add changelog (#516)

* disable git checkout head²

* update pull request template

* add importlib metadata to requirements for doc build

* update capabilities data

.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[run]
+branch = True

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
-### Contributor checklist
-<!-- mark with x between the brackets -->
-- [ ] I have read the CONTRIBUTING.rst
-- [ ] I have tested my contribution on these devices:
- * e.g. Epson TM-T88II
-- [ ] My contribution is ready to be merged as is
-
-----------
-
 ### Description
+
+
+### Tested with
+_If applicable, please describe with which device you have tested._

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
+# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
+# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
+# https://help.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip" # See documentation for possible values
+    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/doc"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gitsubmodule"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/black.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: Lint (Black code style)
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  black-code-style:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: psf/black@stable
+        with:
+          version: "23.3.0"
+

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [master]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 1 * * 5'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Override automatic language detection by changing the below list
+        # Supported options are ['csharp', 'cpp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python']
+        language: ['python']
+        # Learn more...
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#overriding-automatic-language-detection
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+        fetch-depth: 2
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/documentation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# This is a basic workflow to help you get started with Actions
+
+name: Documentation build
+
+# Controls when the action will run. Triggers the workflow on push or pull request
+# events but only for the master branch
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
+jobs:
+  # This workflow contains a single job called "docs"
+  docs:
+    # The type of runner that the job will run on
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    # Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          submodules: 'recursive'
+      - name: Install packages
+        run:
+          sudo apt-get update -y &&
+          sudo apt-get install -y git python3-sphinx graphviz libenchant-2-2 &&
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc libcups2-dev python3-dev python3-setuptools &&
+          sudo pip install tox pycups
+      - name: Test doc build
+        run: tox -e docs

.github/workflows/pythonpackage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11']
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      with:
+        submodules: 'recursive'
+    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v4.6.0
+      with:
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest tox tox-gh-actions
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with tox
+      run: |
+        tox
+      env:
+        ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE: /home/runner/work/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json

.gitignore

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 $~
 .idea/
 .directory
+.cache/
+settings.json
 
 # temporary data
 temp
@@ -19,6 +21,22 @@ dist/
 .coverage
 src/escpos/version.py
 .hypothesis
+.pytest_cache/
+
+# pyenv
+.python-version
 
 # testing temporary directories
 test/test-cli-output/
+
+# vim swap files
+*.swp
+*.swn
+*.swo
+
+# vscode
+.vscode/*
+!.vscode/settings.json
+!.vscode/tasks.json
+!.vscode/launch.json
+!.vscode/extensions.json

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[submodule "capabilities-data"]
+	path = capabilities-data
+	url = https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db.git
+	branch = master

.mailmap

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<dev@pkanzler.de>                                    <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>
+<manpaz@gmail.com>                                   <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
+Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@gmail.com>                 manpaz <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
+<emailofdavis@gmail.com>                             <davis.goglin@oregonicecream.com>
+Davis Goglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>                davisgoglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>
+Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>    Michael <michael.billington@gmail.com>
+Cody (Quantified Code Bot) <cody@quantifiedcode.com> Cody <cody@quantifiedcode.com>
+Renato Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>        Renato.Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>
+Ahmed Tahri <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>                    TAHRI Ahmed <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>
+Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.com>           Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.info>
+Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>            Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>
+csoft2k <csoft2k@hotmail.com>
+Sergio Pulgarin <sergio.pulgarin@gmail.com>
+reck31 <rakesh.gunduka@gmail.com>
+Alex Debiasio <alex.debiasio@thinkin.io>             <alex.debiasio@studenti.unitn.it>
+白月秋见心 <ourweijiang@gmail.com>
+Maximilian Wagenbach <maximilian.wagenbach@native-instruments.de>
+<belono@users.noreply.github.com>                    <tiotil.lindeman@gmail.com>
+belono <belono@users.noreply.github.com>             Benito López <belono@users.noreply.github.com>

.travis.yml

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-language: python
-sudo: false
-cache: pip
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - graphviz
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - python: 2.7
-      env: TOXENV=py27
-    - python: 3.3
-      env: TOXENV=py33
-    - python: 3.4
-      env: TOXENV=py34
-    - python: 3.5
-      env: TOXENV=py35
-    - python: 3.5-dev
-      env: TOXENV=py35
-    - python: nightly
-      env: TOXENV=py36
-    - python: pypy
-      env: TOXENV=pypy
-    - python: pypy3
-      env: TOXENV=pypy3
-    - python: 2.7
-      env: TOXENV=docs
-  allow_failures:
-    - python: 3.5-dev
-    - python: nightly
-    - python: pypy3
-before_install:
-    - pip install tox codecov
-script:
-    - tox
-    - codecov

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "esbonio.sphinx.confDir": "${workspaceFolder}/doc",
+  "files.watcherExclude": {
+    "**/.git/objects/**": true,
+    "**/.git/subtree-cache/**": true,
+    "**/node_modules/*/**": true,
+    "**/.eggs/**": true,
+    "**/.hypothesis/**": true,
+    "**/.tox/**": true,
+  },
+  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+  "editor.formatOnPaste": true,
+  "python.formatting.provider": "black",
+}

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
+    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "test with tox",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "tox",
+            "group": {
+                "kind": "test",
+                "isDefault": true
+              }
+        }
+    ]
+}

AUTHORS

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Ahmed Tahri
+akeonly
+Alejandro Hernández
+Alexander Bougakov
+Alex Debiasio
+Asuki Kono
+belono
+B. Howell
+Brian
+Christoph Heuel
+Cody (Quantified Code Bot)
+csoft2k
+Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+Davis Goglin
+Dean Rispin
+dependabot[bot]
+Dmytro Katyukha
+Gerard Marull-Paretas
+Hark
+Joel Lehtonen
+Justin Vieira
+kennedy
+Kristi
+ldos
+Lucy Linder
+Manuel F Martinez
+Mathieu Poussin
+Maximilian Wagenbach
+Michael Billington
+Michael Elsdörfer
+mrwunderbar666
+Nathan Bookham
+Omer Akram
+Patrick Kanzler
+primax79
+Qian Linfeng
+Ramon Poca
+reck31
+Renato Lorenzi
+Romain Porte
+Sam Cheng
+Sergio Pulgarin
+Stephan Sokolow
+Thijs Triemstra
+Thomas van den Berg
+Yaisel Hurtado
+ysuolmai
+白月秋见心

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,276 @@
 *********
 Changelog
 *********
+2023-05-11 - Version 3.0a9 - "Pride Comes Before A Fall"
+--------------------------------------------------------
+This release is the 10th alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+After three years hiatus, a new release is in work in order to
+finally get a version 3.0 out.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- Include support for CUPS based printer interfaces
+- Move the build toolchain to GitHub
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- belono
+- brendanhowell
+- AlexandroJaez
+- NullYing
+- kedare
+- Foaly
+- patkan
+- and others
+
+2020-05-12 - Version 3.0a8 - "Only Slightly Bent"
+-------------------------------------------------
+This release is the ninth alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+Please be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0 is
+released.
+
+This release drops support for Python 2, requiring at least
+version 3.5 of Python.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- Drop support for Python 2 and mark in setuptools as only supporting 3.5 and upwards
+- remove landscape.io badge
+- replace viivakoodi with python-barcode which is maintained
+- add configuration for Visual Studio Code
+- use pkg_resources for the retrieval of the capabilities.json
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Romain Porte
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2020-05-09 - Version 3.0a7 - "No Fixed Abode"
+---------------------------------------------
+This release is the eight alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+Please be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0
+is released.
+
+This release also marks the point at which the project transitioned
+to having only a master-branch (and not an additional development branch).
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- add Exception for NotImplementedError in detach_kernel_driver
+- update installation information
+- update and improve documentation
+- add error handling to image centering flag
+- update and fix tox and CI environment, preparing drop of support for Python 2
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Alexander Bougakov
+- Brian
+- Yaisel Hurtado
+- Maximilan Wagenbach
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2019-06-19 - Version 3.0a6 - "Mistake not..."
+---------------------------------------------
+This release is the seventh alpha release of the new version 3.0.
+Please be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0 is
+released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- fix inclusion of the capabilities-file
+- execute CI jobs also on Windows and macOS-targets
+- improve documentation
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2019-06-16 - Version 3.0a5 - "Lightly Seared On The Reality Grill"
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+This release is the sixth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API is subject to change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- allow arbitrary USB arguments in USB-class
+- add Win32Raw-Printer on Windows-platforms
+- add and improve Windows support of USB-class
+- use pyyaml safe_load()
+- improve doc
+- implement _read method of Network printer class
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Gerard Marull-Paretas
+- Ramon Poca
+- akeonly
+- Omer Akram
+- Justin Vieira
+
+2018-05-15 - Version 3.0a4 - "Kakistocrat"
+------------------------------------------
+This release is the fifth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- raise exception when TypeError occurs in cashdraw (#268)
+- Feature/clear content in dummy printer (#271)
+- fix is_online() (#282)
+- improve documentation
+- Modified submodule to always pull from master branch (#283)
+- parameter for implementation of nonnative qrcode (#289)
+- improve platform independence (#296)
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Christoph Heuel
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- kennedy
+- primax79
+- reck31
+- Thijs Triemstra
+
+2017-10-08 - Version 3.0a3 - "Just Testing"
+-------------------------------------------
+This release is the fourth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- minor changes in documentation, tests and examples
+- pickle capabilities for faster startup
+- first implementation of centering images and QR
+- check barcodes based on regex
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Lucy Linder
+- Romain Porte
+- Sergio Pulgarin
+
+2017-08-04 - Version 3.0a2 - "It's My Party And I'll Sing If I Want To"
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+This release is the third alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- refactor of the set-method
+- preliminary support of POS "line display" printing
+- improvement of tests
+- added ImageWidthError
+- list authors in repository
+- add support for software-based barcode-rendering
+- fix SerialException when trying to close device on __del__
+- added the DLE EOT querying command for USB and Serial
+- ensure QR codes have a large enough border
+- make feed for cut optional
+- fix the behavior of horizontal tabs
+- added test script for hard an soft barcodes
+- implemented paper sensor querying command
+- added weather forecast example script
+- added a method for simpler newlines
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- csoft2k
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- mrwunderbar666
+- Romain Porte
+- Ahmed Tahri
+
+2017-03-29 - Version 3.0a1 - "Headcrash"
+----------------------------------------
+This release is the second alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- automatically upload releases to GitHub
+- add environment variable ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
+- automatically handle cases where full cut or partial cut is not available
+- add print_and_feed
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Sam Cheng
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Dmytro Katyukha
+
+2017-01-31 - Version 3.0a - "Grey Area"
+---------------------------------------
+This release is the first alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- change the project's license to MIT in accordance with the contributors (see python-escpos/python-escpos#171)
+- feature: add "capabilities" which are shared with escpos-php, capabilities are stored in
+  `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_
+- feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate codepage and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
+- as an alternative you can force the codepage with the old API
+- updated and improved documentation
+- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capablities
+- changed interface of method `blocktext`, changed behavior of multiple methods, for details refer to the documentation
+  on `python-escpos.readthedocs.io <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_
+- add support for custom cash drawer sequence
+- enforce flake8 on the src-files, test py36 and py37 on travis
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Michael Billington
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- Patrick Kanzler (with code by Frédéric Van der Essen)
+- Asuki Kono
+- Benito López
+- Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+- Thijs Triemstra
+- ysuolmai
+
+2016-08-26 - Version 2.2.0 - "Fate Amenable To Change"
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- fix improper API-use in qrcode()
+- change setup.py shebang to make it compatible with virtualenvs.
+- add constants for sheet mode and colors
+- support changing the linespacing
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-08-10 - Version 2.1.3 - "Ethics Gradient"
+----------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- configure readthedocs and travis
+- update doc with hint on image preprocessing
+- add fix for printing large images (by splitting them into multiple images)
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.2 - "Death and Gravity"
+------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- fix File-printer: flush after every call of _raw()
+- fix lists in documentation
+- fix CODE128: by adding the control character to the barcode-selection-sequence the barcode became unusable
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
 
 2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.1 - "Contents May Differ"
 --------------------------------------------------

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -9,48 +9,37 @@ In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try to adhere to good
 
 The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates. Please fill in your information where applicable.
 
-This project uses `semantic versioning <http://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
+This project uses `semantic versioning <https://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
 well as possible.
 
+Author-list
+-----------
+
+This project keeps a list of authors. This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
+When contributing the first time, please include a commit with the output of this script in place.
+Otherwise the integration-check will fail.
+
+When you change your username or mail-address, please also update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
+You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the `documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
+
 Style-Guide
 -----------
 
 When writing code please try to stick to these rules.
 
