ -168,10 +217,7 @@ BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
    'NW7':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
    'CODABAR':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
    'CODE93':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
-    # These are all the same barcode, but using different charcter sets
+    'CODE128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73),
    'CODE128A':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{A',  # CODE128 character set A
    'CODE128B':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{B',  # CODE128 character set B
    'CODE128C':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{C',  # CODE128 character set C
    'GS1-128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
@@ -179,6 +225,24 @@ BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
 }
 BARCODE_FORMATS = {
    'UPC-A':                       ([(11, 12)], "^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
    'UPC-E':                       ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], "^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
    'EAN13':                       ([(12, 13)], "^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
    'EAN8':                        ([(7, 8)], "^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
    'CODE39':                      ([(1, 255)], "^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
    'ITF':                         ([(2, 255)], "^([0-9]{2})+$"),
    'NW7':                         ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
    'CODABAR':                     ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
    'CODE93':                      ([(1, 255)], "^[\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
    'CODE128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
    'GS1-128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"), # same as CODE128
    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),
    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"), # same as GS1 omnidirectional
    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         ([(13,13)], "^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        ([(2,255)], "^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$"),
 }
 BARCODE_TYPES = {
    'A': BARCODE_TYPE_A,
    'B': BARCODE_TYPE_B,
@@ -204,13 +268,11 @@ S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x01')  # Set raster image double width
 S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x02')  # Set raster image double height
 S_RASTER_Q  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x03')  # Set raster image quadruple
-# Printing Density
+# Status Command
-PD_N50 = GS + b'\x7c\x00'  # Printing Density -50%
+RT_STATUS = DLE + EOT
-PD_N37 = GS + b'\x7c\x01'  # Printing Density -37.5%
+RT_STATUS_ONLINE = RT_STATUS +  b'\x01'
-PD_N25 = GS + b'\x7c\x02'  # Printing Density -25%
+RT_STATUS_PAPER = RT_STATUS +  b'\x04'
-PD_N12 = GS + b'\x7c\x03'  # Printing Density -12.5%
+RT_MASK_ONLINE = 8
-PD_0   = GS + b'\x7c\x04'  # Printing Density  0%
+RT_MASK_PAPER = 18
-PD_P50 = GS + b'\x7c\x08'  # Printing Density +50%
+RT_MASK_LOWPAPER = 30
-PD_P37 = GS + b'\x7c\x07'  # Printing Density +37.5%
+RT_MASK_NOPAPER = 114
 PD_P25 = GS + b'\x7c\x06'  # Printing Density +25%
 PD_P12 = GS + b'\x7c\x05'  # Printing Density +12.5%
--- a/src/escpos/escpos.py
+++ b/src/escpos/escpos.py
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ This module contains the abstract base class :py:class:`Escpos`.
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -17,12 +17,39 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import qrcode
 import textwrap
 import six
 import time
 from re import match as re_match
-from .constants import *
+import barcode
-from .exceptions import *
+from barcode.writer import ImageWriter
 import os
 from .constants import ESC, GS, NUL, QR_ECLEVEL_L, QR_ECLEVEL_M, QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_ECLEVEL_Q
 from .constants import QR_MODEL_1, QR_MODEL_2, QR_MICRO, BARCODE_TYPES, BARCODE_HEIGHT, BARCODE_WIDTH
 from .constants import BARCODE_FONT_A, BARCODE_FONT_B, BARCODE_FORMATS
 from .constants import BARCODE_TXT_OFF, BARCODE_TXT_BTH, BARCODE_TXT_ABV, BARCODE_TXT_BLW
 from .constants import TXT_SIZE, TXT_NORMAL
 from .constants import SET_FONT
 from .constants import LINESPACING_FUNCS, LINESPACING_RESET
 from .constants import LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN, LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR, LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE
 from .constants import CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE, CD_KICK_5, CD_KICK_2, PAPER_FULL_CUT, PAPER_PART_CUT
 from .constants import HW_RESET, HW_SELECT, HW_INIT
 from .constants import CTL_VT, CTL_CR, CTL_FF, CTL_LF, CTL_SET_HT, PANEL_BUTTON_OFF, PANEL_BUTTON_ON
 from .constants import TXT_STYLE
 from .constants import RT_STATUS_ONLINE, RT_MASK_ONLINE
 from .constants import RT_STATUS_PAPER, RT_MASK_PAPER, RT_MASK_LOWPAPER, RT_MASK_NOPAPER
 from .exceptions import BarcodeTypeError, BarcodeSizeError, TabPosError
 from .exceptions import CashDrawerError, SetVariableError, BarcodeCodeError
 from .exceptions import ImageWidthError
 from .magicencode import MagicEncode
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod  # abstract base class support
 from escpos.image import EscposImage
 from escpos.capabilities import get_profile, BARCODE_B
@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
@@ -33,13 +60,13 @@ class Escpos(object):
    class.
    """
    device = None
    codepage = None
-    def __init__(self, columns=32):
+    def __init__(self, profile=None, magic_encode_args=None, **kwargs):
        """ Initialize ESCPOS Printer
-        :param columns: Text columns used by the printer. Defaults to 32."""
+        :param profile: Printer profile"""
-        self.columns = columns
+        self.profile = get_profile(profile)
        self.magic = MagicEncode(self, **(magic_encode_args or {}))
    def __del__(self):
        """ call self.close upon deletion """
@@ -56,7 +83,14 @@ class Escpos(object):
        """
        pass
-    def image(self, img_source, high_density_vertical=True, high_density_horizontal=True, impl="bitImageRaster"):
+    def _read(self):
        """ Returns a NotImplementedError if the instance of the class doesn't override this method.
        :raises NotImplementedError
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()
    def image(self, img_source, high_density_vertical=True, high_density_horizontal=True, impl="bitImageRaster",
              fragment_height=960, center=False):
        """ Print an image
        You can select whether the printer should print in high density or not. The default value is high density.
@@ -76,14 +110,42 @@ class Escpos(object):
        :param high_density_vertical: print in high density in vertical direction *default:* True
        :param high_density_horizontal: print in high density in horizontal direction *default:* True
        :param impl: choose image printing mode between `bitImageRaster`, `graphics` or `bitImageColumn`
        :param fragment_height: Images larger than this will be split into multiple fragments *default:* 960
        :param center: Center image horizontally *default:* False
        """
        im = EscposImage(img_source)
        try:
            max_width = int(self.profile.profile_data['media']['width']['pixels'])
            if im.width > max_width:
                raise ImageWidthError('{} > {}'.format(im.width, max_width))
            if center:
                im.center(max_width)
        except KeyError:
            # If the printer's pixel width is not known, print anyways...
            pass
        except ValueError:
            # If the max_width cannot be converted to an int, print anyways...
            pass
        if im.height > fragment_height:
            fragments = im.split(fragment_height)
            for fragment in fragments:
                self.image(fragment,
                           high_density_vertical=high_density_vertical,
                           high_density_horizontal=high_density_horizontal,
                           impl=impl,
                           fragment_height=fragment_height)
            return
        if impl == "bitImageRaster":
            # GS v 0, raster format bit image
            density_byte = (0 if high_density_horizontal else 1) + (0 if high_density_vertical else 2)
-            header = GS + b"v0" + six.int2byte(density_byte) + self._int_low_high(im.width_bytes, 2) + self._int_low_high(im.height, 2)
+            header = GS + b"v0" + six.int2byte(density_byte) + self._int_low_high(im.width_bytes, 2) +\
                self._int_low_high(im.height, 2)
            self._raw(header + im.to_raster_format())
        if impl == "graphics":
@@ -119,7 +181,8 @@ class Escpos(object):
        header = self._int_low_high(len(data) + 2, 2)
        self._raw(GS + b'(L' + header + m + fn + data)
-    def qr(self, content, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_L, size=3, model=QR_MODEL_2, native=False):
+    def qr(self, content, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_L, size=3, model=QR_MODEL_2,
           native=False, center=False, impl="bitImageRaster"):
        """ Print QR Code for the provided string
        :param content: The content of the code. Numeric data will be more efficiently compacted.
@@ -131,6 +194,8 @@ class Escpos(object):
            by all printers).
        :param native: True to render the code on the printer, False to render the code as an image and send it to the
            printer (Default)
        :param center: Centers the code *default:* False
        :param impl: Image-printing-implementation, refer to :meth:`.image()` for details
        """
        # Basic validation
        if ec not in [QR_ECLEVEL_L, QR_ECLEVEL_M, QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_ECLEVEL_Q]:
@@ -157,9 +222,17 @@ class Escpos(object):
            qr_code.make(fit=True)
            qr_img = qr_code.make_image()
            im = qr_img._img.convert("RGB")
            # Convert the RGB image in printable image
-            self.image(im)
+            self.text('\n')
            self.image(im, center=center, impl=impl)
            self.text('\n')
            self.text('\n')
            return
        if center:
            raise NotImplementedError("Centering not implemented for native QR rendering")
        # Native 2D code printing
        cn = b'1'  # Code type for QR code
        # Select model: 1, 2 or micro.
@@ -194,102 +267,66 @@ class Escpos(object):
        """
        max_input = (256 << (out_bytes * 8) - 1)
        if not 1 <= out_bytes <= 4:
-            raise ValueError("Can only output 1-4 byes")
+            raise ValueError("Can only output 1-4 bytes")
        if not 0 <= inp_number <= max_input:
-            raise ValueError("Number too large. Can only output up to {0} in {1} byes".format(max_input, out_bytes))
+            raise ValueError("Number too large. Can only output up to {0} in {1} bytes".format(max_input, out_bytes))
        outp = b''
        for _ in range(0, out_bytes):
            outp += six.int2byte(inp_number % 256)
            inp_number //= 256
        return outp
-    def charcode(self, code):
+    def charcode(self, code="AUTO"):
        """ Set Character Code Table
-        Sends the control sequence from :py:mod:`escpos.constants` to the printer
+        Sets the control sequence from ``CHARCODE`` in :py:mod:`escpos.constants` as active. It will be sent with
-        with :py:meth:`escpos.printer.'implementation'._raw()`.