-Python 2 and 3
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-We have rewritten the code in order to maintain compatibility with both Python 2 and Python 3.
-In order to ensure that we do not miss any accidental degradation, please add these imports to the top
-of every file of code:
-
-.. code-block:: Python
-
-  from __future__ import absolute_import
-  from __future__ import division
-  from __future__ import print_function
-  from __future__ import unicode_literals
- 
-Furthermore please be aware of the differences between Python 2 and 3. For
-example `this guide <https://docs.python.org/3/howto/pyporting.html>`_ is helpful.
-Special care has to be taken when dealing with strings and byte-strings. Please note
-that the :py:meth:`~escpos.escpos.Escpos._raw`-method only accepts byte-strings.
-Often you can achieve compatibility quite easily with a tool from the `six`-package.
-
 PEP8
 ^^^^
-This is not yet consequently done in every piece of code, but please try to ensure
-that your code honors PEP8.
-The checks by Landscape and QuantifiedCode that run on every PR will provide you with hints.
+The entire codebase adheres to the rules of PEP8.
+These rules are enforced by running `flake8` in the integration-checks.
+Please adhere to these rules as your contribution can only be merged if the check succeeds.
+You can use flake8 or similar tools locally in order to check your code.
+Apart from that the travis-log and the check by Landscape will provide you with hints.
 
 GIT
 ^^^
-The master-branch contains code that has been released to PyPi. A release is marked with a tag
-corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved in a released version
-of the package.
-
-When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/development`.
-Name your branch to indicate what you are trying to achieve. Good branch names might
-be `improve/text-handling`, `feature/enable-color-printing`.
+The master-branch contains the main development of the project. A release to PyPi is marked with a tag
+corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved by merging into the master-branch.
+When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/master`.
 
 Please try to group your commits into logical units. If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
 git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request. A small, self-contained change-set is
@@ -73,7 +62,7 @@ You can copy the structure from other testcases. Please remember to adapt the do
 Further reading
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For further best practices and hints on contributing please see the
-`contribution-guide <http://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_. Should there be any contradictions between this guide
+`contribution-guide <https://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_. Should there be any contradictions between this guide
 and the linked one, please stick to this text.
 Aside from that feel free to create an issue or write an email if anything is unclear.
 

COPYING

@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
-                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
-
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-                            Preamble
-
-  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
-software and other kinds of works.
-
-  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
-to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
-the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
-share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
-software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
-GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
-any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
-want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
-free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
-
-  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
-these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
-certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
-you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
-
-  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
-gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
-freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
-or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
-know their rights.
-
-  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
-(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
-giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
-
-  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
-that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
-authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
-changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
-authors of previous versions.
-
-  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
-modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
-can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
-protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
-pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
-use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
-have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
-products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
-stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
-of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
-
-  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
-States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
-software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
-avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
-make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
-patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
-
-  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
-modification follow.
-
-                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-  0. Definitions.
-
-  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
-
-  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
-works, such as semiconductor masks.
-
-  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
-License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
-"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
-
-  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
-in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
-exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
-earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
-
-  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
-on the Program.
-
-  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
-permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
-infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
-computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
-distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
-public, and in some countries other activities as well.
-
-  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
-parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
-a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
-
-  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
-to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
-feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
-tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
-extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
-work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
-the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
-menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
-
-  1. Source Code.
-
-  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
-for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
-form of a work.
-
-  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
-standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
-interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
-is widely used among developers working in that language.
-
-  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
-than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
-packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
-Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
-Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
-implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
-"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
-(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
-(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
-produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
-
-  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
-the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
-work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
-control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
-System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
-programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
-which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
-includes interface definition files associated with source files for
-the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
-linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
-such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
-subprograms and other parts of the work.
-
-  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
-can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
-Source.
-
-  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
-same work.
-
-  2. Basic Permissions.
-
-  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
-copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
-conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
-permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
-covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
-content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
-rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
-
-  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
-convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
-in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
-of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
-with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
-the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
-not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
-for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
-and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
-your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
-
-  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
-the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
-makes it unnecessary.
-
-  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
-
-  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
-measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
-11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
-similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
-measures.
-
-  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
-circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
-is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
-the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
-modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
-users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
-technological measures.
-
-  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
-
-  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
-receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
-appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
-keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
-non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
-keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
-recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
-
-  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
-and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
-
-  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
-
-  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
-produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
-terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
-
-    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
-    it, and giving a relevant date.
-
-    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
-    released under this License and any conditions added under section
-    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
-    "keep intact all notices".
-
-    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
-    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
-    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
-    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
-    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
-    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
-    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
-
-    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
-    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
-    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
-    work need not make them do so.
-
-  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
-works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
-and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
-in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
-"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
-used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
-beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
-in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
-parts of the aggregate.
-
-  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
-
-  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
-of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
-machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
-in one of these ways:
-
-    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
-    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
-    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
-    customarily used for software interchange.
-
-    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
-    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
-    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
-    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
-    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
-    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
-    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
-    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
-    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
-    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
-    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
-
-    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
-    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
-    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
-    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
-    with subsection 6b.
-
-    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
-    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
-    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
-    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
-    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
-    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
-    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
-    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
-    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
-    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
-    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
-    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
-
-    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
-    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
-    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
-    charge under subsection 6d.
-
-  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
-from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
-included in conveying the object code work.
-
-  A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
-tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
-or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
-into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
-doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
-product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
-typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
-of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
-actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
-is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
-commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
-the only significant mode of use of the product.
-
-  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
-procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
-and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
-a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
-suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
-code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
-modification has been made.
-
-  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
-specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
-part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
-User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
-fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
-Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
-by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
-if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
-modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
-been installed in ROM).
-
-  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
-requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
-for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
-the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
-network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
-adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
-protocols for communication across the network.
-
-  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
-in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
-documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
-source code form), and must require no special password or key for
-unpacking, reading or copying.
-
-  7. Additional Terms.
-
-  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
-License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
-Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
-be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
-that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
-apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
-under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
-this License without regard to the additional permissions.
-
-  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
-remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
-it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
-removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
-additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
-for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
-
-  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
-add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
-that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
-
-    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
-    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
-
-    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
-    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
-    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
-
-    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
-    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
-    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
-
-    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
-    authors of the material; or
-
-    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
-    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
-
-    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
-    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
-    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
-    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
-    those licensors and authors.
-
-  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
-restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
-received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
-governed by this License along with a term that is a further
-restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
-a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
-License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
-of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
-not survive such relicensing or conveying.
-
-  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
-must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
-additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
-where to find the applicable terms.
-
-  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
-form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
-the above requirements apply either way.
-
-  8. Termination.
-
-  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
-provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
-modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
-this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
-paragraph of section 11).
-
-  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
-license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
-provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
-finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
-holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
-prior to 60 days after the cessation.
-
-  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
-reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
-violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
-received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
-copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
-your receipt of the notice.
-
-  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
-licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
-this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
-reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
-material under section 10.
-
-  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
-
-  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
-run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
-occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
-to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
-nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
-modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
-not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
-covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
-
-  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
-
-  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
-receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
-propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
-for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
-
-  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
-organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
-organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
-work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
-transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
-licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
-give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
-Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
-the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
-
-  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
-rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
-not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
-rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
-(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
-any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
-sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
-
-  11. Patents.
-
-  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
-License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
-work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
-
-  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
-owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
-hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
-by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
-but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
-consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
-purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
-patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
-this License.
-
-  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
-patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
-make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
-propagate the contents of its contributor version.
-
-  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
-agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
-(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
-sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
-party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
-patent against the party.
-
-  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
-and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
-to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
-publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
-then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
-available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
-patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
-consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
-license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
-actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
-covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
-in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
-country that you have reason to believe are valid.
-
-  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
-arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
-covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
-receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
-or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
-you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
-work and works based on it.
-
-  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
-the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
-conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
-specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
-work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
-in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
-to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
-the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
-parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
-patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
-conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
-for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
-contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
-or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
-
-  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
-any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
-otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
-
-  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
-
-  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
-otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
-excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
-covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
-License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
-not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
-to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
-the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
-License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
-
-  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
-
-  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
-permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
-under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
-combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
-License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
-but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
-section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
-combination as such.
-
-  14. Revised Versions of this License.
-
-  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
-the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
-be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
-address new problems or concerns.
-
-  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
-Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
-Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
-option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
-version or of any later version published by the Free Software
-Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
-GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
-by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
-versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
-public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
-to choose that version for the Program.
-
-  Later license versions may give you additional or different
-permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
-author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
-later version.
-
-  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
-
-  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
-APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
-OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
-PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
-IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
-ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
-
-  16. Limitation of Liability.
-
-  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
-THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
-GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
-USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
-DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
-PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
-EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGES.
-
-  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
-
-  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
-above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
-reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
-an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
-Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
-copy of the Program in return for a fee.
-
-                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
-  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
-  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
-    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
-    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
-  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
-notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
-    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
-    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-
-The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
-parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
-might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
-
-  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
-if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
-For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
-<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
-into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
-may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
-the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
-Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
-<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

INSTALL

@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
 python-escpos
 =============
 
-Ensure the library is installed on ${lib_arch}/${python_ver}/site-packages/escpos
+This library is available over pypi. So for most of the use-cases it should be sufficient to run
 
-On CLi you must run:
-# python setup.py build
-# sudo python setup.py install
+```
+pip install python-escpos --user  # add --pre if you want to install pre-releases
+```
 
-On Linux, ensure you belongs to the proper group so you can have access to the printer.
-This can be done, by adding yourself to 'dialout' group, this might require to re-login
-so the changes make effect.
-
-Then, add the following rule to /etc/udev/rules.d/99-escpos.rules
-SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0202", MODE="0664", GROUP="dialout"
-
-and restar udev rules.
-# sudo service udev restart
-
-Enjoy !!!
-And please, don't forget to ALWAYS add Epson.cut() at the end of your printing :)
-
-Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
+For more information please read the documentation at https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user/installation.html

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2017 python-escpos and Manuel F Martinez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 include *.rst
 include *.txt
-include COPYING
+include LICENSE
 include INSTALL
 include tox.ini
+include capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+include src/escpos/capabilities.json
 recursive-include doc *.bat
 recursive-include doc *.ico
 recursive-include doc *.py

README.rst

@@ -6,20 +6,12 @@ python-escpos - Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
     :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos
     :alt: Continous Integration
 
-.. image:: https://www.quantifiedcode.com/api/v1/project/95748b89a3974700800b85e4ed3d32c4/badge.svg
-    :target: https://www.quantifiedcode.com/app/project/95748b89a3974700800b85e4ed3d32c4
-    :alt: Code issues
-
-.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master/landscape.svg?style=flat
-    :target: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master
-    :alt: Code Health
-
 .. image:: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/coverage.svg?branch=master
     :target: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos?branch=master
     :alt: Code Coverage
 
-.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=stable
-    :target: http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=stable
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=latest
+    :target: https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
     :alt: Documentation Status
 
 
@@ -37,15 +29,21 @@ Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size, type and weight.
 Also, this module handles some hardware functionalities like cutting paper, control characters, printer reset
 and similar functions.
 