+        the next text sequence. If you set the variable code to ``AUTO`` it will try to automatically guess the
        right codepage. (This is the standard behaviour.)
        :param code: Name of CharCode
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError`
        """
-        # TODO improve this (rather unhandy code)
+        if code.upper() == "AUTO":
-        # TODO check the codepages
+            self.magic.force_encoding(False)
        if code.upper() == "USA":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC437)
            self.codepage = 'cp437'
        elif code.upper() == "JIS":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_JIS)
            self.codepage = 'cp932'
        elif code.upper() == "MULTILINGUAL":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC850)
            self.codepage = 'cp850'
        elif code.upper() == "PORTUGUESE":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC860)
            self.codepage = 'cp860'
        elif code.upper() == "CA_FRENCH":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC863)
            self.codepage = 'cp863'
        elif code.upper() == "NORDIC":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC865)
            self.codepage = 'cp865'
        elif code.upper() == "WEST_EUROPE":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_WEU)
            self.codepage = 'latin_1'
        elif code.upper() == "GREEK":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_GREEK)
            self.codepage = 'cp737'
        elif code.upper() == "HEBREW":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_HEBREW)
            self.codepage = 'cp862'
        # elif code.upper() == "LATVIAN":  # this is not listed in the constants
        #    self._raw(CHARCODE_PC755)
        #    self.codepage = 'cp'
        elif code.upper() == "WPC1252":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC1252)
            self.codepage = 'cp1252'
        elif code.upper() == "CIRILLIC2":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC866)
            self.codepage = 'cp866'
        elif code.upper() == "LATIN2":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC852)
            self.codepage = 'cp852'
        elif code.upper() == "EURO":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC858)
            self.codepage = 'cp858'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI42":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI42)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI11":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI11)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI13":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI13)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI14":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI14)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI16":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI16)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI17":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI17)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        elif code.upper() == "THAI18":
            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI18)
            self.codepage = 'cp874'
        else:
-            raise CharCodeError()
+            self.magic.force_encoding(code)
-    def barcode(self, code, bc, height=64, width=3, pos="BELOW", font="A", align_ct=True, function_type="A"):
+    @staticmethod
    def check_barcode(bc, code):
        """
        This method checks if the barcode is in the proper format.
        The validation concerns the barcode length and the set of characters, but won't compute/validate any checksum.
        The full set of requirement for each barcode type is available in the ESC/POS documentation.
        As an example, using EAN13, the barcode `12345678901` will be correct, because it can be rendered by the
        printer. But it does not suit the EAN13 standard, because the checksum digit is missing. Adding a wrong
        checksum in the end will also be considered correct, but adding a letter won't (EAN13 is numeric only).
        .. todo:: Add a method to compute the checksum for the different standards
        .. todo:: For fixed-length standards with mandatory checksum (EAN, UPC),
            compute and add the checksum automatically if missing.
        :param bc: barcode format, see :py:meth:`.barcode()`
        :param code: alphanumeric data to be printed as bar code, see :py:meth:`.barcode()`
        :return: bool
        """
        if bc not in BARCODE_FORMATS:
            return False
        bounds, regex = BARCODE_FORMATS[bc]
        return any(bound[0] <= len(code) <= bound[1] for bound in bounds) and re_match(regex, code)
    def barcode(self, code, bc, height=64, width=3, pos="BELOW", font="A",
                align_ct=True, function_type=None, check=True):
        """ Print Barcode
        This method allows to print barcodes. The rendering of the barcode is done by the printer and therefore has to
-        be supported by the unit. Currently you have to check manually whether your barcode text is correct. Uncorrect
+        be supported by the unit. By default, this method will check whether your barcode text is correct, that is
-        barcodes may lead to unexpected printer behaviour. There are two forms of the barcode function. Type A is
+        the characters and lengths are supported by ESCPOS. Call the method with `check=False` to disable the check, but
-        default but has fewer barcodes, while type B has some more to choose from.
+        note that uncorrect barcodes may lead to unexpected printer behaviour.
-
+        There are two forms of the barcode function. Type A is default but has fewer barcodes,
-        .. todo:: Add a method to check barcode codes. Alternatively or as an addition write explanations about each
+        while type B has some more to choose from.
                  barcode-type. Research whether the check digits can be computed autmatically.
        Use the parameters `height` and `width` for adjusting of the barcode size. Please take notice that the barcode
        will not be printed if it is outside of the printable area. (Which should be impossible with this method, so
@@ -351,17 +388,54 @@ class Escpos(object):
                         issued.
        :type align_ct: bool
-        :param function_type: Choose between ESCPOS function type A or B, depending on printer support and desired
+        :param function_type: Choose between ESCPOS function type A or B,
-            barcode.
+            depending on printer support and desired barcode. If not given,
            the printer will attempt to automatically choose the correct
            function based on the current profile.
            *default*: A
        :param check: If this parameter is True, the barcode format will be checked to ensure it meets the bc
            requirements as defigned in the esc/pos documentation. See :py:meth:`.check_barcode()`
            for more information. *default*: True.
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError`,
                 :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError`,
                 :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError`
        """
        if function_type is None:
            # Choose the function type automatically.
            if bc in BARCODE_TYPES['A']:
                function_type = 'A'
            else:
                if bc in BARCODE_TYPES['B']:
                    if not self.profile.supports(BARCODE_B):
                        raise BarcodeTypeError((
                            "Barcode type '{bc} not supported for "
                            "the current printer profile").format(bc=bc))
                    function_type = 'B'
                else:
                    raise BarcodeTypeError((
                        "Barcode type '{bc} is not valid").format(bc=bc))
        bc_types = BARCODE_TYPES[function_type.upper()]
        if bc.upper() not in bc_types.keys():
            raise BarcodeTypeError((
                "Barcode '{bc}' not valid for barcode function type "
                "{function_type}").format(
                    bc=bc,
                    function_type=function_type,
                ))
        if check and not self.check_barcode(bc, code):
            raise BarcodeCodeError((
                "Barcode '{code}' not in a valid format for type '{bc}'").format(
                code=code,
                bc=bc,
            ))
        # Align Bar Code()
        if align_ct:
-            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_CT)
+            self._raw(TXT_STYLE['align']['center'])
        # Height
        if 1 <= height <= 255:
            self._raw(BARCODE_HEIGHT + six.int2byte(height))
@@ -387,14 +461,6 @@ class Escpos(object):
        else:  # DEFAULT POSITION: BELOW
            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_BLW)
        bc_types = BARCODE_TYPES[function_type.upper()]
        if bc.upper() not in bc_types.keys():
            # TODO: Raise a better error, or fix the message of this error type
            raise BarcodeTypeError("Barcode type {bc} not valid for barcode function type {function_type}".format(
                bc=bc,
                function_type=function_type,
            ))
        self._raw(bc_types[bc.upper()])
        if function_type.upper() == "B":
@@ -409,6 +475,32 @@ class Escpos(object):
        if function_type.upper() == "A":
            self._raw(NUL)
    def soft_barcode(self, barcode_type, data, impl='bitImageColumn',
                     module_height=5, module_width=0.2, text_distance=1):
        image_writer = ImageWriter()
        # Check if barcode type exists
        if barcode_type not in barcode.PROVIDED_BARCODES:
            raise BarcodeTypeError(
                'Barcode type {} not supported by software barcode renderer'
                .format(barcode_type))
        # Render the barcode to a fake file
        barcode_class = barcode.get_barcode_class(barcode_type)
        my_code = barcode_class(data, writer=image_writer)
        with open(os.devnull, "wb") as nullfile:
            my_code.write(nullfile, {
                'module_height': module_height,
                'module_width': module_width,
                'text_distance': text_distance
            })
        # Retrieve the Pillow image and print it
        image = my_code.writer._image
        self.image(image, impl=impl)
    def text(self, txt):
        """ Print alpha-numeric text
@@ -418,142 +510,147 @@ class Escpos(object):
        :param txt: text to be printed
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
        """
-        if txt:
+        txt = six.text_type(txt)
-            if self.codepage:
+        self.magic.write(txt)
                self._raw(txt.encode(self.codepage))
            else:
                self._raw(txt.encode())
        else:
            # TODO: why is it problematic to print an empty string?
            raise TextError()
-    def block_text(self, txt, columns=None):
+    def textln(self, txt=''):
        """Print alpha-numeric text with a newline
        The text has to be encoded in the currently selected codepage.
        The input text has to be encoded in unicode.
        :param txt: text to be printed with a newline
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
        """
        self.text('{}\n'.format(txt))
    def ln(self, count=1):
        """Print a newline or more
        :param count: number of newlines to print
        :raises: :py:exc:`ValueError` if count < 0
        """
        if count < 0:
            raise ValueError('Count cannot be lesser than 0')
        if count > 0:
            self.text('\n' * count)
    def block_text(self, txt, font=None, columns=None):
        """ Text is printed wrapped to specified columns
        Text has to be encoded in unicode.