+Since supported commands differ from printer to printer the software tries to automatically apply the right
+settings for the printer that you set. These settings are handled by
+`escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_ which is also used in
+`escpos-php <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
+
 Dependencies
 ------------
 
 This library makes use of:
 
-    * pyusb for USB-printers
-    * Pillow for image printing
-    * qrcode for the generation of QR-codes
-    * pyserial for serial printers
+* `pyusb <https://github.com/walac/pyusb>`_ for USB-printers
+* `Pillow <https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow>`_ for image printing
+* `qrcode <https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode>`_ for the generation of QR-codes
+* `pyserial <https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial>`_ for serial printers
+* `python-barcode <https://github.com/WhyNotHugo/python-barcode>`_ for the generation of barcodes
 
 Documentation and Usage
 -----------------------
@@ -54,18 +52,57 @@ The basic usage is:
 
 .. code:: python
 
-    from escpos import *
+    from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer (EPSON TM-T88III) """
+    p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0202, 0, profile="TM-T88III")
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.image("logo.gif")
+    p.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    p.cut()
+
+
+Another example based on the Network printer class:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from escpos.printer import Network
+
+    kitchen = Network("192.168.1.100") #Printer IP Address
+    kitchen.text("Hello World\n")
+    kitchen.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    kitchen.cut()
+
+Another example based on the Serial printer class:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from escpos.printer import Serial
+
+    """ 9600 Baud, 8N1, Flow Control Enabled """
+    p = Serial(devfile='/dev/tty.usbserial',
+               baudrate=9600,
+               bytesize=8,
+               parity='N',
+               stopbits=1,
+               timeout=1.00,
+               dsrdtr=True)
+
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
+    p.cut()
 
-    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
-    Epson = escpos.Escpos(0x04b8,0x0202,0)
-    Epson.text("Hello World\n")
-    Epson.image("logo.gif")
-    Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
-    Epson.cut()
 
 The full project-documentation is available on `Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
 
 Contributing
 ------------
 
-This project is open for any contribution! Please see CONTRIBUTING.rst for more information.
+This project is open for any contribution! Please see `CONTRIBUTING.rst <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_ for more information.
+
+
+Disclaimer
+----------
+
+None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the patterns or implementations.
+Its names are used only to maintain context.

codecov.yml

@@ -3,14 +3,9 @@ codecov:
 
 coverage:
   status:
-    project:
-      default:  # status context
-        target: auto
-        threshold: "1%"
-    patch:
-      default:
-        target: auto
-        threshold: "1%"
+    project: off
+    patch: off
+    changes: off
   range: "60...100"
 
 comment: off

doc/Makefile

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ BUILDDIR      = _build
 
 # User-friendly check for sphinx-build
 ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
-$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
+$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from https://sphinx-doc.org/)
 endif
 
 # Internal variables.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 # the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
 I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
 
-.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext spelling
 
 help:
 	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ help:
 	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
 	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
 	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+	@echo "  spelling   to run the spellchecker"
 
 clean:
 	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
@@ -175,3 +176,8 @@ pseudoxml:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."
+
+spelling:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b spelling $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/spelling
+	@echo
+	@echo "Spellchecker finished."

doc/api/capabilities.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Capabilities
+------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.capabilities`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.capabilities
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/cli.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CLI
+---
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.cli`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.cli
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/codepages.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Codepages
+---------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.codepages`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.codepages
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/katakana.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Katakana
+--------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.katakana`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.katakana
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/magicencode.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Magic Encode
+------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.magicencode`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.magicencode
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/conf.py

@@ -14,17 +14,16 @@
 
 import sys
 import os
-on_rtd = os.getenv('READTHEDOCS') == 'True'
-if on_rtd:
-    import escpos
-else:
-    from setuptools_scm import get_version
+
+from importlib.metadata import version as imp_version
+
+on_rtd = os.getenv("READTHEDOCS") == "True"
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
-root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../src"))
+root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -35,52 +34,48 @@ root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.doctest',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
-    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
-    'sphinx.ext.todo',
-    'sphinx.ext.graphviz',
-    'sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram',
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.doctest",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.coverage",
+    "sphinx.ext.viewcode",
+    "sphinx.ext.todo",
+    "sphinx.ext.graphviz",
+    "sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram",
+    "sphinxcontrib.spelling",
 ]
 
 # supress warnings for external images
 suppress_warnings = [
-    'image.nonlocal_uri',
+    "image.nonlocal_uri",
 ]
 
 # enable todos
 todo_include_todos = True
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix of source filenames.
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The encoding of source files.
 # source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = u'python-escpos'
-copyright = u'2016, Manuel F Martinez and others'
+project = "python-escpos"
+copyright = "2016, Manuel F Martinez and others"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
 # built documents.
 #
-if on_rtd:
-    # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-    release = escpos.__version__
-else:
-    # locally setuptools_scm should work
-    release = get_version(root=root)
+release = imp_version("python-escpos")
 # The short X.Y version.
-version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])  # The short X.Y version.
+version = ".".join(release.split(".")[:2])
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -94,7 +89,7 @@ version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])  # The short X.Y version.
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
@@ -112,7 +107,7 @@ exclude_patterns = ['_build']
 # show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+pygments_style = "sphinx"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -126,15 +121,16 @@ pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 if on_rtd:
-    html_theme = 'default'
+    html_theme = "default"
 else:
     try:
         import sphinx_rtd_theme
-        html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+
+        html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
         html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
     except ImportError:
         print("no sphinx_rtd_theme found, switching to nature")
-        html_theme = 'default'
+        html_theme = "default"
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
@@ -158,12 +154,12 @@ else:
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-html_favicon = 'pyescpos.ico'
+html_favicon = "pyescpos.ico"
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
@@ -212,7 +208,7 @@ html_static_path = ['_static']
 # html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'python-escposdoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "python-escposdoc"
 
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
@@ -220,10 +216,8 @@ htmlhelp_basename = 'python-escposdoc'
 latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
     #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
     #'pointsize': '10pt',
-
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
     #'preamble': '',
 }
@@ -232,8 +226,13 @@ latex_elements = {
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'python-escpos.tex', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'manual'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos.tex",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        "Manuel F Martinez and others",
+        "manual",
+    ),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@@ -262,8 +261,13 @@ latex_documents = [
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
 man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-     [u'Manuel F Martinez and others'], 1)
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        ["Manuel F Martinez and others"],
+        1,
+    )
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
@@ -276,9 +280,15 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
-   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'python-escpos', 'One line description of project.',
-   'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "python-escpos Documentation",
+        "Manuel F Martinez and others",
+        "python-escpos",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -292,3 +302,9 @@ texinfo_documents = [
 
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
 # texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+
+# spellchecker
+spelling_ignore_pypi_package_names = True
+spelling_ignore_wiki_words = True
+spelling_ignore_python_builtins = True
+spelling_ignore_importable_modules = True

doc/generate_authors.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+GENLIST=$(git shortlog -s -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
+GENLIST_W_MAIL=$(git shortlog -s -e -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
+AUTHORSFILE="$(dirname $0)/../AUTHORS"
+TEMPAUTHORSFILE="/tmp/python-escpos-authorsfile"
+
+if [ "$#" -eq 1 ]
+    then
+        echo "$GENLIST">$TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nAuthorsfile in version control:\n"
+	cat $AUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nNew authorsfile:\n"
+	cat $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nUsing diff on files...\n"
+	diff --suppress-common-lines -b --from-file $AUTHORSFILE $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "Authors with mail addresses:\n"
+	echo "$GENLIST_W_MAIL"
+    else
+	echo "$GENLIST">$AUTHORSFILE
+fi
+

doc/index.rst

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Content
    user/raspi
    user/todo
    user/usage
+   user/barcode
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1
@@ -34,8 +35,13 @@ Content
    api/printer
    api/constants
    api/exceptions
+   api/capabilities
    api/config
    api/image
+   api/cli
+   api/magicencode
+   api/codepages
+   api/katakana
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================

doc/make.bat

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if errorlevel 9009 (
 	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
 	echo.
 	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
-	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	echo.https://sphinx-doc.org/
 	exit /b 1
 )
 

doc/requirements.txt

@@ -3,4 +3,9 @@ Pillow>=2.0
 qrcode>=4.0
 pyserial
 sphinx-rtd-theme
+setuptools
 setuptools-scm
+docutils>=0.12
+sphinxcontrib-spelling>=7.2.0
+python-barcode>=0.11.0,<1
+importlib-metadata

doc/spelling_wordlist.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Raspbian
+ESC
+POS
+Escpos
+Escpos
+baudrate
+lsusb

doc/user/barcode.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Printing Barcodes
+-----------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-31
+
+Most ESC/POS-printers implement barcode-printing.
+The barcode-commandset is implemented in the barcode-method.
+For a list of compatible barcodes you should check the manual of your printer.
+As a rule of thumb: even older Epson-models support most 1D-barcodes.
+To be sure just try some implementations and have a look at the notices below.
+
+barcode-method
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The barcode-method is rather low-level and orients itself on the implementation of ESC/POS.
+In the future this class could be supplemented by a high-level class that helps the user generating the payload.
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: escpos.escpos
+
+.. automethod:: Escpos.barcode
+    :noindex:
+
+CODE128
+~~~~~~~
+Code128 barcodes need a certain format.
+For now the user has to make sure that the payload is correct.
+For alphanumeric CODE128 you have to preface your payload with `{B`.
+
+.. code-block:: Python
+
+   from escpos.printer import Dummy, Serial
+   p = Serial()
+   # print CODE128 012ABCDabcd
+   p.barcode("{B012ABCDabcd", "CODE128", function_type="B")
+
+A very good description on CODE128 is also on `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.

doc/user/methods.rst

@@ -1,141 +1,17 @@
 *******
 Methods
 *******
-
-.. note:: **TODO** Merge this page with the API-description. (Make the API-description more pretty and then
-          replace this with the API-description.)
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
 
 Escpos class
 ------------
 
-Escpos inherits its methods to the printers. the following methods are
-defined:
+The core part of this libraries API is the Escpos class.
+You use it by instantiating a  :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
+The following methods are available:
 
-image("image\_name.ext")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. autoclass:: escpos.escpos.Escpos
+    :members:
+    :member-order: bysource
+    :noindex:
 
-Prints an image. Its adjust the size in order to print it.
-
-* ``image_name.ext`` is the complete file name and location of any image type (jpg, gif, png, bmp)
-
-Raises ``ImageSizeError`` exception.
-
-qr("text")
-^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Prints a QR code. The size has been adjusted to Version 4, so it can be
-enough small to be printed but also enough big to be read by a smart
-phone.
-
-* ``text`` Any text that needs to be QR encoded. It could be a slogan,
-  salutation, url, etc.
-
-barcode("code", "barcode\_type", width, height, "position", "font")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Prints a barcode.
-
-* ``code`` is an alphanumeric code to be printed as bar code
-* ``barcode_type`` must be one of the following type of codes for function type A:
-   
-  * UPC-A
-  * UPC-E
-  * EAN13
-  * EAN8
-  * CODE39
-  * ITF
-  * NW7
-
-  And for function type B:
-
-  * Any type above
-  * CODE93
-  * CODE128
-  * GS1-128
-  * GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional
-  * GS1 DataBar Truncated
-  * GS1 DataBar Limited
-  * GS1 DataBar Expanded
-
-
-* ``width`` is a numeric value in the range between (1,255) *Default:* 64
-* ``height`` is a numeric value in the range between (2,6) *Default:* 3
-* ``position`` is where to place the code around the bars, could be one of the following values:
-  
-  * ABOVE
-  * BELOW
-  * BOTH
-  * OFF > *Default:* BELOW
-   
-* ``font`` is one of the 2 type of fonts, values could be:
-  
-  * A
-  * B > *Default:* A
-
-*  ``fuction_type`` chooses between ESCPOS function type A or B. A is default, B has more barcode options. Choose which one based upon your printer support and require barcode.
-
-  * A
-  * B > *Default* A
-
-* Raises ``BarcodeTypeError``, ``BarcodeSizeError``, ``BarcodeCodeError`` exceptions.
-    
-text("text")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Prints raw text. Raises ``TextError`` exception.
-
-set("align", "font", "type", width, height, invert, smooth, flip)
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Set text properties.
-* ``align`` set horizontal position for text, the possible values are:
-   
-  * CENTER
-  * LEFT
-  * RIGHT > > *Default:* left
-   
-* ``font`` type could be ``A`` or ``B``. *Default:* A
-* ``type`` type could be ``B`` (Bold), ``U`` (Underline) or ``normal``. *Default:* normal
-* ``width`` is a numeric value, 1 is for regular size, and 2 is twice the standard size. *Default*: 1
-* ``height`` is a numeric value, 1 is for regular size and 2 is twice the standard size. *Default*: 1
-* ``invert`` is a boolean value, True enables white on black printing. *Default*: False
-* ``smooth`` is a boolean value, True enables text smoothing. *Default*: False
-* ``flip`` is a boolean value, True enables upside-down text. *Default*: False
-
-cut("mode")
-^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Cut paper.
-* ``mode`` set a full or partial cut. *Default:* full
-
-**Partial cut is not implemented in all printers.**
-
-cashdraw(pin)
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Sends a pulse to the cash drawer in the specified pin.
-
-* ``pin`` is a numeric value which defines the pin to be used to send the pulse, it could be 2 or 5. Raises ``CashDrawerError()``
-
-hw("operation")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Hardware operations.
-
-* ``operation`` is any of the following options:
-    
-  * INIT
-  * SELECT
-  * RESET
-
-control("align")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Carrier feed and tabs.
-* ``align`` is a string which takes any of the following values:
-  
-  * LF *for Line Feed*
-  * FF *for Form Feed*
-  * CR *for Carriage Return*
-  * HT *for Horizontal Tab*
-  * VT *for Vertical Tab*

doc/user/printers.rst

@@ -1,53 +1,100 @@
 ********
 Printers
 ********
+:Last Reviewed: 2022-11-25
 
-.. note:: **TODO** Merge this page into the API-description.
+As of now there are 7 different type of printer implementations.
 
-There 3 different type of printers:
+USB
+---
+The USB-class uses pyusb and libusb to communicate with USB-based
+printers. Note that this driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
+and similiar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
 
-USB(idVendor, idProduct, interface, in\_ep, out\_ep)
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Usb
+    :members:
+    :special-members:
+    :member-order: bysource
+    :noindex:
 
-Based on pyusb and libusb-1.0
+Serial
+------
+This driver uses pyserial in order to communicate with serial devices.
+If you are using an USB-based adapter to connect to the serial port,
+then you should also use this driver.
+The configuration is often based on DIP-switches that you can set on your
+printer. For the hardware-configuration please refer to your printer's manual.
 
-* ``idVendor`` is the Vendor ID
-* ``idProduct`` is the Product ID
-* ``interface`` is the USB device interface (default = 0)
-*  ``in_ep`` is the input end point (default = 0x82)
-* ``out_ep`` is the output end point (default = 0x01)
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Serial
+     :members:
+     :special-members:
+     :member-order: bysource
+     :noindex:
 
-Serial("devfile", baudrate, bytesize, timeout)
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Network
+-------
 
-Based on pyserial, default values are based on the defaults set by
-DIP\_SWITCH\_1 on the documentation(hardware side).
+This driver is based on the socket class.
 
-* ``devfile`` is an alphanumeric device file name under /dev filesystem (default = /ev/ttyS0)
-* ``baudrate`` is the Baud rate for serial transmission (default = 9600)
-* ``bytesize`` sets the serial buffer size (default = 8)
-* ``timeout`` defines Read/Write timeout (default = 1)
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Network
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
 
-Network("host", port)
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Based on socket
-* ``host`` is an alphanumeric host name, could be either DNS host name or IP address.
-* ``port`` to write to (default = 9100)
-
-Troubleshooting:
+Troubleshooting
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes. Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
 Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device. As a next step try to send text
 manually to the device. You could use for example:
 
     ::
+
             echo "OK\n" | nc IPADDRESS 9100
             # the port number is often 9100
 
 As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer. This should be described in its manual.
 
-File("file\_name")
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+File
+----
+This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
 
-Printcap printers
-* ``file_name`` is the full path to the device file name
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.File
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+Dummy
+-----
+The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes. It stores
+all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Dummy
+      :members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+CUPS
+----
+This driver uses `pycups` in order to communicate with a CUPS server.
+Supports both local and remote CUPS printers and servers.
+The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
+The connector generates a print job that is added to the CUPS queue.
+
+.. todo:: fix import in documentation
+
+LP
+----
+This driver uses the UNIX command `lp` in order to communicate with a CUPS server.
+Supports local and remote CUPS printers.
+The printer must be properly configured in CUPS administration.
+The connector spawns a new sub-process where the command lp is executed.
+
+No dependencies required, but somehow the print queue will affect some print job such as barcode.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.LP
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:

doc/user/raspi.rst

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 Raspberry Pi
 ************
 
-This instructions were tested on Raspbian.
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-05
 
-Unless you have done any distro with libusb-1.0 on the Raspberry Pi, the
-following instructions should works fine on your raspberry distro.
+This instructions were tested on Raspbian Jessie.
 
 .. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface (serial port) directly to
     a Raspberry PI or similar interface (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing). Those interfaces are
@@ -14,60 +13,30 @@ following instructions should works fine on your raspberry distro.
 
 Dependencies
 ------------
-
 First, install the packages available on Raspbian.
 
 ::
 
-    # apt-get install python-imaging python-serial python-setuptools
-
-PyUSB
-^^^^^
-
-PyUSB 1.0 is not available on Ubuntu, so you have to download and
-install it manually
-
-1. Download the latest tarball from
-   `Sourceforge <http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyusb/files/>`__
-2. Decompress the zip file
-3. Install the library
-
-   ::
-
-       # wget ...
-       # unzip pyusb*.zip
-       # cd pyusb*
-       # python setup.py build
-       # sudo python setup.py install
-
-python-qrcode
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-1. Checkout the code from github
-2. Install the library
-
-   ::
-
-       # git clone https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode
-       # cd python-qrcode
-       # python setup.py build
-       # sudo python setup.py install
+       sudo apt-get install python3 python3-setuptools python3-pip libjpeg8-dev
 
 Installation
 ------------
-
-If you have installed pyusb for libusb-1.0 then you need to:
-
-1. Download the latest file
-2. Decompress the file
-3. Install the library
+You can install by using pip3.
 
 ::
 
-    # git clone https://github.com/manpaz/python-escpos.git
-    # cd python-escpos
-    # python setup.py build
-    # sudo python setup.py install
+    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
+    sudo pip3 install python-escpos
 
-Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in
-the project's `home <https://github.com/manpaz/python-escpos>`__
+Run
+---
+You need sudo and python3 to run your program.
+
+::
+
+    sudo python3 your-program.py
+
+Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
+You can find that in the `project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
+
+For more details on this check the :doc:`installation-manual <installation>`.

doc/user/todo.rst

@@ -2,38 +2,9 @@
 TODO
 ****
 
-Introduction
-------------
-
-python-escpos is the initial idea, from here we can start to build a
-robust library to get most of the ESC/POS printers working with this
-library.
-
-Eventually, this library must be able to cover almost all the defined
-models detailed in the ESC/POS Command Specification Manual.
-
-Details
--------
-
-What things are planned to work on?
-
-Testing
-~~~~~~~
-
-* Test on many printers as possible (USB, Serial, Network)
-* automate testing
-
-Design
-~~~~~~
-
-* Add all those sequences which are not common, but part of the ESC/POS
-  Command Specifications.
-
-  *  Port to Python 3
-  *  Windows compatibility (hidapi instead libusb?)
-  *  PDF417 support
-
-* use something similar to the `capabilities` in escpos-php
+Open points and issues of the project are tracked in the GitHub issues.
+Some annotations still remain in the code and should be moved over time
+into the issue tracker.
 
 Todos in the codebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

doc/user/usage.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 *****
 Usage
 *****
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-06-10
 
 Define your printer
 -------------------
@@ -8,12 +9,11 @@ Define your printer
 USB printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Before start creating your Python ESC/POS printer instance, you must see
-at your system for the printer parameters. This is done with the 'lsusb'
-command.
+Before creating your Python ESC/POS printer instance, consult the system to obtain
+the printer parameters. This is done with the 'lsusb' command.
 
-First run the command to look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID", then
-write down the values, these values are displayed just before the name
+Run the command and look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID" and write
+down the values. These values are displayed just before the name
 of the device with the following format:
 
 ::
@@ -37,25 +37,27 @@ so you can get the "Interface" number and "End Point"
     # lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep bEndpointAddress | grep OUT
           bEndpointAddress     0x01  EP 1 OUT
 
-The first command will yields the "Interface" number that must be handy
+The first command will yield the "Interface" number that must be handy
 to have and the second yields the "Output Endpoint" address.
 
 **USB Printer initialization**
 
 ::
 
-    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
 
 By default the "Interface" number is "0" and the "Output Endpoint"
-address is "0x01", if you have other values then you can define with
-your instance. So, assuming that we have another printer where in\_ep is
-on 0x81 and out\_ep=0x02, then the printer definition should looks like:
+address is "0x01". If you have other values then you can define them on
+your instance. So, assuming that we have another printer, CT-S2000,
+manufactured by Citizen (with "Vendor ID" of 2730 and "Product ID" of 0fff)
+where in\_ep is on 0x81 and out\_ep=0x02, then the printer definition should
+look like:
 
 **Generic USB Printer initialization**
 
 ::
 
-    Generic = printer.Usb(0x1a2b,0x1a2b,0,0x81,0x02)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x2730, 0x0fff, 0, 0x81, 0x02)
 
 Network printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -67,33 +69,36 @@ IP by DHCP or you set it manually.
 
 ::
 
-    Epson = printer.Network("192.168.1.99")
+    p = printer.Network("192.168.1.99")
 
 Serial printer
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Must of the default values set by the DIP switches for the serial
+Most of the default values set by the DIP switches for the serial
 printers, have been set as default on the serial printer class, so the
-only thing you need to know is which serial port the printer is hooked
-up.
+only thing you need to know is which serial port the printer is connected
+to.
 
 **Serial printer initialization**
 
 ::
 
-    Epson = printer.Serial("/dev/tty0")
+    p = printer.Serial("/dev/tty0")
+
+    # on a Windows OS serial devices are typically accessible as COM
+    p = printer.Serial("COM1")
 
 Other printers
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Some printers under /dev can't be used or initialized with any of the
+Some printers under `/dev` can't be used or initialized with any of the
 methods described above. Usually, those are printers used by printcap,
-however, if you know the device name, you could try the initialize
+however, if you know the device name, you could try to initialize by
 passing the device node name.
 
 ::
 
-    Epson = printer.File("/dev/usb/lp1")
+    p = printer.File("/dev/usb/lp1")
 
 The default is "/dev/usb/lp0", so if the printer is located on that
 node, then you don't necessary need to pass the node name.
@@ -101,33 +106,38 @@ node, then you don't necessary need to pass the node name.
 Define your instance
 --------------------
 
-The following example demonstrate how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
-on USB interface
+The following example demonstrates how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
+on a USB interface.
 
 ::
 
     from escpos import *
     """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
-    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    p = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
     # Print text
-    Epson.text("Hello World\n")
+    p.text("Hello World\n")
     # Print image
-    Epson.image("logo.gif")
+    p.image("logo.gif")
     # Print QR Code
-    Epson.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
+    p.qr("You can readme from your smartphone")
     # Print barcode
-    Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
+    p.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
     # Cut paper
-    Epson.cut()
+    p.cut()
+
+Standard python constraints on libraries apply. This means especially
+that you should not name the script in which you implement these lines
+should not be named ``escpos`` as this would collide with the name of
+the library.
 
 Configuration File
 ------------------
 
 You can create a configuration file for python-escpos. This will
 allow you to use the CLI, and skip some setup when using the library
-programically.
+programmatically.
 
-The default configuration file is named ``config.yaml``. It's in the YAML
+The default configuration file is named ``config.yaml`` and uses the YAML
 format. For windows it is probably at::
 
     %appdata%/python-escpos/config.yaml
@@ -143,11 +153,10 @@ If you aren't sure, run::
     c.load()
 
 If it can't find the configuration file in the default location, it will tell
-you where it's looking. You can always pass a path or a list of paths to
-search to the ``load()`` method.
+you where it's looking. You can always pass a path, or a list of paths, to
+the ``load()`` method.
 
-
-To load the configured pritner, run::
+To load the configured printer, run::
 
     from escpos import config
     c = config.Config()
@@ -159,10 +168,12 @@ The printer section
 
 The ``printer`` configuration section defines a default printer to create.
 
-The only required paramter is ``type``. The value of this should be one of the
+The only required parameter is ``type``. The value of this has to be one of the
 printers defined in :doc:`/user/printers`.
 
-The rest of the parameters are whatever you want to pass to the printer.
+The rest of the given parameters will be passed on to the initialization of the printer class.
+Use these to overwrite the default values as specified in :doc:`/user/printers`.
+This implies that the parameters have to match the parameter-names of the respective printer class.
 
 An example file printer::
 
@@ -173,10 +184,33 @@ An example file printer::
 And for a network printer::
 
     printer:
-                type: network
+            type: Network
             host: 127.0.0.1
             port: 9000
 
+An USB-printer could be defined by::
+
+    printer:
+            type: Usb
+            idVendor: 0x1234
+            idProduct: 0x5678
+            in_ep: 0x66
+            out_ep: 0x01
+
+Printing text right
+-------------------
+
+Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode.
+
+For normal usage you can simply pass your text to the printers ``text()``-function. It will automatically guess
+the right codepage and then send the encoded data to the printer. If this feature does not work, please try to
+isolate the error and then create an issue on the GitHub project page.
+
+If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage. For this please use the ``charcode()``-function. You can set
+any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``. If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
+After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore. You can revert to normal behaviour
+by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
+
 Advanced Usage: Print from binary blob
 --------------------------------------
 
@@ -204,19 +238,74 @@ Here you can download an example, that will print a set of common barcodes:
 
     * :download:`barcode.bin </download/barcode.bin>` by `@mike42 <https://github.com/mike42>`_
 
-How to update your code for USB printers
-----------------------------------------
+Advanced Usage: change capabilities-profile
+-------------------------------------------
 
-Old code
+Packaged together with the escpos-code is a capabilities-file. This file in
+JSON-format describes the capabilities of different printers. It is developed and hosted in
+`escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
 
-::
+Certain applications like the usage of `cx_freeze <https://cx-freeze.readthedocs.io>`_ might change the
+packaging structure. This leads to the capabilities-profile not being found.
+In this case you can use the environment-variable `ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE`.
+The following code is an example.
 