        :param txt: text to be printed
        :param font: font to be used, can be :code:`a` or :code:`b`
        :param columns: amount of columns
        :return: None
        """
-        col_count = self.columns if columns is None else columns
+        col_count = self.profile.get_columns(font) if columns is None else columns
        self.text(textwrap.fill(txt, col_count))
-    def set(self, align='left', font='a', text_type='normal', width=1, height=1, density=9, invert=False, smooth=False,
+    def set(self, align='left', font='a', bold=False, underline=0, width=1,
-            flip=False):
+            height=1, density=9, invert=False, smooth=False, flip=False,
            double_width=False, double_height=False, custom_size=False):
        """ Set text properties by sending them to the printer
        :param align: horizontal position for text, possible values are:
-            * CENTER
+            * 'center'
-            * LEFT
+            * 'left'
-            * RIGHT
+            * 'right'
-            *default*: LEFT
+            *default*: 'left'
        :param font: font type, possible values are A or B, *default*: A
        :param text_type: text type, possible values are:
-            * B for bold
+        :param font: font given as an index, a name, or one of the
-            * U for underlined
+            special values 'a' or 'b', referring to fonts 0 and 1.
-            * U2 for underlined, version 2
+        :param bold: text in bold, *default*: False
-            * BU for bold and underlined
+        :param underline: underline mode for text, decimal range 0-2,  *default*: 0
-            * BU2 for bold and underlined, version 2
+        :param double_height: doubles the height of the text
-            * NORMAL for normal text
+        :param double_width: doubles the width of the text
-
+        :param custom_size: uses custom size specified by width and height
-            *default*: NORMAL
+            parameters. Cannot be used with double_width or double_height.
-        :param width: text width multiplier, decimal range 1-8,  *default*: 1
+        :param width: text width multiplier when custom_size is used, decimal range 1-8,  *default*: 1
-        :param height: text height multiplier, decimal range 1-8, *default*: 1
+        :param height: text height multiplier when custom_size is used, decimal range 1-8, *default*: 1
        :param density: print density, value from 0-8, if something else is supplied the density remains unchanged
        :param invert: True enables white on black printing, *default*: False
        :param smooth: True enables text smoothing. Effective on 4x4 size text and larger, *default*: False
        :param flip: True enables upside-down printing, *default*: False
        :type font: str
        :type invert: bool
        :type bold: bool
        :type underline: bool
        :type smooth: bool
        :type flip: bool
        :type custom_size: bool
        :type double_width: bool
        :type double_height: bool
        :type align: str
        :type width: int
        :type height: int
        :type density: int
        """
-        # Width
+
-        if height == 2 and width == 2:
+        if custom_size:
-            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
+            if 1 <= width <= 8 and 1 <= height <= 8 and isinstance(width, int) and\
-            self._raw(TXT_4SQUARE)
+              isinstance(height, int):
-        elif height == 2 and width == 1:
+                size_byte = TXT_STYLE['width'][width] + TXT_STYLE['height'][height]
-            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
+                self._raw(TXT_SIZE + six.int2byte(size_byte))
            self._raw(TXT_2HEIGHT)
        elif width == 2 and height == 1:
            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
            self._raw(TXT_2WIDTH)
        elif width == 1 and height == 1:
            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
        elif 1 <= width <= 8 and 1 <= height <= 8 and isinstance(width, int) and isinstance(height, int):
            self._raw(TXT_SIZE + six.int2byte(TXT_WIDTH[width] + TXT_HEIGHT[height]))
            else:
                raise SetVariableError()
        # Upside down
        if flip:
            self._raw(TXT_FLIP_ON)
        else:
-            self._raw(TXT_FLIP_OFF)
+            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
-        # Smoothing
+            if double_width and double_height:
-        if smooth:
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2x'])
-            self._raw(TXT_SMOOTH_ON)
+            elif double_width:
                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2w'])
            elif double_height:
                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2h'])
            else:
-            self._raw(TXT_SMOOTH_OFF)
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'])
        # Type
        if text_type.upper() == "B":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_OFF)
        elif text_type.upper() == "U":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_ON)
        elif text_type.upper() == "U2":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL2_ON)
        elif text_type.upper() == "BU":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_ON)
        elif text_type.upper() == "BU2":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL2_ON)
        elif text_type.upper() == "NORMAL":
            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_OFF)
        # Font
        if font.upper() == "B":
            self._raw(TXT_FONT_B)
        else:  # DEFAULT FONT: A
            self._raw(TXT_FONT_A)
        # Align
        if align.upper() == "CENTER":
            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_CT)
        elif align.upper() == "RIGHT":
            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_RT)
        elif align.upper() == "LEFT":
            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_LT)
        # Density
        if density == 0:
            self._raw(PD_N50)
        elif density == 1:
            self._raw(PD_N37)
        elif density == 2:
            self._raw(PD_N25)
        elif density == 3:
            self._raw(PD_N12)
        elif density == 4:
            self._raw(PD_0)
        elif density == 5:
            self._raw(PD_P12)
        elif density == 6:
            self._raw(PD_P25)
        elif density == 7:
            self._raw(PD_P37)
        elif density == 8:
            self._raw(PD_P50)
        else:  # DEFAULT: DOES NOTHING
            pass
        # Invert Printing
        if invert:
            self._raw(TXT_INVERT_ON)
        else:
            self._raw(TXT_INVERT_OFF)
-    def cut(self, mode=''):
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['flip'][flip])
        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['smooth'][smooth])
        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['bold'][bold])
        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['underline'][underline])
        self._raw(SET_FONT(six.int2byte(self.profile.get_font(font))))
        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['align'][align])
        if density != 9:
            self._raw(TXT_STYLE['density'][density])
        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['invert'][invert])
    def line_spacing(self, spacing=None, divisor=180):
        """ Set line character spacing.
        If no spacing is given, we reset it to the default.
        There are different commands for setting the line spacing, using
        a different denominator:
        '+'' line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
        '3' line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
        'A' line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
        Some printers may not support all of them. The most commonly
        available command (using a divisor of 180) is chosen.
        """
        if spacing is None:
            self._raw(LINESPACING_RESET)
            return
        if divisor not in LINESPACING_FUNCS:
            raise ValueError("divisor must be either 360, 180 or 60")
        if (divisor in [360, 180]
                and (not(0 <= spacing <= 255))):
            raise ValueError("spacing must be a int between 0 and 255 when divisor is 360 or 180")
        if divisor == 60 and (not(0 <= spacing <= 85)):
            raise ValueError("spacing must be a int between 0 and 85 when divisor is 60")
        self._raw(LINESPACING_FUNCS[divisor] + six.int2byte(spacing))
    def cut(self, mode='FULL', feed=True):
        """ Cut paper.
        Without any arguments the paper will be cut completely. With 'mode=PART' a partial cut will
@@ -562,22 +659,39 @@ class Escpos(object):
        .. todo:: Check this function on TM-T88II.
-        :param mode: set to 'PART' for a partial cut
+        :param mode: set to 'PART' for a partial cut. default: 'FULL'
        :param feed: print and feed before cutting. default: true
        :raises ValueError: if mode not in ('FULL', 'PART')
        """
-        # Fix the size between last line and cut
+
-        # TODO: handle this with a line feed
+        if not feed:
-        self._raw(b"\n\n\n\n\n\n")
+            self._raw(GS + b'V' + six.int2byte(66) + b'\x00')
-        if mode.upper() == "PART":
+            return
        self.print_and_feed(6)
        mode = mode.upper()
        if mode not in ('FULL', 'PART'):
            raise ValueError("Mode must be one of ('FULL', 'PART')")
        if mode == "PART":
            if self.profile.supports('paperPartCut'):
                self._raw(PAPER_PART_CUT)
-        else:  # DEFAULT MODE: FULL CUT
+            elif self.profile.supports('paperFullCut'):
                self._raw(PAPER_FULL_CUT)
        elif mode == "FULL":
            if self.profile.supports('paperFullCut'):
                self._raw(PAPER_FULL_CUT)
            elif self.profile.supports('paperPartCut'):
                self._raw(PAPER_PART_CUT)
    def cashdraw(self, pin):
        """ Send pulse to kick the cash drawer
-        Kick cash drawer on pin 2 or pin 5 according to parameter.
+        Kick cash drawer on pin 2 or pin 5 according to default parameter.
        For non default parameter send a decimal sequence i.e. [27,112,48] or [27,112,0,25,255]
-        :param pin: pin number, 2 or 5
+        :param pin: pin number, 2 or 5 or list of decimals
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
        """
        if pin == 2:
@@ -585,7 +699,46 @@ class Escpos(object):
        elif pin == 5:
            self._raw(CD_KICK_5)
        else:
-            raise CashDrawerError()
+            try:
                self._raw(CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE(*pin))
            except TypeError as err:
                raise CashDrawerError(err)
    def linedisplay_select(self, select_display=False):
        """ Selects the line display or the printer
        This method is used for line displays that are daisy-chained between your computer and printer.
        If you set `select_display` to true, only the display is selected and if you set it to false,
        only the printer is selected.
        :param select_display: whether the display should be selected or the printer
        :type select_display: bool
        """
        if select_display:
            self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN)
        else:
            self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE)
    def linedisplay_clear(self):
        """ Clears the line display and resets the cursor
        This method is used for line displays that are daisy-chained between your computer and printer.
        """
        self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR)
    def linedisplay(self, text):
        """
        Display text on a line display connected to your printer
        You should connect a line display to your printer. You can do this by daisy-chaining
        the display between your computer and printer.