-    Epson = escpos.Escpos(0x04b8,0x0202,0)
+.. code-block:: shell
 
-New code
+   # use packaged capabilities-profile
+   python-escpos cut
 
-::
+   # use capabilities-profile that you have put in /usr/python-escpos
+   export ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/usr/python-escpos/capabilities.json
+   python-escpos cut
+
+   # use packaged file again
+   unset ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
+   python-escpos cut
+
+
+Hint: preprocess printing
+-------------------------
+
+Printing images directly to the printer is rather slow.
+One factor that slows down the process is the transmission over e.g. serial port.
+
+Apart from configuring your printer to use the maximum baudrate (in the case of serial-printers), there is not much
+that you can do.
+However you could use the :py:class:`escpos.printer.Dummy`-printer to preprocess your image.
+This is probably best explained by an example:
+
+.. code-block:: Python
+
+   from escpos.printer import Serial, Dummy
+
+   p = Serial()
+   d = Dummy()
+
+   # create ESC/POS for the print job, this should go really fast
+   d.text("This is my image:\n")
+   d.image("funny_cat.png")
+   d.cut()
+
+   # send code to printer
+   p._raw(d.output)
+
+This way you could also store the code in a file and print it later.
+You could then for example print the code from another process than your main-program and thus reduce the waiting time.
+(Of course this will not make the printer print faster.)
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+This section gathers various hints on troubleshooting.
+
+Print with STAR TSP100 family
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Printer of the STAR TSP100 family do not have a native ESC/POS mode, which
+is why you will not be able to directly print with this library to the printer.
+
+More information on this topic can be found in the online documentation of
+`Star Micronics <https://www.starmicronics.com/help-center/knowledge-base/configure-tsp100-series-printers-esc-pos-mode/>`_
+and the `discussion in the python-escpos project <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues/410>`_.
 
-    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
 
-Nothe that "0" which is the interface number is no longer needed.

examples/barcodes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+
+# Print software and then hardware barcode with the same content
+p.soft_barcode("code39", "123456")
+p.text("\n")
+p.text("\n")
+p.barcode("123456", "CODE39")

examples/codepage_tables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Prints code page tables.
+"""
+
+
+import six
+import sys
+
+from escpos import printer
+from escpos.constants import (
+    CODEPAGE_CHANGE,
+    ESC,
+    CTL_LF,
+    CTL_FF,
+    CTL_CR,
+    CTL_HT,
+    CTL_VT,
+)
+
+
+def main():
+    dummy = printer.Dummy()
+
+    dummy.hw("init")
+
+    for codepage in sys.argv[1:] or ["USA"]:
+        dummy.set(height=2, width=2)
+        dummy._raw(codepage + "\n\n\n")
+        print_codepage(dummy, codepage)
+        dummy._raw("\n\n")
+
+    dummy.cut()
+
+    print(dummy.output)
+
+
+def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
+    if codepage.isdigit():
+        codepage = int(codepage)
+        printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(codepage))
+        printer._raw("after")
+    else:
+        printer.charcode(codepage)
+
+    sep = ""
+
+    # Table header
+    printer.set(font="b")
+    printer._raw("  {}\n".format(sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))))
+    printer.set()
+
+    # The table
+    for x in range(0, 16):
+        # First column
+        printer.set(font="b")
+        printer._raw("{} ".format(hex(x)[2:]))
+        printer.set()
+
+        for y in range(0, 16):
+            byte = six.int2byte(x * 16 + y)
+
+            if byte in (ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT):
+                byte = " "
+
+            printer._raw(byte)
+            printer._raw(sep)
+        printer._raw("\n")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/graphics/climacons/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Climacons by Adam Whitcroft
+
+75 climatically categorised pictographs for web and UI design by [@adamwhitcroft](https://www.twitter.com/#!/adamwhitcroft).
+
+Visit the [Climacons](https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/) website for more information.
+
+Visit [Adam Whitcroft on GitHub](https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft)
+
+## License
+You are free to use any of the Climacons Icons (the "icons") in any personal or commercial work without obligation of payment (monetary or otherwise) or attribution, however a credit for the work would be appreciated. **Do not** redistribute or sell and **do not** claim creative credit. Intellectual property rights are not transferred with the download of the icons.

examples/qr_code.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import sys
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+def usage():
+    print("usage: qr_code.py <content>")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        usage()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    content = sys.argv[1]
+
+    # Adapt to your needs
+    p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+    p.qr(content, center=True)

examples/software_barcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+
+# Some software barcodes
+p.soft_barcode("code128", "Hello")
+p.soft_barcode("code39", "1234")

examples/weather.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+
+# Adapted script from Adafruit
+# Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
+# Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
+# forecasts for next two days.
+# Weather example using nice bitmaps.
+# Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
+# Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
+
+# Icons taken from https://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
+# Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
+
+
+from datetime import datetime
+import calendar
+import urllib
+import json
+import time
+import os
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+""" Setting up the main pathing """
+this_dir, this_filename = os.path.split(__file__)
+GRAPHICS_PATH = os.path.join(this_dir, "graphics/climacons/")
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+printer = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile="POS-5890")
+
+# You can get your API Key on www.darksky.net and register a dev account.
+# Technically you can use any other weather service, of course :)
+API_KEY = "YOUR API KEY"
+
+LAT = "22.345490"  # Your Location
+LONG = "114.189945"  # Your Location
+
+
+def forecast_icon(idx):
+    icon = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["icon"]
+    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
+    return image
+
+
+# Dumps one forecast line to the printer
+def forecast(idx):
+    date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data["daily"]["data"][idx]["time"]))
+    day = calendar.day_name[date.weekday()]
+    lo = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["temperatureMin"]
+    hi = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["temperatureMax"]
+    cond = data["daily"]["data"][idx]["summary"]
+    print(date)
+    print(day)
+    print(lo)
+    print(hi)
+    print(cond)
+    time.sleep(1)
+    printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="left", bold=False, double_height=False)
+    printer.text(day + " \n ")
+    time.sleep(5)  # Sleep to prevent printer buffer overflow
+    printer.text("\n")
+    printer.image(forecast_icon(idx))
+    printer.text("low " + str(lo))
+    printer.text(deg)
+    printer.text("\n")
+    printer.text(" high " + str(hi))
+    printer.text(deg)
+    printer.text("\n")
+    # take care of pesky unicode dash
+    printer.text(cond.replace("\u2013", "-").encode("utf-8"))
+    printer.text("\n \n")
+
+
+def icon():
+    icon = data["currently"]["icon"]
+    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + ".png"
+    return image
+
+
+deg = " C"  # Degree symbol on thermal printer, need to find a better way to use a proper degree symbol
+
+# if you want Fahrenheit change units= to 'us'
+url = (
+    "https://api.darksky.net/forecast/"
+    + API_KEY
+    + "/"
+    + LAT
+    + ","
+    + LONG
+    + "?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si"
+)  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
+response = urllib.urlopen(url)
+data = json.loads(response.read())
+
+printer.print_and_feed(n=1)
+printer.control("LF")
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=True)
+printer.text("Weather Forecast")
+printer.text("\n")
+printer.set(align="center")
+
+
+# Print current conditions
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text("Current conditions: \n")
+printer.image(icon())
+printer.text("\n")
+
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="left", bold=False, double_height=False)
+temp = data["currently"]["temperature"]
+cond = data["currently"]["summary"]
+printer.text(temp)
+printer.text(" ")
+printer.text(deg)
+printer.text(" ")
+printer.text("\n")
+printer.text("Sky: " + cond)
+printer.text("\n")
+printer.text("\n")
+
+# Print forecast
+printer.set(font="a", height=2, align="center", bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text("Forecast: \n")
+forecast(0)
+forecast(1)
+printer.cut()
+printer.control("LF")

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[tool.black]
+extend-exclude = 'capabilities-data'
+

readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+formats:
+  - pdf
+  - epub
+requirements_file: doc/requirements.txt
+python:
+  version: 3
+  setup_py_install: true

setup.cfg

@@ -1,7 +1,72 @@
+[metadata]
+name = python-escpos
+url = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos
+description = Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
+long_description = file: README.rst
+license = MIT
+license_file = LICENSE
+author = Manuel F Martinez and others
+author_email = dev@pkanzler.de
+maintainer = Patrick Kanzler
+maintainer_email = dev@pkanzler.de
+keywords = ESC/POS, thermoprinter, voucher printer, printing, receipt
+classifiers =
+    Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+    Environment :: Console
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+    Programming Language :: Python
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython
+    Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+    Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues
+    Documentation = https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+    Release Notes = https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/releases
+
+[options]
+python_requires = >=3.6
+zip_safe = false
+include_package_data = true
+install_requires =
+    pyusb>=1.0.0
+    Pillow>=2.0
+    qrcode>=4.0
+    pyserial
+    python-barcode>=0.9.1,<1
+    setuptools
+    six
+    appdirs
+    PyYAML
+    argparse
+    argcomplete
+    future
+setup_requires = setuptools_scm
+tests_require =
+    jaconv
+    tox
+    pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0
+    pytest-cov
+    pytest-mock
+    nose
+    scripttest
+    mock
+    hypothesis>4
+    flake8
+    sphinxcontrib-spelling>=7.2.0
+
 [nosetests]
 verbosity=3
 with-doctest=1
 
-[bdist_wheel]
-# This flag says that the code is written to work on both Python 2 and Python 3.
-universal=1
+[flake8]
+exclude = .git,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
+max-line-length = 120
+# future-imports = absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals  # we are not there yet

setup.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 
 import os
 import sys
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
-from setuptools.command.test import test as test_command
 
 
 base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
@@ -19,108 +18,23 @@ def read(fname):
     return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
 
 
-class Tox(test_command):
-    """proxy class that enables tox to be run with setup.py test"""
-    user_options = [('tox-args=', 'a', "Arguments to pass to tox")]
-
-    def initialize_options(self):
-        """initialize the user-options"""
-        test_command.initialize_options(self)
-        self.tox_args = None
-
-    def finalize_options(self):
-        """finalize user-options"""
-        test_command.finalize_options(self)
-        self.test_args = []
-        self.test_suite = True
-
-    def run_tests(self):
-        """run tox and pass on user-options"""
-        # import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
-        import tox
-        import shlex
-        args = self.tox_args
-        if args:
-            args = shlex.split(self.tox_args)
-        errno = tox.cmdline(args=args)
-        sys.exit(errno)
-
-
 setuptools_scm_template = """\
 # coding: utf-8
 # file generated by setuptools_scm
 # don't change, don't track in version control
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 version = '{version}'
-
 """
 
 
 setup(
-    name='python-escpos',
     use_scm_version={
-        'write_to': 'src/escpos/version.py',
-        'write_to_template': setuptools_scm_template,
+        "write_to": "src/escpos/version.py",
+        "write_to_template": setuptools_scm_template,
     },
-    url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos',
-    download_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/archive/master.zip',
-    description='Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers',
-    bugtrack_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues',
-    license='GNU GPL v3',
-    long_description=read('README.rst'),
-    author='Manuel F Martinez and others',
-    author_email='manpaz@bashlinux.com',
-    maintainer='Patrick Kanzler',
-    maintainer_email='patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de',
-    keywords=[
-        'ESC/POS',
-        'thermoprinter',
-        'voucher printer',
-        'printing',
-        'receipt,',
-    ],
-    platforms='any',
+    platforms="any",
     package_dir={"": "src"},
     packages=find_packages(where="src", exclude=["tests", "tests.*"]),
-    package_data={'': ['COPYING']},
-    classifiers=[
-        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-        'Environment :: Console',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
-        'Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale',
-    ],
-    install_requires=[
-        'pyusb>=1.0.0',
-        'Pillow>=2.0',
-        'qrcode>=4.0',
-        'pyserial',
-        'six',
-        'appdirs',
-        'pyyaml',
-        'argparse',
-        'argcomplete',
-    ],
-    setup_requires=[
-        'setuptools_scm',
-    ],
-    tests_require=['tox', 'nose', 'scripttest', 'mock', 'hypothesis'],
-    cmdclass={'test': Tox},
-    entry_points={
-        'console_scripts': [
-            'python-escpos = escpos.cli:main'
-        ]
-    },
+    package_data={"escpos": ["capabilities.json"]},
+    entry_points={"console_scripts": ["python-escpos = escpos.cli:main"]},
 )

src/escpos/__init__.py

@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 """
 python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers
 """
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 __all__ = ["constants", "escpos", "exceptions", "printer"]
 
@@ -13,7 +9,7 @@ try:
     from .version import version as __version__  # noqa
 except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
     raise ImportError(
-        'Failed to find (autogenerated) version.py. '
-        'This might be because you are installing from GitHub\'s tarballs, '
-        'use the PyPI ones.'
+        "Failed to find (autogenerated) version.py. "
+        "This might be because you are installing from GitHub's tarballs, "
+        "use the PyPI ones."
     )

src/escpos/capabilities.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json

src/escpos/capabilities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import re
+from os import environ, path
+import pkg_resources
+import pickle
+import logging
+import time
+
+import six
+import yaml
+
+from tempfile import gettempdir
+import platform
+
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+logging.basicConfig()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+pickle_dir = environ.get("ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR", gettempdir())
+pickle_path = path.join(
+    pickle_dir, "{v}.capabilities.pickle".format(v=platform.python_version())
+)
+# get a temporary file from pkg_resources if no file is specified in env
+capabilities_path = environ.get(
+    "ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE",
+    pkg_resources.resource_filename(__name__, "capabilities.json"),
+)
+
+# Load external printer database
+t0 = time.time()
+logger.debug("Using capabilities from file: %s", capabilities_path)
+if path.exists(pickle_path):
+    if path.getmtime(capabilities_path) > path.getmtime(pickle_path):
+        logger.debug("Found a more recent capabilities file")
+        full_load = True
+    else:
+        full_load = False
+        logger.debug("Loading capabilities from pickle in %s", pickle_path)
+        with open(pickle_path, "rb") as cf:
+            CAPABILITIES = pickle.load(cf)
+else:
+    logger.debug("Capabilities pickle file not found: %s", pickle_path)
+    full_load = True
+
+if full_load:
+    logger.debug("Loading and pickling capabilities")
+    with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, "wb") as pp:
+        CAPABILITIES = yaml.safe_load(cp)
+        pickle.dump(CAPABILITIES, pp, protocol=2)
+
+logger.debug("Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs", time.time() - t0)
+
+
+PROFILES: Dict[str, Any] = CAPABILITIES["profiles"]
+
+
+class NotSupported(Exception):
+    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the
+    printer profile.
+    """
+
+    pass
+
+
+BARCODE_B = "barcodeB"
+
+
+class BaseProfile(object):
+    """This represents a printer profile.
+
+    A printer profile knows about the number of columns, supported
+    features, colors and more.
+    """
+
+    profile_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return self.profile_data[name]
+
+    def get_font(self, font) -> int:
+        """Return the escpos index for `font`. Makes sure that
+        the requested `font` is valid.
+        """
+        font = {"a": 0, "b": 1}.get(font, font)
+        if not six.text_type(font) in self.fonts:
+            raise NotSupported(
+                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font)
+            )
+        return font
+
+    def get_columns(self, font):
+        """Return the number of columns for the given font."""
+        font = self.get_font(font)
+        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]["columns"]
+
+    def supports(self, feature):
+        """Return true/false for the given feature."""
+        return self.features.get(feature)
+
+    def get_code_pages(self):
+        """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict."""
+        return {v: k for k, v in self.codePages.items()}
+
+
+def get_profile(name: str = None, **kwargs):
+    """Get the profile by name; if no name is given, return the
+    default profile.
+    """
+    if isinstance(name, Profile):
+        return name
+
+    clazz = get_profile_class(name or "default")
+    return clazz(**kwargs)
+
+
+CLASS_CACHE = {}
+
+
+def get_profile_class(name: str):
+    """For the given profile name, load the data from the external
+    database, then generate dynamically a class.
+    """
+    if name not in CLASS_CACHE:
+        profile_data = PROFILES[name]
+        profile_name = clean(name)
+        class_name = "{}{}Profile".format(profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
+        new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {"profile_data": profile_data})
+        CLASS_CACHE[name] = new_class
+
+    return CLASS_CACHE[name]
+
+
+def clean(s):
+    # Remove invalid characters
+    s = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "", s)
+    # Remove leading characters until we find a letter or underscore
+    s = re.sub("^[^a-zA-Z_]+", "", s)
+    return str(s)
+
+
+class Profile(get_profile_class("default")):
+    """
+    For users, who want to provide their profile
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, columns=None, features=None):
+        super(Profile, self).__init__()
+
+        self.columns = columns
+        self.features = features or {}
+
+    def get_columns(self, font):
+        if self.columns is not None:
+            return self.columns
+
+        return super(Profile, self).get_columns(font)

src/escpos/cli.py

@@ -3,18 +3,15 @@
 """ CLI
 
 This module acts as a command line interface for python-escpos. It mirrors
-closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convience.
+closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convenience.
 
 It requires you to have a configuration file. See documentation for details.
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import argparse
+
 try:
     import argcomplete
 except ImportError:
@@ -31,50 +28,58 @@ def str_to_bool(string):
     """Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
     bool instead of always True
     """
-    return string.lower() in ('y', 'yes', '1', 'true')
+    return string.lower() in ("y", "yes", "1", "true")
+
 
 # A list of functions that work better with a newline to be sent after them.
-REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ('qr', 'barcode', 'text', 'block_text')
+REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ("qr", "barcode", "text", "block_text")
+
 
 # Used in demo method
 # Key: The name of escpos function and the argument passed on the CLI. Some
 #   manual translation is done in the case of barcodes_a -> barcode.
 # Value: A list of dictionaries to pass to the escpos function as arguments.
 DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
-    'text': [
-        {'txt': 'Hello, World!\n', }
+    "text": [
+        {
+            "txt": "Hello, World!\n",
+        }
     ],
-    'qr': [
-        {'content': 'This tests a QR code'},
-        {'content': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/'}
+    "qr": [
+        {"content": "This tests a QR code"},
+        {"content": "https://en.wikipedia.org/"},
     ],
-    'barcodes_a': [
-        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576'},
-        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST'},
-        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103'},
-        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A'},
+    "barcodes_a": [
+        {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576"},
+        {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "1324354657687"},
+        {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354"},
+        {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST"},
+        {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103"},
+        {"bc": "NW7", "code": "A00000000A"},
     ],
-    'barcodes_b': [
-        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128A', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128B', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'CODE128C', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1-128', 'code': '00123456780000000001', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Truncated', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Limited', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
-        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Expanded', 'code': '00AAAAAAA', 'function_type': 'B'},
+    "barcodes_b": [
+        {"bc": "UPC-A", "code": "13243546576", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "UPC-E", "code": "132435", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "EAN13", "code": "1324354657687", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "EAN8", "code": "1324354", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE39", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "ITF", "code": "55867492279103", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "NW7", "code": "A00000000A", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE93", "code": "A00000000A", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE93", "code": "1324354657687", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128A", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128B", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "CODE128C", "code": "TEST", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1-128", "code": "00123456780000000001", "function_type": "B"},
+        {
+            "bc": "GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional",
+            "code": "0000000000000",
+            "function_type": "B",
+        },
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Truncated", "code": "0000000000000", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Limited", "code": "0000000000000", "function_type": "B"},
+        {"bc": "GS1 DataBar Expanded", "code": "00AAAAAAA", "function_type": "B"},
     ],
 }
 
@@ -86,350 +91,355 @@ DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
 # arguments: A list of dicts of args for subparser.add_argument
 ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'qr',
-            'help': 'Print a QR code',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "qr",
+            "help": "Print a QR code",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'qr',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "qr",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--content',),
-                'help': 'Text to print as a qr code',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--content",),
+                "help": "Text to print as a qr code",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--size",),
+                "help": "QR code size (1-16) [default:3]",
+                "required": False,
+                "type": int,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "barcode",
+            "help": "Print a barcode",
+        },
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "barcode",
+        },
+        "arguments": [
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--code",),
+                "help": "Barcode data to print",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--bc",),
+                "help": "Barcode format",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--height",),
+                "help": "Barcode height in px",
+                "type": int,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Barcode width",
+                "type": int,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--pos",),
+                "help": "Label position",
+                "choices": ["BELOW", "ABOVE", "BOTH", "OFF"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--font",),
+                "help": "Label font",
+                "choices": ["A", "B"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--align_ct",),
+                "help": "Align barcode center",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--function_type",),
+                "help": "ESCPOS function type",
+                "choices": ["A", "B"],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "text",
+            "help": "Print plain text",
+        },
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "text",
+        },
+        "arguments": [
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--txt",),
+                "help": "Plain text to print",
+                "required": True,
             }
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'barcode',
-            'help': 'Print a barcode',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "block_text",
+            "help": "Print wrapped text",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'barcode',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "block_text",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--code',),
-                'help': 'Barcode data to print',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--txt",),
+                "help": "block_text to print",
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--bc',),
-                'help': 'Barcode format',
-                'required': True,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--height',),
-                'help': 'Barcode height in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Barcode width',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
-                'help': 'Label position',
-                'choices': ['BELOW', 'ABOVE', 'BOTH', 'OFF'],
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--font',),
-                'help': 'Label font',
-                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--align_ct',),
-                'help': 'Align barcode center',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--function_type',),
-                'help': 'ESCPOS function type',
-                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
+                "option_strings": ("--columns",),
+                "help": "Number of columns",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'text',
-            'help': 'Print plain text',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "cut",
+            "help": "Cut the paper",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'text',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "cut",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
-                'help': 'Plain text to print',
-                'required': True,
-            }
-        ],
-    },
-    {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'block_text',
-            'help': 'Print wrapped text',
-        },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'block_text',
-        },
-        'arguments': [
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
-                'help': 'block_text to print',
-                'required': True,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--columns',),
-                'help': 'Number of columns',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--mode",),
+                "help": "Type of cut",
+                "choices": ["FULL", "PART"],
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'cut',
-            'help': 'Cut the paper',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "cashdraw",
+            "help": "Kick the cash drawer",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'cut',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "cashdraw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--mode',),
-                'help': 'Type of cut',
-                'choices': ['FULL', 'PART'],
+                "option_strings": ("--pin",),
+                "help": "Which PIN to kick",
+                "choices": [2, 5],
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'cashdraw',
-            'help': 'Kick the cash drawer',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "image",
+            "help": "Print an image",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'cashdraw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "image",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--pin',),
-                'help': 'Which PIN to kick',
-                'choices': [2, 5],
+                "option_strings": ("--img_source",),
+                "help": "Path to image",
+                "required": True,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--impl",),
+                "help": "Implementation to use",
+                "choices": ["bitImageRaster", "bitImageColumn", "graphics"],
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--high_density_horizontal",),
+                "help": "Image density (horizontal)",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                "option_strings": ("--high_density_vertical",),
+                "help": "Image density (vertical)",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'image',
-            'help': 'Print an image',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "fullimage",
+            "help": "Print a fullimage",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'image',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "fullimage",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--img_source',),
-                'help': 'Path to image',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--img",),
+                "help": "Path to img",
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--impl',),
-                'help': 'Implementation to use',
-                'choices': ['bitImageRaster', 'bitImageColumn', 'graphics'],
+                "option_strings": ("--max_height",),
+                "help": "Max height of image in px",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--high_density_horizontal',),
-                'help': 'Image density (horizontal)',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Max width of image in px",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--high_density_vertical',),
-                'help': 'Image density (vertical)',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },      
-                      
-        ],
+                "option_strings": ("--histeq",),
+                "help": "Equalize the histrogram",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'fullimage',
-            'help': 'Print a fullimage',
-        },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'fullimage',
-        },
-        'arguments': [
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--img',),
-                'help': 'Path to img',
-                'required': True,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--max_height',),
-                'help': 'Max height of image in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Max width of image in px',
-                'type': int,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--histeq',),
-                'help': 'Equalize the histrogram',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-            },
-            {
-                'option_strings': ('--bandsize',),
-                'help': 'Size of bands to divide into when printing',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--bandsize",),
+                "help": "Size of bands to divide into when printing",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'charcode',
-            'help': 'Set character code table',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "charcode",
+            "help": "Set character code table",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'charcode',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "charcode",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--code',),
-                'help': 'Character code',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--code",),
+                "help": "Character code",
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'set',
-            'help': 'Set text properties',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "set",
+            "help": "Set text properties",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'set',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "set",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--align',),
-                'help': 'Horizontal alignment',
-                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+                "option_strings": ("--align",),
+                "help": "Horizontal alignment",
+                "choices": ["left", "center", "right"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--font',),
-                'help': 'Font choice',
-                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+                "option_strings": ("--font",),
+                "help": "Font choice",
+                "choices": ["left", "center", "right"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--text_type',),
-                'help': 'Text properties',
-                'choices': ['B', 'U', 'U2', 'BU', 'BU2', 'NORMAL'],
+                "option_strings": ("--text_type",),
+                "help": "Text properties",
+                "choices": ["B", "U", "U2", "BU", "BU2", "NORMAL"],
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--width',),
-                'help': 'Width multiplier',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--width",),
+                "help": "Width multiplier",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--height',),
-                'help': 'Height multiplier',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--height",),
+                "help": "Height multiplier",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--density',),
-                'help': 'Print density',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--density",),
+                "help": "Print density",
+                "type": int,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--invert',),
-                'help': 'White on black printing',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--invert",),
+                "help": "White on black printing",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--smooth',),
-                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--smooth",),
+                "help": "Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--flip',),
-                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
+                "option_strings": ("--flip",),
+                "help": "Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'hw',
-            'help': 'Hardware operations',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "hw",
+            "help": "Hardware operations",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'hw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "hw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--hw',),
-                'help': 'Operation',
-                'choices': ['INIT', 'SELECT', 'RESET'],
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--hw",),
+                "help": "Operation",
+                "choices": ["INIT", "SELECT", "RESET"],
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'control',
-            'help': 'Control sequences',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "control",
+            "help": "Control sequences",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'control',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "control",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--ctl',),
-                'help': 'Control sequence',
-                'choices': ['LF', 'FF', 'CR', 'HT', 'VT'],
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--ctl",),
+                "help": "Control sequence",
+                "choices": ["LF", "FF", "CR", "HT", "VT"],
+                "required": True,
             },
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
-                'help': 'Horizontal tab position (1-4)',
-                'type': int,
+                "option_strings": ("--pos",),
+                "help": "Horizontal tab position (1-4)",
+                "type": int,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'panel_buttons',
-            'help': 'Controls panel buttons',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "panel_buttons",
+            "help": "Controls panel buttons",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': 'panel_buttons',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "panel_buttons",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--enable',),
-                'help': 'Feed button enabled',
-                'type': str_to_bool,
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--enable",),
+                "help": "Feed button enabled",
+                "type": str_to_bool,
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
     {
-        'parser': {
-            'name': 'raw',
-            'help': 'Raw data',
+        "parser": {
+            "name": "raw",
+            "help": "Raw data",
         },
-        'defaults': {
-            'func': '_raw',
+        "defaults": {
+            "func": "_raw",
         },
-        'arguments': [
+        "arguments": [
             {
-                'option_strings': ('--msg',),
-                'help': 'Raw data to send',
-                'required': True,
+                "option_strings": ("--msg",),
+                "help": "Raw data to send",
+                "required": True,
             },
         ],
     },
@@ -445,68 +455,71 @@ def main():
     """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description='CLI for python-escpos',
-        epilog='Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config'
-        'file. See documentation for details.',
+        description="CLI for python-escpos",
+        epilog="Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config"
+        "file. See documentation for details.",
     )
 