        :param text: Text to display
        """
        self.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
        self.linedisplay_clear()
        self.text(text)
        self.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
    def hw(self, hw):
        """ Hardware operations
@@ -605,7 +758,21 @@ class Escpos(object):
        else:  # DEFAULT: DOES NOTHING
            pass
-    def control(self, ctl, pos=4):
+    def print_and_feed(self, n=1):
        """ Print data in print buffer and feed *n* lines
            if n not in range (0, 255) then ValueError will be raised
            :param n: number of n to feed. 0 <= n <= 255. default: 1
            :raises ValueError: if not 0 <= n <= 255
        """
        if 0 <= n <= 255:
            # ESC d n
            self._raw(ESC + b"d" + six.int2byte(n))
        else:
            raise ValueError("n must be betwen 0 and 255")
    def control(self, ctl, count=5, tab_size=8):
        """ Feed control sequences
        :param ctl: string for the following control sequences:
@@ -616,14 +783,10 @@ class Escpos(object):
            * HT *for Horizontal Tab*
            * VT *for Vertical Tab*
-        :param pos: integer between 1 and 16, controls the horizontal tab position
+        :param count: integer between 1 and 32, controls the horizontal tab count. Defaults to 5.
        :param tab_size: integer between 1 and 255, controls the horizontal tab size in characters. Defaults to 8
        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
        """
        # Set tab positions
        if not (1 <= pos <= 16):
            raise TabPosError()
        else:
            self._raw(CTL_SET_HT + six.int2byte(pos))
        # Set position
        if ctl.upper() == "LF":
            self._raw(CTL_LF)
@@ -632,7 +795,16 @@ class Escpos(object):
        elif ctl.upper() == "CR":
            self._raw(CTL_CR)
        elif ctl.upper() == "HT":
-            self._raw(CTL_HT)
+            if not (0 <= count <= 32 and
                    1 <= tab_size <= 255 and
                    count * tab_size < 256):
                raise TabPosError()
            else:
                # Set tab positions
                self._raw(CTL_SET_HT)
                for iterator in range(1, count):
                    self._raw(six.int2byte(iterator * tab_size))
                self._raw(NUL)
        elif ctl.upper() == "VT":
            self._raw(CTL_VT)
@@ -659,12 +831,58 @@ class Escpos(object):
        else:
            self._raw(PANEL_BUTTON_OFF)
    def query_status(self, mode):
        """
        Queries the printer for its status, and returns an array of integers containing it.
        :param mode: Integer that sets the status mode queried to the printer.
            - RT_STATUS_ONLINE: Printer status.
            - RT_STATUS_PAPER: Paper sensor.
        :rtype: array(integer)
        """
        self._raw(mode)
        time.sleep(1)
        status = self._read()
        return status
    def is_online(self):
        """
        Queries the online status of the printer.
        :returns: When online, returns ``True``; ``False`` otherwise.
        :rtype: bool
        """
        status = self.query_status(RT_STATUS_ONLINE)
        if len(status) == 0:
            return False
        return not (status[0] & RT_MASK_ONLINE)
    def paper_status(self):
        """
        Queries the paper status of the printer.
        Returns 2 if there is plenty of paper, 1 if the paper has arrived to
        the near-end sensor and 0 if there is no paper.
        :returns: 2: Paper is adequate. 1: Paper ending. 0: No paper.
        :rtype: int
        """
        status = self.query_status(RT_STATUS_PAPER)
        if len(status) == 0:
            return 2
        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_NOPAPER == RT_MASK_NOPAPER):
            return 0
        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_LOWPAPER == RT_MASK_LOWPAPER):
            return 1
        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_PAPER == RT_MASK_PAPER):
            return 2
 class EscposIO(object):
    """ESC/POS Printer IO object
    Allows the class to be used together with the `with`-statement. You have to define a printer instance
-    and assign it to the EsposIO-class.
+    and assign it to the EscposIO class.
    This example explains the usage:
    .. code-block:: Python
--- a/src/escpos/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/escpos/exceptions.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Result/Exit codes:
    - `20` = Barcode size values are out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError`
    - `30` = Barcode text not supplied :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError`
    - `40` = Image height is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageSizeError`
    - `41` = Image width is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageWidthError`
    - `50` = No string supplied to be printed :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
    - `60` = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
    - `70` = Invalid number of tab positions :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ Result/Exit codes:
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -76,9 +77,10 @@ class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
 class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
-    """ No Barcode code was supplied.
+    """ No Barcode code was supplied, or it is incorrect.
-    No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
+    No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode` or the the `check` parameter
    was True and the check failed.
    The returncode for this exception is `30`.
    """
    def __init__(self, msg=""):
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 30
    def __str__(self):
-        return "No Barcode code was supplied"
+        return "No Barcode code was supplied ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class ImageSizeError(Error):
@@ -101,7 +103,21 @@ class ImageSizeError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 40
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed"
+        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class ImageWidthError(Error):
    """ Image width is too large.
    The return code for this exception is `41`.
    """
    def __init__(self, msg=""):
        Error.__init__(self, msg)
        self.msg = msg
        self.resultcode = 41
    def __str__(self):
        return "Image width is too large ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class TextError(Error):
@@ -116,7 +132,7 @@ class TextError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 50
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method"
+        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class CashDrawerError(Error):
@@ -131,11 +147,12 @@ class CashDrawerError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 60
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse"
+        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class TabPosError(Error):
-    """ Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16.
+    """ Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
    Both values multiplied must not exceed 255, since it is the maximum tab value.
    This exception is raised by :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.control`.
    The returncode for this exception is `70`.
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@ class TabPosError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 70
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16"
+        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class CharCodeError(Error):
@@ -161,7 +178,7 @@ class CharCodeError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 80
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid char code must be set"
+        return "Valid char code must be set ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class USBNotFoundError(Error):
@@ -176,7 +193,7 @@ class USBNotFoundError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 90
    def __str__(self):
-        return "USB device not found"
+        return "USB device not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 class SetVariableError(Error):
@@ -191,7 +208,7 @@ class SetVariableError(Error):
        self.resultcode = 100
    def __str__(self):
-        return "Set variable out of range"
+        return "Set variable out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 # Configuration errors
--- a/src/escpos/image.py
+++ b/src/escpos/image.py
@@ -5,9 +5,15 @@ This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import math
 from PIL import Image, ImageOps
@@ -30,6 +36,9 @@ class EscposImage(object):
        else:
            img_original = Image.open(img_source)
        # store image for eventual further processing (splitting)
        self.img_original = img_original
        # Convert to white RGB background, paste over white background
        # to strip alpha.
        img_original = img_original.convert('RGBA')
@@ -88,3 +97,37 @@ class EscposImage(object):
        Convert image to raster-format binary
        """
        return self._im.tobytes()
    def split(self, fragment_height):
        """
        Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels
        :param fragment_height: height of fragment
        :return: list of PIL objects
        """
        passes = int(math.ceil(self.height/fragment_height))
        fragments = []
        for n in range(0, passes):
            left = 0
            right = self.width
            upper = n * fragment_height
            lower = min((n + 1) * fragment_height, self.height)
            box = (left, upper, right, lower)
            fragments.append(self.img_original.crop(box))
        return fragments
    def center(self, max_width):
        """In-place image centering
        :param: Maximum width in order to deduce x offset for centering
        :return: None
        """
        old_width, height = self._im.size
        new_size = (max_width, height)
        new_im = Image.new("1", new_size)
        paste_x = int((max_width - old_width) / 2)
        new_im.paste(self._im, (paste_x, 0))
        self._im = new_im
--- a/src/escpos/katakana.py
+++ b/src/escpos/katakana.py
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Helpers to encode Japanese characters.
 I doubt that this currently works correctly.
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 try:
    import jaconv
 except ImportError:
    jaconv = None
 def encode_katakana(text):
    """I don't think this quite works yet."""
    encoded = []
    for char in text:
        if jaconv:
            # try to convert japanese text to half-katakanas
            char = jaconv.z2h(jaconv.hira2kata(char))
            # TODO: "the conversion may result in multiple characters"
            # If that really can happen (I am not really shure), than the string would have to be split and every single
            #  character has to passed through the following lines.
        if char in TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP:
            encoded.append(TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP[char])
        else:
            # TODO doesn't this discard all that is not in the map? Can we be sure that the input does contain only
            # encodable characters? We could at least throw an exception if encoding is not possible.
            pass
    return b"".join(encoded)
 TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP = {
    # Maps UTF-8 Katakana symbols to KATAKANA Page Codes
    # TODO: has this really to be hardcoded?
    # Half-Width Katakanas
    '｡': b'\xa1',
    '｢': b'\xa2',
    '｣': b'\xa3',
    '､': b'\xa4',
    '･': b'\xa5',
    'ｦ': b'\xa6',
    'ｧ': b'\xa7',
    'ｨ': b'\xa8',
    'ｩ': b'\xa9',
    'ｪ': b'\xaa',
    'ｫ': b'\xab',
    'ｬ': b'\xac',
    'ｭ': b'\xad',
    'ｮ': b'\xae',
    'ｯ': b'\xaf',
    'ｰ': b'\xb0',
    'ｱ': b'\xb1',
    'ｲ': b'\xb2',
    'ｳ': b'\xb3',
    'ｴ': b'\xb4',
    'ｵ': b'\xb5',
    'ｶ': b'\xb6',
    'ｷ': b'\xb7',
    'ｸ': b'\xb8',
    'ｹ': b'\xb9',
    'ｺ': b'\xba',
    'ｻ': b'\xbb',
    'ｼ': b'\xbc',
    'ｽ': b'\xbd',
    'ｾ': b'\xbe',
    'ｿ': b'\xbf',
    'ﾀ': b'\xc0',
    'ﾁ': b'\xc1',
    'ﾂ': b'\xc2',
    'ﾃ': b'\xc3',
    'ﾄ': b'\xc4',
    'ﾅ': b'\xc5',
    'ﾆ': b'\xc6',
    'ﾇ': b'\xc7',
    'ﾈ': b'\xc8',
    'ﾉ': b'\xc9',
    'ﾊ': b'\xca',
    'ﾋ': b'\xcb',
    'ﾌ': b'\xcc',
    'ﾍ': b'\xcd',
    'ﾎ': b'\xce',
    'ﾏ': b'\xcf',
    'ﾐ': b'\xd0',
    'ﾑ': b'\xd1',
    'ﾒ': b'\xd2',
    'ﾓ': b'\xd3',
    'ﾔ': b'\xd4',
    'ﾕ': b'\xd5',
    'ﾖ': b'\xd6',
    'ﾗ': b'\xd7',
    'ﾘ': b'\xd8',
    'ﾙ': b'\xd9',
    'ﾚ': b'\xda',
    'ﾛ': b'\xdb',
    'ﾜ': b'\xdc',
    'ﾝ': b'\xdd',
    'ﾞ': b'\xde',
    'ﾟ': b'\xdf',
 }
--- a/src/escpos/magicencode.py
+++ b/src/escpos/magicencode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """ Magic Encode
 This module tries to convert an UTF-8 string to an encoded string for the printer.
 It uses trial and error in order to guess the right codepage.
 The code is based on the encoding-code in py-xml-escpos by @fvdsn.
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler and Frédéric van der Essen
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from builtins import bytes
 from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
 from .exceptions import Error
 from .codepages import CodePages
 import six
 class Encoder(object):
    """Takes a list of available code spaces. Picks the right one for a
    given character.
    Note: To determine the code page, it needs to do the conversion, and
    thus already knows what the final byte in the target encoding would
    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class doesn't return the byte.
    The caller use to do the character conversion itself.
        $ python -m timeit -s "{u'ö':'a'}.get(u'ö')"
        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0133 usec per loop
        $ python -m timeit -s "u'ö'.encode('latin1')"
        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0141 usec per loop
    """
    def __init__(self, codepage_map):
        self.codepages = codepage_map
        self.available_encodings = set(codepage_map.keys())
        self.available_characters = {}
        self.used_encodings = set()
    def get_sequence(self, encoding):
        return int(self.codepages[encoding])
    def get_encoding_name(self, encoding):
        """Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
        canonical encoding name; and also validate that the encoding
        is supported.
        TODO: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
        """
        encoding = CodePages.get_encoding_name(encoding)
        if encoding not in self.codepages:
            raise ValueError((
                'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
                'Valid encodings are: {}'
                ).format(encoding, ','.join(self.codepages.keys())))
        return encoding
    @staticmethod
    def _get_codepage_char_list(encoding):
        """Get codepage character list
        Gets characters 128-255 for a given code page, as an array.
        :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the CodePage list
        """
        codepage = CodePages.get_encoding(encoding)
        if 'data' in codepage:
            encodable_chars = list("".join(codepage['data']))
            assert(len(encodable_chars) == 128)
            return encodable_chars
        elif 'python_encode' in codepage:
            encodable_chars = [u" "] * 128
            for i in range(0, 128):
                codepoint = i + 128
                try:
                    encodable_chars[i] = bytes([codepoint]).decode(codepage['python_encode'])
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    # Non-encodable character, just skip it
                    pass
            return encodable_chars
        raise LookupError("Can't find a known encoding for {}".format(encoding))
    def _get_codepage_char_map(self, encoding):
        """ Get codepage character map
        Process an encoding and return a map of UTF-characters to code points
        in this encoding.
        This is generated once only, and returned from a cache.
        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
        """
        # Skip things that were loaded previously
        if encoding in self.available_characters:
            return self.available_characters[encoding]
        codepage_char_list = self._get_codepage_char_list(encoding)
        codepage_char_map = dict((utf8, i + 128) for (i, utf8) in enumerate(codepage_char_list))
        self.available_characters[encoding] = codepage_char_map
        return codepage_char_map
    def can_encode(self, encoding, char):
        """Determine if a character is encodeable in the given code page.
        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
        :param char: The character to attempt to encode.
        """
        available_map = {}
        try:
            available_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
        except LookupError:
            return False
        # Decide whether this character is encodeable in this code page
        is_ascii = ord(char) < 128
        is_encodable = char in available_map
        return is_ascii or is_encodable
    @staticmethod
    def _encode_char(char, charmap, defaultchar):
        """ Encode a single character with the given encoding map
        :param char: char to encode
        :param charmap: dictionary for mapping characters in this code page
        """
        if ord(char) < 128:
            return ord(char)
        if char in charmap:
            return charmap[char]
        return ord(defaultchar)
    def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar='?'):
        """ Encode text under the given encoding
        :param text: Text to encode
        :param encoding: Encoding name to use (must be defined in capabilities)
        :param defaultchar: Fallback for non-encodable characters
        """
        codepage_char_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
        output_bytes = bytes([self._encode_char(char, codepage_char_map, defaultchar) for char in text])
        return output_bytes
    def __encoding_sort_func(self, item):
        key, index = item
        return (
            key in self.used_encodings,
            index
        )
    def find_suitable_encoding(self, char):
        """The order of our search is a specific one:
        1. code pages that we already tried before; there is a good
           chance they might work again, reducing the search space,
           and by re-using already used encodings we might also
           reduce the number of codepage change instructiosn we have
           to send. Still, any performance gains will presumably be
           fairly minor.
        2. code pages in lower ESCPOS slots first. Presumably, they
           are more likely to be supported, so if a printer profile
           is missing or incomplete, we might increase our change
           that the code page we pick for this character is actually
           supported.
        """
        sorted_encodings = sorted(
            self.codepages.items(),
            key=self.__encoding_sort_func)
        for encoding, _ in sorted_encodings:
            if self.can_encode(encoding, char):
                # This encoding worked; at it to the set of used ones.
                self.used_encodings.add(encoding)
                return encoding
 def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
    """Splits off as many characters from the begnning of text as
    are writable with "encoding". Returns a 2-tuple (writable, rest).
    """
    if not encoding:
        return None, text
    for idx, char in enumerate(text):
        if encoder.can_encode(encoding, char):
            continue
        return text[:idx], text[idx:]
    return text, None
 class MagicEncode(object):
    """A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
    code page to encode any given Unicode character.
    This will consider the printers supported codepages, according
    to the printer profile, and if a character cannot be encoded
    with the current profile, it will attempt to find a suitable one.
    If the printer does not support a suitable code page, it can
    insert an error character.
    """
    def __init__(self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False,
                 defaultsymbol='?', encoder=None):
        """
        :param driver:
        :param encoding: If you know the current encoding of the printer
        when initializing this class, set it here. If the current
        encoding is unknown, the first character emitted will be a
        codepage switch.
        :param disabled:
        :param defaultsymbol:
        :param encoder:
        """
        if disabled and not encoding:
            raise Error('If you disable magic encode, you need to define an encoding!')
        self.driver = driver
        self.encoder = encoder or Encoder(driver.profile.get_code_pages())
        self.encoding = self.encoder.get_encoding_name(encoding) if encoding else None
        self.defaultsymbol = defaultsymbol
        self.disabled = disabled
    def force_encoding(self, encoding):
        """Sets a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
        From now one, this buffer will switch the code page anymore.
        However, it will still keep track of the current code page.
        """
        if not encoding:
            self.disabled = False
        else:
            self.write_with_encoding(encoding, None)
            self.disabled = True
    def write(self, text):
        """Write the text, automatically switching encodings.
        """
        if self.disabled:
            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, text)
            return
        # See how far we can go into the text with the current encoding
        to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, self.encoding)
        if to_write:
            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, to_write)
        while text:
            # See if any of the code pages that the printer profile
            # supports can encode this character.
            encoding = self.encoder.find_suitable_encoding(text[0])
            if not encoding:
                self._handle_character_failed(text[0])
                text = text[1:]
                continue
            # Write as much text as possible with the encoding found.
            to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, encoding)
            if to_write:
                self.write_with_encoding(encoding, to_write)
    def _handle_character_failed(self, char):
        """Called when no codepage was found to render a character.
        """
        # Writing the default symbol via write() allows us to avoid
        # unnecesary codepage switches.
        self.write(self.defaultsymbol)
    def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
        if text is not None and type(text) is not six.text_type:
            raise Error("The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.".format(
                type=type(text)
            ))
        # We always know the current code page; if the new codepage
        # is different, emit a change command.
        if encoding != self.encoding:
            self.encoding = encoding
            self.driver._raw(
                CODEPAGE_CHANGE +
                six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding)))
        if text:
            self.driver._raw(self.encoder.encode(text, encoding))
--- a/src/escpos/printer.py
+++ b/src/escpos/printer.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -34,28 +34,45 @@ class Usb(Escpos):
    """
-    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, interface=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, usb_args=None, timeout=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01,
                 *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: N803
        """
        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
        :param idProduct: Product ID
-        :param interface: USB device interface
+        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
        :param in_ep: Input end point
        :param out_ep: Output end point
        """
        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.idVendor = idVendor
+        self.timeout = timeout
        self.idProduct = idProduct
        self.interface = interface
        self.in_ep = in_ep
        self.out_ep = out_ep
        self.open()
-    def open(self):
+        usb_args = usb_args or {}
-        """ Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device """
+        if idVendor:
-        self.device = usb.core.find(idVendor=self.idVendor, idProduct=self.idProduct)
+            usb_args['idVendor'] = idVendor
        if idProduct:
            usb_args['idProduct'] = idProduct
        self.open(usb_args)
    def open(self, usb_args):
        """ Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
        :param usb_args: USB arguments
        """
        self.device = usb.core.find(**usb_args)
        if self.device is None:
            raise USBNotFoundError("Device not found or cable not plugged in.")