-    parser.register('type', 'bool', str_to_bool)
+    parser.register("type", "bool", str_to_bool)
 
     # Allow config file location to be passed
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-c', '--config',
-        help='Alternate path to the configuration file',
+        "-c",
+        "--config",
+        help="Alternate path to the configuration file",
     )
 
     # Everything interesting runs off of a subparser so we can use the format
     # cli [subparser] -args
     command_subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
-        title='ESCPOS Command',
-        dest='parser',
+        title="ESCPOS Command",
+        dest="parser",
     )
     # fix inconsistencies in the behaviour of some versions of argparse
     command_subparsers.required = False  # force 'required' testing
 
     # Build the ESCPOS command arguments
     for command in ESCPOS_COMMANDS:
-        parser_command = command_subparsers.add_parser(**command['parser'])
-        parser_command.set_defaults(**command['defaults'])
-        for argument in command['arguments']:
-            option_strings = argument.pop('option_strings')
+        parser_command = command_subparsers.add_parser(**command["parser"])
+        parser_command.set_defaults(**command["defaults"])
+        for argument in command["arguments"]:
+            option_strings = argument.pop("option_strings")
             parser_command.add_argument(*option_strings, **argument)
 
     # Build any custom arguments
-    parser_command_demo = command_subparsers.add_parser('demo',
-                                                        help='Demonstrates various functions')
-    parser_command_demo.set_defaults(func='demo')
+    parser_command_demo = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "demo", help="Demonstrates various functions"
+    )
+    parser_command_demo.set_defaults(func="demo")
     demo_group = parser_command_demo.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--barcodes-a',
-        help='Print demo barcodes for function type A',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--barcodes-a",
+        help="Print demo barcodes for function type A",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--barcodes-b',
-        help='Print demo barcodes for function type B',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--barcodes-b",
+        help="Print demo barcodes for function type B",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--qr',
-        help='Print some demo QR codes',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--qr",
+        help="Print some demo QR codes",
+        action="store_true",
     )
     demo_group.add_argument(
-        '--text',
-        help='Print some demo text',
-        action='store_true',
+        "--text",
+        help="Print some demo text",
+        action="store_true",
     )
 
-    parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser('version',
-                                                           help='Print the version of python-escpos')
+    parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser(
+        "version", help="Print the version of python-escpos"
+    )
     parser_command_version.set_defaults(version=True)
 
     # hook in argcomplete
-    if 'argcomplete' in globals():
+    if "argcomplete" in globals():
         argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
 
     # Get only arguments actually passed
@@ -514,16 +527,18 @@ def main():
     if not args_dict:
         parser.print_help()
         sys.exit()
-    command_arguments = dict([k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None)
+    command_arguments = dict(
+        [k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None
+    )
 
     # If version should be printed, do this, then exit
-    print_version = command_arguments.pop('version', None)
+    print_version = command_arguments.pop("version", None)
     if print_version:
         print(version.version)
         sys.exit()
 
     # If there was a config path passed, grab it
-    config_path = command_arguments.pop('config', None)
+    config_path = command_arguments.pop("config", None)
 
     # Load the configuration and defined printer
     saved_config = config.Config()
@@ -531,12 +546,12 @@ def main():
     printer = saved_config.printer()
 
     if not printer:
-        raise Exception('No printers loaded from config')
+        raise Exception("No printers loaded from config")
 
-    target_command = command_arguments.pop('func')
+    target_command = command_arguments.pop("func")
 
     # remove helper-argument 'parser' from dict
-    command_arguments.pop('parser', None)
+    command_arguments.pop("parser", None)
 
     if hasattr(printer, target_command):
         # print command with args
@@ -544,13 +559,13 @@ def main():
         if target_command in REQUIRES_NEWLINE:
             printer.text("\n")
     else:
-        command_arguments['printer'] = printer
+        command_arguments["printer"] = printer
         globals()[target_command](**command_arguments)
 
 
 def demo(printer, **kwargs):
     """
-    Prints specificed demos. Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
+    Prints demos. Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
     uses the DEMO_FUNCTIONS dictionary.
 
     :param printer: A printer from escpos.printer
@@ -560,13 +575,14 @@ def demo(printer, **kwargs):
     for demo_choice in kwargs.keys():
         command = getattr(
             printer,
-            demo_choice
-            .replace('barcodes_a', 'barcode')
-            .replace('barcodes_b', 'barcode')
+            demo_choice.replace("barcodes_a", "barcode").replace(
+                "barcodes_b", "barcode"
+            ),
         )
         for params in DEMO_FUNCTIONS[demo_choice]:
             command(**params)
         printer.cut()
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

src/escpos/codepages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from .capabilities import CAPABILITIES
+
+
+class CodePageManager:
+    """Holds information about all the code pages (as defined
+    in escpos-printer-db).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+
+    def get_all(self):
+        return self.data.values()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_encoding_name(encoding):
+        # TODO resolve the encoding alias
+        return encoding.upper()
+
+    def get_encoding(self, encoding):
+        return self.data[encoding]
+
+
+CodePages = CodePageManager(CAPABILITIES["encodings"])

src/escpos/config.py

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 """ ESC/POS configuration manager.
 
-This module contains the implentations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
+This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import os
 import appdirs
@@ -23,8 +19,9 @@ class Config(object):
     This class loads configuration from a default or specificed directory. It
     can create your defined printer and return it to you.
     """
-    _app_name = 'python-escpos'
-    _config_file = 'config.yaml'
+
+    _app_name = "python-escpos"
+    _config_file = "config.yaml"
 
     def __init__(self):
         """Initialize configuration.
@@ -62,31 +59,32 @@ class Config(object):
 
         if not config_path:
             config_path = os.path.join(
-                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name),
-                self._config_file
+                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name), self._config_file
             )
 
         try:
             # First check if it's file like. If it is, pyyaml can load it.
             # I'm checking type instead of catching exceptions to keep the
             # exception handling simple
-            if hasattr(config_path, 'read'):
+            if hasattr(config_path, "read"):
                 config = yaml.safe_load(config_path)
             else:
                 # If it isn't, it's a path. We have to open it first, otherwise
                 # pyyaml will try to read it as yaml
-                with open(config_path, 'rb') as config_file:
+                with open(config_path, "rb") as config_file:
                     config = yaml.safe_load(config_file)
         except EnvironmentError:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError('Couldn\'t read config at {config_path}'.format(
+            raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError(
+                "Couldn't read config at {config_path}".format(
                     config_path=str(config_path),
-            ))
+                )
+            )
         except yaml.YAMLError:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError('Error parsing YAML')
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError("Error parsing YAML")
 
-        if 'printer' in config:
-            self._printer_config = config['printer']
-            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop('type').title()
+        if "printer" in config:
+            self._printer_config = config["printer"]
+            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop("type").title()
 
             if not self._printer_name or not hasattr(printer, self._printer_name):
                 raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError(
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ class Config(object):
             self.load()
 
         if not self._printer_name:
-            raise exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError('printer')
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError("printer")
 
         if not self._printer:
             # We could catch init errors and make them a ConfigSyntaxError,

src/escpos/constants.py

@@ -7,181 +7,259 @@ moved to `capabilities` as in `escpos-php by @mike42 <https://github.com/mike42/
 
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import six
 
 # Control characters
-# as labelled in http://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
-NUL = b'\x00'
-EOT = b'\x04'
-ENQ = b'\x05'
-DLE = b'\x10'
-DC4 = b'\x14'
-CAN = b'\x18'
-ESC = b'\x1b'
-FS  = b'\x1c'
-GS  = b'\x1d'
+# as labelled in https://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
+NUL = b"\x00"
+EOT = b"\x04"
+ENQ = b"\x05"
+DLE = b"\x10"
+DC4 = b"\x14"
+CAN = b"\x18"
+ESC = b"\x1b"
+FS = b"\x1c"
+GS = b"\x1d"
 
 # Feed control sequences
-CTL_LF = b'\n'              # Print and line feed
-CTL_FF = b'\f'              # Form feed
-CTL_CR = b'\r'              # Carriage return
-CTL_HT = b'\t'              # Horizontal tab
-CTL_SET_HT = ESC + b'\x44'  # Set horizontal tab positions
-CTL_VT = b'\v'              # Vertical tab
+CTL_LF = b"\n"  # Print and line feed
+CTL_FF = b"\f"  # Form feed
+CTL_CR = b"\r"  # Carriage return
+CTL_HT = b"\t"  # Horizontal tab
+CTL_SET_HT = ESC + b"\x44"  # Set horizontal tab positions
+CTL_VT = b"\v"  # Vertical tab
 
 # Printer hardware
-HW_INIT   = ESC + b'@'             # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
-HW_SELECT = ESC + b'=\x01'         # Printer select
+HW_INIT = ESC + b"@"  # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
+HW_SELECT = ESC + b"=\x01"  # Printer select
 
-HW_RESET  = ESC + b'\x3f\x0a\x00'   # Reset printer hardware
+HW_RESET = ESC + b"\x3f\x0a\x00"  # Reset printer hardware
 # (TODO: Where is this specified?)
 
 # Cash Drawer (ESC p <pin> <on time: 2*ms> <off time: 2*ms>)
-_CASH_DRAWER = lambda m, t1='', t2='': ESC + b'p' + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
-CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x00', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
-CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x01', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+_CASH_DRAWER = (
+    lambda m, t1="", t2="": ESC + b"p" + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
+)
+CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = (
+    lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc)
+    + six.int2byte(p)
+    + six.int2byte(m)
+    + six.int2byte(t1)
+    + six.int2byte(t2)
+)
+CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x00", 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
+CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b"\x01", 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
 
 # Paper Cutter
-_CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b'V' + m
-PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x00')  # Full cut paper
-PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x01')  # Partial cut paper
+_CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b"V" + m
+PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x00")  # Full cut paper
+PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b"\x01")  # Partial cut paper
+
+# Beep (please note that the actual beep sequence may differ between devices)
+BEEP = b"\x07"
 
 # Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
-_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b'c5' + six.int2byte(n)
+_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b"c5" + six.int2byte(n)
 PANEL_BUTTON_ON = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
 PANEL_BUTTON_OFF = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
 