        self.idVendor = self.device.idVendor
        self.idProduct = self.device.idProduct
        # pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
        # only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
        # and detach_kernel_driver().
        # This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
        if self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
            check_driver = None
            try:
@@ -82,7 +99,11 @@ class Usb(Escpos):
        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
        :type msg: bytes
        """
-        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.interface)
+        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
    def _read(self):
        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
    def close(self):
        """ Release USB interface """
@@ -131,6 +152,8 @@ class Serial(Escpos):
    def open(self):
        """ Setup serial port and set is as escpos device """
        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
            self.close()
        self.device = serial.Serial(port=self.devfile, baudrate=self.baudrate,
                                    bytesize=self.bytesize, parity=self.parity,
                                    stopbits=self.stopbits, timeout=self.timeout,
@@ -149,9 +172,13 @@ class Serial(Escpos):
        """
        self.device.write(msg)
    def _read(self):
        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
        return self.device.read(16)
    def close(self):
        """ Close Serial interface """
-        if self.device is not None:
+        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
            self.device.flush()
            self.device.close()
@@ -209,8 +236,14 @@ class Network(Escpos):
        """
        self.device.sendall(msg)
    def _read(self):
        """ Read data from the TCP socket """
        return self.device.recv(16)
    def close(self):
        """ Close TCP connection """
        if self.device is not None:
            self.device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
            self.device.close()
@@ -229,13 +262,15 @@ class File(Escpos):
    """
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", auto_flush=True, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
        """
        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.devfile = devfile
        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
        self.open()
    def open(self):
@@ -256,9 +291,12 @@ class File(Escpos):
        :type msg: bytes
        """
        self.device.write(msg)
        if self.auto_flush:
            self.flush()
    def close(self):
        """ Close system file """
        if self.device is not None:
            self.device.flush()
            self.device.close()
@@ -296,5 +334,58 @@ class Dummy(Escpos):
        """ Get the data that was sent to this printer """
        return b''.join(self._output_list)
    def clear(self):
        """ Clear the buffer of the printer
        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
        """
        del self._output_list[:]
    def close(self):
        pass
 _WIN32PRINT = False
 try:
    import win32print
    _WIN32PRINT = True
 except ImportError:
    pass
 if _WIN32PRINT:
    class Win32Raw(Escpos):
        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
            if printer_name is not None:
                self.printer_name = printer_name
            else:
                self.printer_name = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
            self.hPrinter = None
        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
            if self.printer_name is None:
                raise Exception("Printer not found")
            self.hPrinter = win32print.OpenPrinter(self.printer_name)
            self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(self.hPrinter, 1, (job_name, None, "RAW"))
            win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
        def close(self):
            if not self.hPrinter:
                return
            win32print.EndPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
            win32print.EndDocPrinter(self.hPrinter)
            win32print.ClosePrinter(self.hPrinter)
            self.hPrinter = None
        def _raw(self, msg):
            """ Print any command sent in raw format
            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
            :type msg: bytes
            """
            if self.printer_name is None:
                raise Exception("Printer not found")
            if self.hPrinter is None:
                raise Exception("Printer job not opened")
            win32print.WritePrinter(self.hPrinter, msg)
--- a/Test.LF.txt
+++ b/Test.LF.txt
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
 Dies ist ein Test.
--- a/test/conftest.py
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
@pytest.fixture
 def driver():
    return Dummy()
--- a/test/test_abstract_base_class.py
+++ b/test/test_abstract_base_class.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
--- a/test/test_cli.py
+++ b/test/test_cli.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import os
 import sys
 from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment
-from nose.tools import assert_equals
+from nose.tools import assert_equals, nottest
 import escpos
 TEST_DIR = os.path.abspath('test/test-cli-output')
@@ -30,31 +30,26 @@ printer:
 )
-class TestCLI():
+class TestCLI:
    """ Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI
    """
-    def __init__(self):
+    @classmethod
-        """ Initalize the tests.
+    def setup_class(cls):
        Just define some vars here since most of them get set during
        setup_class and teardown_class
        """
        self.env = None
        self.default_args = None
    @staticmethod
    def setup_class():
        """ Create a config file to read from """
        with open(CONFIGFILE, 'w') as config:
            config.write(CONFIG_YAML)
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def teardown_class():
+    def teardown_class(cls):
        """ Remove config file """
        os.remove(CONFIGFILE)
    def setup(self):
        """ Create a file to print to and set up env"""
        self.env = None
        self.default_args = None
        self.env = TestFileEnvironment(
            base_path=TEST_DIR,
            cwd=os.getcwd(),
@@ -89,6 +84,7 @@ class TestCLI():
        assert not result.stderr
        assert_equals(escpos.__version__, result.stdout.strip())
    @nottest  # disable this test as it is not that easy anymore to predict the outcome of this call
    def test_cli_text(self):
        """ Make sure text returns what we sent it """
        test_text = 'this is some text'
--- a/test/test_function_barcode.py
+++ b/test/test_function_barcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import BARCODE_TYPE_A, BARCODE_TYPE_B
 from escpos.capabilities import Profile, BARCODE_B
 from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError, BarcodeCodeError
 import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data,expected", [
    ('EAN13', '4006381333931',
        b'\x1ba\x01\x1dh@\x1dw\x03\x1df\x00\x1dH\x02\x1dk\x024006381333931\x00')
 ])
 def test_barcode(bctype, data, expected):
    """should generate different barcode types correctly.
    """
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.barcode(data, bctype)
    assert instance.output == expected
@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,supports_b", [
    ('invalid', True),
    ('CODE128', False),
 ])
 def test_lacks_support(bctype, supports_b):
    """should raise an error if the barcode type is not supported.
    """
    profile = Profile(features={BARCODE_B: supports_b})
    instance = printer.Dummy(profile=profile)
    with pytest.raises(BarcodeTypeError):
        instance.barcode('test', bctype)
    assert instance.output == b''
@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
    ('EAN13', 'AA'),
    ('CODE128', '{D2354AA'),
 ])
 def test_code_check(bctype, data):
    """should raise an error if the barcode code is invalid.
    """
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    with pytest.raises(BarcodeCodeError):
        instance.barcode(data, bctype)
    assert instance.output == b''
--- a/test/test_function_cashdraw.py
+++ b/test/test_function_cashdraw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.exceptions import CashDrawerError
 import pytest
 def test_raise_CashDrawerError():
    """should raise an error if the sequence is invalid.
    """
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    with pytest.raises(CashDrawerError):
        # call with sequence that is too long
        instance.cashdraw([1,1,1,1,1,1])
--- a/test/test_function_check_barcode.py
+++ b/test/test_function_check_barcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import escpos.printer as printer
 import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
    ('UPC-A', '01234567890'),
    ('UPC-A', '012345678905'),
    ('UPC-E', '01234567'),
    ('UPC-E', '0123456'),
    ('UPC-E', '012345678905'),
    ('EAN13', '0123456789012'),
    ('EAN13', '012345678901'),
    ('EAN8', '01234567'),
    ('EAN8', '0123456'),
    ('CODE39', 'ABC-1234'),
    ('CODE39', 'ABC-1234-$$-+A'),
    ('CODE39', '*WIKIPEDIA*'),
    ('ITF', '010203040506070809'),
    ('ITF', '11221133113344556677889900'),
    ('CODABAR', 'A2030405060B'),
    ('CODABAR', 'C11221133113344556677889900D'),
    ('CODABAR', 'D0D'),
    ('NW7', 'A2030405060B'),
    ('NW7', 'C11221133113344556677889900D'),
    ('NW7', 'D0D'),
    ('CODE93', 'A2030405060B'),
    ('CODE93', '+:$&23-7@$'),
    ('CODE93', 'D0D'),
    ('CODE128', '{A2030405060B'),
    ('CODE128', '{C+:$&23-7@$'),
    ('CODE128', '{B0D'),
    ('GS1-128', '{A2030405060B'),
    ('GS1-128', '{C+:$&23-7@$'),
    ('GS1-128', '{B0D'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '0123456789123'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '0123456789123'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '0123456789123'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(9A{A20304+-%&06a0B'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(1 {C+:&23-7%'),
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(00000001234567678'),
 ])
 def test_check_valid_barcode(bctype, data):
    assert (printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("bctype,data", [
    ('UPC-A', '01234567890123'),  # too long
    ('UPC-A', '0123456789'),  # too short
    ('UPC-A', '72527273-711'),  # invalid '-'
    ('UPC-A', 'A12345678901'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('UPC-E', '01234567890123'),  # too long
    ('UPC-E', '012345'),  # too short
    ('UPC-E', '72527-2'),  # invalid '-'
    ('UPC-E', 'A123456'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('EAN13', '0123456789'),  # too short
    ('EAN13', 'A123456789012'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('EAN13', '012345678901234'),  # too long
    ('EAN8', '012345'),  # too short
    ('EAN8', 'A123456789012'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('EAN8', '012345678901234'),  # too long
    ('CODE39', 'ALKJ_34'),  # invalid '_'
    ('CODE39', 'A' * 256),  # too long
    ('ITF', '010203040'),  # odd length
    ('ITF', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('ITF', 'AB01'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('CODABAR', '010203040'),  # no start/stop
    ('CODABAR', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('CODABAR', 'AB-01F'),  # invalid 'B'
    ('NW7', '010203040'),  # no start/stop
    ('NW7', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('NW7', 'AB-01F'),  # invalid 'B'
    ('CODE93', 'é010203040'),  # invalid 'é'
    ('CODE93', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('CODE128', '010203040'),  # missing leading {
    ('CODE128', '{D2354AA'),  # second char not between A-C
    ('CODE128', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('GS1-128', '010203040'),  # missing leading {
    ('GS1-128', '{D2354AA'),  # second char not between A-C
    ('GS1-128', '0' * 256),  # too long
    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '01234567891234'),  # too long
    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '012345678912'),  # too short
    ('GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '01234567891234'),  # too long
    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '012345678912'),  # too short
    ('GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '01234567891234'),  # too long
    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '012345678912'),  # too short
    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '012345678A1234'),  # invalid 'A'
    ('GS1 DATABAR LIMITED', '02345678912341'),  # invalid start (should be 01)
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '010203040'),  # missing leading (
    ('GS1-128', '(' + ('0' * 256)),  # too long
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', '(a{D2354AA'),  # second char not between 0-9
    ('GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED', 'IT will fail'),  # first char not '('
 ])
 def test_check_invalid_barcode(bctype, data):
    assert (not printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data))
--- a/test/test_function_cut.py
+++ b/test/test_function_cut.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import six
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import GS
 def test_cut_without_feed():
    """Test cut without feeding paper"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.cut(feed=False)
    expected = GS + b'V' + six.int2byte(66) + b'\x00'
    assert(instance.output == expected)
--- a/test/test_function_dummy_clear.py
+++ b/test/test_function_dummy_clear.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 from nose.tools import assert_raises
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 def test_printer_dummy_clear():
    printer = Dummy()
    printer.text("Hello")
    printer.clear()
    assert(printer.output == b'')
--- a/test/test_function_image.py
+++ b/test/test_function_image.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-import escpos.printer as printer
+import pytest
 from PIL import Image
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.exceptions import ImageWidthError
 # Raster format print
 def test_bit_image_black():
@@ -130,3 +134,46 @@ def test_graphics_transparent():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="graphics")
    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
 def test_large_graphics():
    """
    Test whether 'large' graphics that induce a fragmentation are handled correctly.
    """
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster", fragment_height=1)
    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\xc0\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00')
@pytest.fixture
 def dummy_with_width():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.profile.profile_data = {
        'media': {
            'width': {
                'pixels': 384
            }
        }
    }
    return instance
 def test_width_too_large(dummy_with_width):
    """
    Test printing an image that is too large in width.
    """
    instance = dummy_with_width
    with pytest.raises(ImageWidthError):
        instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (385, 200)))
    instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (384, 200)))
 def test_center_image(dummy_with_width):
    instance = dummy_with_width
    with pytest.raises(ImageWidthError):
        instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (385, 200)), center=True)
    instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (384, 200)), center=True)
--- a/test/test_function_linedisplay.py
+++ b/test/test_function_linedisplay.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """tests for line display
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import escpos.printer as printer
 def test_function_linedisplay_select_on():
    """test the linedisplay_select function (activate)"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x3D\x02')
 def test_function_linedisplay_select_off():
    """test the linedisplay_select function (deactivate)"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x3D\x01')
 def test_function_linedisplay_clear():
    """test the linedisplay_clear function"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.linedisplay_clear()
    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x40')
--- a/test/test_function_panel_button.py
+++ b/test/test_function_panel_button.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -12,43 +12,18 @@ from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from nose.tools import with_setup
 import escpos.printer as printer
 import os
 devfile = 'testfile'
 def setup_testfile():
    """create a testfile as devfile"""
    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
    try:
        os.utime(devfile, None)
    finally:
        fhandle.close()
 def teardown_testfile():
    """destroy testfile again"""
    os.remove(devfile)
@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_function_panel_button_on():
    """test the panel button function (enabling) by comparing output"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.panel_buttons()
-    instance.flush()
+    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x00')
    with open(devfile, "rb") as f:
        assert(f.read() == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x00')
@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_function_panel_button_off():
    """test the panel button function (disabling) by comparing output"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.panel_buttons(False)
-    instance.flush()
+    assert(instance.output == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x01')
    with open(devfile, "rb") as f:
        assert(f.read() == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x01')
--- a/test/test_function_qr_native.py
+++ b/test/test_function_qr_native.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from nose.tools import raises
 import pytest
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_MODEL_1
@@ -25,7 +27,6 @@ def test_defaults():
        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
    assert(instance.output == expected)
 def test_empty():
    """Test QR printing blank code"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
@@ -81,14 +82,17 @@ def test_invalid_model():
    instance.qr("1234", native=True, model="Hello")
@pytest.mark.skip("this test has to be debugged")
 def test_image():
    """Test QR as image"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.qr("1", native=False, size=1)
    print(instance.output)
-    expected = b'\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et' \
+    expected = b'\x1bt\x00\n' \
        b'\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et' \
        b']ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00' \
-        b'i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]\'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00'
+        b'i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]\'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00' \
        b'\n\n'
    assert(instance.output == expected)
@@ -97,3 +101,13 @@ def test_image_invalid_model():
    """Test unsupported QR model as image"""
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.qr("1234", native=False, model=QR_MODEL_1)
@pytest.fixture
 def instance():
    return printer.Dummy()
 def test_center_not_implementer(instance):
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
        instance.qr("test", center=True, native=True)
--- a/test/test_function_qr_non-native.py
+++ b/test/test_function_qr_non-native.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the non-native part of qr()
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 import mock
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 from PIL import Image
@mock.patch('escpos.printer.Dummy.image', spec=Dummy)
 def test_type_of_object_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
    """
    Test the type of object that is passed to the image function during non-native qr-printing.
    The type should be PIL.Image
    """
    d = Dummy()
    d.qr("LoremIpsum")
    args, kwargs = img_function.call_args
    assert isinstance(args[0], Image.Image)
@pytest.fixture
 def instance():
    return Dummy()
 def test_center(instance):
    instance.qr("LoremIpsum", center=True)
--- a/test/test_function_set.py
+++ b/test/test_function_set.py
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import six
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE, SET_FONT
 from escpos.constants import TXT_SIZE
 # Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls
 def test_default_values():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set()
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Size tests
 def test_set_size_2h():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(double_height=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2h'],  # Double height text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_set_size_2w():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(double_width=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2w'],  # Double width text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_set_size_2x():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(double_height=True, double_width=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['2x'],  # Double text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_set_size_custom():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE['width'][8] + TXT_STYLE['height'][7]),
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Flip
 def test_set_flip():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(flip=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][True],  # Flip ON
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Smooth
 def test_smooth():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(smooth=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][True],  # Smooth ON
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Type
 def test_set_bold():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(bold=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][True],  # Bold ON
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_set_underline():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(underline=1)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][1],  # Underline ON, type 1
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_set_underline2():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(underline=2)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][2],  # Underline ON, type 2
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert (instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Align
 def test_align_center():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(align='center')
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['center'],  # Align center
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 def test_align_right():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(align='right')
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['right'],  # Align right
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
    )
    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Densities
 def test_densities():
    for density in range(8):
        instance = printer.Dummy()
        instance.set(density=density)
        expected_sequence = (
            TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
            TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
            TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
            TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
            TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
            SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
            TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
            TXT_STYLE['density'][density],  # Custom density from 0 to 8
            TXT_STYLE['invert'][False]  # Inverted OFF
        )
        assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
 # Invert
 def test_invert():
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.set(invert=True)
    expected_sequence = (
        TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'],  # Normal text size
        TXT_STYLE['flip'][False],  # Flip OFF
        TXT_STYLE['smooth'][False],  # Smooth OFF
        TXT_STYLE['bold'][False],  # Bold OFF
        TXT_STYLE['underline'][0],  # Underline OFF
        SET_FONT(b'\x00'),  # Default font
        TXT_STYLE['align']['left'],  # Align left
        TXT_STYLE['invert'][True]  # Inverted ON
    )
    assert(instance.output == b''.join(expected_sequence))
--- a/test/test_function_softbarcode.py
+++ b/test/test_function_softbarcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import escpos.printer as printer
 import pytest
 def test_soft_barcode():
    """just execute soft_barcode
    """
    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234")
--- a/test/test_function_text.py
+++ b/test/test_function_text.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -12,34 +12,54 @@ from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
-from nose.tools import with_setup
+import pytest
-
+import mock
-import escpos.printer as printer
+from hypothesis import given, assume
-import os
+import hypothesis.strategies as st
-
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
 import filecmp
 devfile = 'testfile'
-def setup_testfile():
+def get_printer():
-    """create a testfile as devfile"""
+    return Dummy(magic_encode_args={'disabled': True, 'encoding': 'CP437'})
    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
    try:
        os.utime(devfile, None)
    finally:
        fhandle.close()
-def teardown_testfile():
+@given(text=st.text())
-    """destroy testfile again"""
+def test_text(text):
-    os.remove(devfile)
+    """Test that text() calls the MagicEncode object.
    """
    instance = get_printer()
    instance.magic.write = mock.Mock()
    instance.text(text)
    instance.magic.write.assert_called_with(text)
-@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
+def test_block_text():
-def test_function_text_dies_ist_ein_test_lf():
+    printer = get_printer()
-    """test the text printing function with simple string and compare output"""
+    printer.block_text(
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+        "All the presidents men were eating falafel for breakfast.", font='a')
-    instance.text('Dies ist ein Test.\n')
+    assert printer.output == \
-    instance.flush()
+        b'All the presidents men were eating falafel\nfor breakfast.'
-    assert(filecmp.cmp('test/Dies ist ein Test.LF.txt', devfile))
+
 def test_textln():
    printer = get_printer()
    printer.textln('hello, world')
    assert printer.output == b'hello, world\n'
 def test_textln_empty():
    printer = get_printer()
    printer.textln()
    assert printer.output == b'\n'
 def test_ln():
    printer = get_printer()
    printer.ln()
    assert printer.output == b'\n'
 def test_multiple_ln():
    printer = get_printer()
    printer.ln(3)
    assert printer.output == b'\n\n\n'
--- a/test/test_functions.py
+++ b/test/test_functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
 from nose.tools import assert_raises
 from escpos.printer import Dummy
 def test_line_spacing_code_gen():
    printer = Dummy()
    printer.line_spacing(10)
    assert printer.output == b'\x1b3\n'
 def test_line_spacing_rest():
    printer = Dummy()
    printer.line_spacing()
    assert printer.output == b'\x1b2'
 def test_line_spacing_error_handling():
    printer = Dummy()
    with assert_raises(ValueError):
        printer.line_spacing(99, divisor=44)
    with assert_raises(ValueError):
        printer.line_spacing(divisor=80, spacing=86)
    with assert_raises(ValueError):
        printer.line_spacing(divisor=360, spacing=256)
    with assert_raises(ValueError):
        printer.line_spacing(divisor=180, spacing=256)
--- a/test/test_image.py
+++ b/test/test_image.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ converted to ESC/POS column & raster formats.
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from escpos.image import EscposImage
@@ -43,6 +43,20 @@ def test_image_white():
        _load_and_check_img('canvas_white.' + img_format, 1, 1, b'\x00', [b'\x00'])
 def test_split():
    """
    test whether the split-function works as expected
    """
    im = EscposImage('test/resources/black_white.png')
    (upper_part, lower_part) = im.split(1)
    upper_part = EscposImage(upper_part)
    lower_part = EscposImage(lower_part)
    assert(upper_part.width == lower_part.width == 2)
    assert(upper_part.height == lower_part.height == 1)
    assert(upper_part.to_raster_format() == b'\xc0')
    assert(lower_part.to_raster_format() == b'\x00')
 def _load_and_check_img(filename, width_expected, height_expected, raster_format_expected, column_format_expected):
    """
    Load an image, and test whether raster & column formatted output, sizes, etc match expectations.
--- a/test/test_load_module.py
+++ b/test/test_load_module.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
@@ -12,30 +12,10 @@ from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 from nose.tools import with_setup
 import escpos.printer as printer
 import os
 devfile = 'testfile'
 def setup_testfile():
    """create a testfile as devfile"""
    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
    try:
        os.utime(devfile, None)
    finally:
        fhandle.close()
 def teardown_testfile():
    """destroy testfile again"""
    os.remove(devfile)
@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_instantiation():
    """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class and basic printing"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
    instance.text('This is a test\n')
--- a/test/test_magicencode.py
+++ b/test/test_magicencode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the magic encode module
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 from nose.tools import raises, assert_raises
 from hypothesis import given, example
 import hypothesis.strategies as st
 from escpos.magicencode import MagicEncode, Encoder
 from escpos.katakana import encode_katakana
 from escpos.exceptions import CharCodeError, Error
 class TestEncoder:
    """
    Tests the single encoders.
    """
    def test_can_encode(self):
        assert not Encoder({'CP437': 1}).can_encode('CP437', u'€')
        assert Encoder({'CP437': 1}).can_encode('CP437', u'á')
        assert not Encoder({'foobar': 1}).can_encode('foobar', 'a')
    def test_find_suitable_encoding(self):
        assert not Encoder({'CP437': 1}).find_suitable_encoding(u'€')
        assert Encoder({'CP858': 1}).find_suitable_encoding(u'€') == 'CP858'
    @raises(ValueError)
    def test_get_encoding(self):
        Encoder({}).get_encoding_name('latin1')
 class TestMagicEncode:
    """
    Tests the magic encode functionality.
    """
    class TestInit:
        """
        Test initialization.
        """
        def test_disabled_requires_encoding(self, driver):
            """
            Test that disabled without encoder raises an error.
            :param driver:
            """
            with pytest.raises(Error):
                MagicEncode(driver, disabled=True)
    class TestWriteWithEncoding:
        def test_init_from_none(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding=None)
            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro.'
        def test_change_from_another(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP437')
            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro.'
        def test_no_change(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP858')
            encode.write_with_encoding('CP858', '€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'\xd5 ist teuro.'
    class TestWrite:
        def test_write(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver)
            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x0f\xa4 ist teuro.'
        def test_write_disabled(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding='CP437', disabled=True)
            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'? ist teuro.'
        def test_write_no_codepage(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(
                driver, defaultsymbol="_", encoder=Encoder({'CP437': 1}),
                encoding='CP437')
            encode.write(u'€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'_ ist teuro.'
    class TestForceEncoding:
        def test(self, driver):
            encode = MagicEncode(driver)
            encode.force_encoding('CP437')
            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x00'
            encode.write('€ ist teuro.')
            assert driver.output == b'\x1bt\x00? ist teuro.'
 try:
    import jaconv
 except ImportError:
    jaconv = None
@pytest.mark.skipif(not jaconv, reason="jaconv not installed")
 class TestKatakana:
    @given(st.text())
    @example("カタカナ")
    @example("あいうえお")
    @example("ﾊﾝｶｸｶﾀｶﾅ")
    def test_accept(self, text):
        encode_katakana(text)
    def test_result(self):
        assert encode_katakana('カタカナ') == b'\xb6\xc0\xb6\xc5'
        assert encode_katakana("あいうえお") == b'\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5'
--- a/test/test_printer_file.py
+++ b/test/test_printer_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 #  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """tests for the File printer
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import six
 import pytest
 from hypothesis import given, settings
 from hypothesis.strategies import text
 import escpos.printer as printer
 if six.PY3:
    mock_open_call = 'builtins.open'
 else:
    mock_open_call = '__builtin__.open'
@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
@settings(use_coverage=False)
@given(path=text())
 def test_load_file_printer(mocker, path):
    """test the loading of the file-printer"""
    mock_escpos = mocker.patch('escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__')
    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
    printer.File(devfile=path)
    assert mock_escpos.called
    mock_open.assert_called_with(path, "wb")
@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
@settings(deadline=None, use_coverage=False)
@given(txt=text())
 def test_auto_flush(mocker, txt):
    """test auto_flush in file-printer"""
    mock_escpos = mocker.patch('escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__')
    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, 'device')
    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
    # inject the mocked device-object
    p.device = mock_device
    p._raw(txt)
    assert not mock_device.flush.called
    mock_device.reset_mock()
    p = printer.File(auto_flush=True)
    # inject the mocked device-object
    p.device = mock_device
    p._raw(txt)
    assert mock_device.flush.called
@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
@settings(deadline=None, use_coverage=False)
@given(txt=text())
 def test_flush_on_close(mocker, txt):
    """test flush on close in file-printer"""
    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, 'device')
    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
    # inject the mocked device-object
    p.device = mock_device
    p._raw(txt)
    assert not mock_device.flush.called
    p.close()
    assert mock_device.flush.called
    assert mock_device.close.called
--- a/test/test_profile.py
+++ b/test/test_profile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 import pytest
 from escpos.capabilities import get_profile, NotSupported, BARCODE_B, Profile
@pytest.fixture
 def profile():
    return get_profile('default')
 class TestBaseProfile:
    """Test the `BaseProfile` class.
    """
    def test_get_font(self, profile):
        with pytest.raises(NotSupported):
            assert profile.get_font('3')
        assert profile.get_font(1) == 1
        assert profile.get_font('a') == 0
    def test_supports(self, profile):
        assert not profile.supports('asdf asdf')
        assert profile.supports(BARCODE_B)
    def test_get_columns(self, profile):
        assert profile.get_columns('a') > 5
        with pytest.raises(NotSupported):
            assert profile.get_columns('asdfasdf')
 class TestCustomProfile:
    """Test custom profile options with the `Profile` class.
    """
    def test_columns(self):
        assert Profile(columns=10).get_columns('sdfasdf') == 10
    def test_features(self):
        assert Profile(features={'foo': True}).supports('foo')
--- a/test/test_raise_arbitrary_error.py
+++ b/test/test_raise_arbitrary_error.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
 """test the raising of errors with the error module
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 from __future__ import division
 from __future__ import print_function
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 import pytest
 import escpos
 import escpos.exceptions
 def test_raise_error_wrongly():
    """raise error the wrong way
    should reproduce https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues/257
    """
    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
        raise escpos.Error("This should raise an AttributeError.")
 def tests_raise_error():
    """raise error the right way"""
    with pytest.raises(escpos.exceptions.Error):
        raise escpos.exceptions.Error("This should raise an error.")
--- a/test/test_with_statement.py
+++ b/test/test_with_statement.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 from __future__ import absolute_import
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,15 +1,31 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py27, py34, py35, docs
+envlist = py27, py34, py35, py36, py37, docs, flake8
 [testenv]
 deps = nose
       jaconv
       coverage
       scripttest
-commands = nosetests --with-coverage --cover-erase --cover-branches
+       mock
       pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0
       pytest-cov
       pytest-mock
       hypothesis!=3.56.9,<4
       viivakoodi
 commands = py.test --cov escpos
 passenv = ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE CI TRAVIS TRAVIS_* APPVEYOR APPVEYOR_* CODECOV_*
 [testenv:docs]
 basepython = python
 changedir = doc
-deps = sphinx
+deps = sphinx>=1.5.1
       setuptools_scm
       viivakoodi
 commands = sphinx-build -W -b html -d {envtmpdir}/doctrees .  {envtmpdir}/html
 [testenv:flake8]
 basepython = python
 # TODO add flake8-future
 # TODO add flake8-docstrings
 deps = flake8
 commands = flake8
		`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							`../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json`