+# Line display printing
+LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN = ESC + b"\x3d\x02"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR = ESC + b"\x40"
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE = ESC + b"\x3d\x01"
+
+# Sheet modes
+SHEET_SLIP_MODE = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x04"  # slip paper
+SHEET_ROLL_MODE = ESC + b"\x63\x30\x01"  # paper roll
+
+# Slip specific codes
+SLIP_EJECT = ESC + b"\x4b\xc0"  # Eject the slip or cheque
+SLIP_SELECT = FS  # Select the slip station as default station
+SLIP_SET_WAIT_TIME = (
+    ESC + b"\x1b\x66"
+)  # Set timeout waiting for a slip/cheque to be inserted
+SLIP_PRINT_AND_EJECT = (
+    b"\x0c"  # Print the buffer and eject (after waiting for the paper to be inserted)
+)
+
 # Text format
 # TODO: Acquire the "ESC/POS Application Programming Guide for Paper Roll
 #       Printers" and tidy up this stuff too.
-TXT_FLIP_ON    = ESC + b'\x7b\x01'
-TXT_FLIP_OFF   = ESC + b'\x7b\x00'
-TXT_SMOOTH_ON  = GS + b'\x62\x01'
-TXT_SMOOTH_OFF = GS + b'\x62\x00'
-TXT_SIZE       = GS + b'!'
-TXT_WIDTH      = {1: 0x00,
-                  2: 0x10,
-                  3: 0x20,
-                  4: 0x30,
-                  5: 0x40,
-                  6: 0x50,
-                  7: 0x60,
-                  8: 0x70}
-TXT_HEIGHT     = {1: 0x00,
+TXT_SIZE = GS + b"!"
+
+TXT_NORMAL = ESC + b"!\x00"  # Normal text
+
+
+TXT_STYLE = {
+    "bold": {
+        False: ESC + b"\x45\x00",  # Bold font OFF
+        True: ESC + b"\x45\x01",  # Bold font ON
+    },
+    "underline": {
+        0: ESC + b"\x2d\x00",  # Underline font OFF
+        1: ESC + b"\x2d\x01",  # Underline font 1-dot ON
+        2: ESC + b"\x2d\x02",  # Underline font 2-dot ON
+    },
+    "size": {
+        "normal": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x00",  # Normal text
+        "2h": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x10",  # Double height text
+        "2w": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x20",  # Double width text
+        "2x": TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b"!\x30",  # Quad area text
+    },
+    "font": {
+        "a": ESC + b"\x4d\x00",  # Font type A
+        "b": ESC + b"\x4d\x00",  # Font type B
+    },
+    "align": {
+        "left": ESC + b"\x61\x00",  # Left justification
+        "center": ESC + b"\x61\x01",  # Centering
+        "right": ESC + b"\x61\x02",  # Right justification
+    },
+    "invert": {
+        True: GS + b"\x42\x01",  # Inverse Printing ON
+        False: GS + b"\x42\x00",  # Inverse Printing OFF
+    },
+    "color": {
+        "black": ESC + b"\x72\x00",  # Default Color
+        "red": ESC + b"\x72\x01",  # Alternative Color, Usually Red
+    },
+    "flip": {True: ESC + b"\x7b\x01", False: ESC + b"\x7b\x00"},  # Flip ON  # Flip OFF
+    "density": {
+        0: GS + b"\x7c\x00",  # Printing Density -50%
+        1: GS + b"\x7c\x01",  # Printing Density -37.5%
+        2: GS + b"\x7c\x02",  # Printing Density -25%
+        3: GS + b"\x7c\x03",  # Printing Density -12.5%
+        4: GS + b"\x7c\x04",  # Printing Density  0%
+        5: GS + b"\x7c\x08",  # Printing Density +50%
+        6: GS + b"\x7c\x07",  # Printing Density +37.5%
+        7: GS + b"\x7c\x06",  # Printing Density +25%
+        8: GS + b"\x7c\x05",  # Printing Density +12.5%
+    },
+    "smooth": {
+        True: GS + b"\x62\x01",  # Smooth ON
+        False: GS + b"\x62\x00",  # Smooth OFF
+    },
+    "height": {  # Custom text height
+        1: 0x00,
         2: 0x01,
         3: 0x02,
         4: 0x03,
         5: 0x04,
         6: 0x05,
         7: 0x06,
-                  8: 0x07}
-TXT_NORMAL     = ESC + b'!\x00'     # Normal text
-TXT_2HEIGHT    = ESC + b'!\x10'     # Double height text
-TXT_2WIDTH     = ESC + b'!\x20'     # Double width text
-TXT_4SQUARE    = ESC + b'!\x30'     # Quad area text
-TXT_UNDERL_OFF = ESC + b'\x2d\x00'  # Underline font OFF
-TXT_UNDERL_ON  = ESC + b'\x2d\x01'  # Underline font 1-dot ON
-TXT_UNDERL2_ON = ESC + b'\x2d\x02'  # Underline font 2-dot ON
-TXT_BOLD_OFF   = ESC + b'\x45\x00'  # Bold font OFF
-TXT_BOLD_ON    = ESC + b'\x45\x01'  # Bold font ON
-TXT_FONT_A     = ESC + b'\x4d\x00'  # Font type A
-TXT_FONT_B     = ESC + b'\x4d\x01'  # Font type B
-TXT_ALIGN_LT   = ESC + b'\x61\x00'  # Left justification
-TXT_ALIGN_CT   = ESC + b'\x61\x01'  # Centering
-TXT_ALIGN_RT   = ESC + b'\x61\x02'  # Right justification
-TXT_INVERT_ON  = GS  + b'\x42\x01'  # Inverse Printing ON
-TXT_INVERT_OFF = GS  + b'\x42\x00'  # Inverse Printing OFF
+        8: 0x07,
+    },
+    "width": {  # Custom text width
+        1: 0x00,
+        2: 0x10,
+        3: 0x20,
+        4: 0x30,
+        5: 0x40,
+        6: 0x50,
+        7: 0x60,
+        8: 0x70,
+    },
+}
 
-# Char code table
-CHARCODE_PC437  = ESC + b'\x74\x00'  # USA: Standard Europe
-CHARCODE_JIS    = ESC + b'\x74\x01'  # Japanese Katakana
-CHARCODE_PC850  = ESC + b'\x74\x02'  # Multilingual
-CHARCODE_PC860  = ESC + b'\x74\x03'  # Portuguese
-CHARCODE_PC863  = ESC + b'\x74\x04'  # Canadian-French
-CHARCODE_PC865  = ESC + b'\x74\x05'  # Nordic
-CHARCODE_WEU    = ESC + b'\x74\x06'  # Simplified Kanji, Hirakana
-CHARCODE_GREEK  = ESC + b'\x74\x07'  # Simplified Kanji
-CHARCODE_HEBREW = ESC + b'\x74\x08'  # Simplified Kanji
-CHARCODE_PC1252 = ESC + b'\x74\x11'  # Western European Windows Code Set
-CHARCODE_PC866  = ESC + b'\x74\x12'  # Cirillic #2
-CHARCODE_PC852  = ESC + b'\x74\x13'  # Latin 2
-CHARCODE_PC858  = ESC + b'\x74\x14'  # Euro
-CHARCODE_THAI42 = ESC + b'\x74\x15'  # Thai character code 42
-CHARCODE_THAI11 = ESC + b'\x74\x16'  # Thai character code 11
-CHARCODE_THAI13 = ESC + b'\x74\x17'  # Thai character code 13
-CHARCODE_THAI14 = ESC + b'\x74\x18'  # Thai character code 14
-CHARCODE_THAI16 = ESC + b'\x74\x19'  # Thai character code 16
-CHARCODE_THAI17 = ESC + b'\x74\x1a'  # Thai character code 17
-CHARCODE_THAI18 = ESC + b'\x74\x1b'  # Thai character code 18
+# Fonts
+SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b"\x4d" + n
+TXT_FONT_A = SET_FONT(b"\x00")  # Font type A
+TXT_FONT_B = SET_FONT(b"\x01")  # Font type B
+
+# Spacing
+LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b"2"
+LINESPACING_FUNCS = {
+    60: ESC + b"A",  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
+    360: ESC + b"+",  # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+    180: ESC + b"3",  # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+}
+
+# Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
+# the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
+CODEPAGE_CHANGE = ESC + b"\x74"
 
 # Barcode format
-_SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b'H' + n
-BARCODE_TXT_OFF = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x00')  # HRI barcode chars OFF
-BARCODE_TXT_ABV = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x01')  # HRI barcode chars above
-BARCODE_TXT_BLW = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x02')  # HRI barcode chars below
-BARCODE_TXT_BTH = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x03')  # HRI both above and below
+_SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b"H" + n
+BARCODE_TXT_OFF = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x00")  # HRI barcode chars OFF
+BARCODE_TXT_ABV = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x01")  # HRI barcode chars above
+BARCODE_TXT_BLW = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x02")  # HRI barcode chars below
+BARCODE_TXT_BTH = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b"\x03")  # HRI both above and below
 
-_SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b'f' + n
-BARCODE_FONT_A = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
-BARCODE_FONT_B = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
+_SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b"f" + n
+BARCODE_FONT_A = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x00")  # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
+BARCODE_FONT_B = _SET_HRI_FONT(b"\x01")  # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
 
-BARCODE_HEIGHT = GS + b'h'  # Barcode Height [1-255]
-BARCODE_WIDTH  = GS + b'w'  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
+BARCODE_HEIGHT = GS + b"h"  # Barcode Height [1-255]
+BARCODE_WIDTH = GS + b"w"  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
 
 # NOTE: This isn't actually an ESC/POS command. It's the common prefix to the
 #      two "print bar code" commands:
 #      -  Type A: "GS k <type as integer> <data> NUL"
 #      -  TYPE B: "GS k <type as letter> <data length> <data>"
 #      The latter command supports more barcode types
-_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b'k' + six.int2byte(m)
+_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b"k" + six.int2byte(m)
 
 # Barcodes for printing function type A
 BARCODE_TYPE_A = {
-    'UPC-A':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
-    'UPC-E':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
-    'EAN13':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
-    'EAN8':    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(3),
-    'CODE39':  _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(4),
-    'ITF':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(5),
-    'NW7':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),
-    'CODABAR': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
+    "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
+    "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
+    "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
+    "EAN8": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(3),
+    "CODE39": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(4),
+    "ITF": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(5),
+    "NW7": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),
+    "CODABAR": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
 }
 
 # Barcodes for printing function type B
 # The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
 BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
-    'UPC-A':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
-    'UPC-E':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
-    'EAN13':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
-    'EAN8':                        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(68),
-    'CODE39':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(69),
-    'ITF':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(70),
-    'NW7':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
-    'CODABAR':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
-    'CODE93':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
-    # These are all the same barcode, but using different charcter sets
-    'CODE128A':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{A',  # CODE128 character set A
-    'CODE128B':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{B',  # CODE128 character set B
-    'CODE128C':                    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73) + b'{C',  # CODE128 character set C
-    'GS1-128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
-    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
-    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
-    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(77),
-    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
+    "UPC-A": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
+    "UPC-E": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
+    "EAN13": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
+    "EAN8": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(68),
+    "CODE39": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(69),
+    "ITF": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(70),
+    "NW7": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
+    "CODABAR": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
+    "CODE93": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
+    "CODE128": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73),
+    "GS1-128": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
+    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
+    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
+    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(77),
+    "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
+}
+
+BARCODE_FORMATS = {
+    "UPC-A": ([(11, 12)], "^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
+    "UPC-E": ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], "^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
+    "EAN13": ([(12, 13)], "^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
+    "EAN8": ([(7, 8)], "^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
+    "CODE39": ([(1, 255)], "^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
+    "ITF": ([(2, 255)], "^([0-9]{2})+$"),
+    "NW7": ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
+    "CODABAR": ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
+    "CODE93": ([(1, 255)], "^[\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
+    "CODE128": ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
+    "GS1-128": ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),  # same as CODE128
+    "GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL": ([(13, 13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),
+    "GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED": ([(13, 13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),  # same as GS1 omnidirectional
+    "GS1 DATABAR LIMITED": ([(13, 13)], "^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
+    "GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED": (
+        [(2, 255)],
+        "^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$",
+    ),
 }
 
 BARCODE_TYPES = {
-    'A': BARCODE_TYPE_A,
-    'B': BARCODE_TYPE_B,
+    "A": BARCODE_TYPE_A,
+    "B": BARCODE_TYPE_B,
 }
 
 # QRCode error correction levels
@@ -198,19 +276,17 @@ QR_MICRO = 3
 # Image format
 # NOTE: _PRINT_RASTER_IMG is the obsolete ESC/POS "print raster bit image"
 #       command. The constants include a fragment of the data's header.
-_PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b'v0' + data
-S_RASTER_N  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x00')  # Set raster image normal size
-S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x01')  # Set raster image double width
-S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x02')  # Set raster image double height
-S_RASTER_Q  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x03')  # Set raster image quadruple
+_PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b"v0" + data
+S_RASTER_N = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x00")  # Set raster image normal size
+S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x01")  # Set raster image double width
+S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x02")  # Set raster image double height
+S_RASTER_Q = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b"\x03")  # Set raster image quadruple
 
-# Printing Density
-PD_N50 = GS + b'\x7c\x00'  # Printing Density -50%
-PD_N37 = GS + b'\x7c\x01'  # Printing Density -37.5%
-PD_N25 = GS + b'\x7c\x02'  # Printing Density -25%
-PD_N12 = GS + b'\x7c\x03'  # Printing Density -12.5%
-PD_0   = GS + b'\x7c\x04'  # Printing Density  0%
-PD_P50 = GS + b'\x7c\x08'  # Printing Density +50%
-PD_P37 = GS + b'\x7c\x07'  # Printing Density +37.5%
-PD_P25 = GS + b'\x7c\x06'  # Printing Density +25%
-PD_P12 = GS + b'\x7c\x05'  # Printing Density +12.5%
+# Status Command
+RT_STATUS = DLE + EOT
+RT_STATUS_ONLINE = RT_STATUS + b"\x01"
+RT_STATUS_PAPER = RT_STATUS + b"\x04"
+RT_MASK_ONLINE = 8
+RT_MASK_PAPER = 18
+RT_MASK_LOWPAPER = 30
+RT_MASK_NOPAPER = 114

src/escpos/exceptions.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Result/Exit codes:
     - `20` = Barcode size values are out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError`
     - `30` = Barcode text not supplied :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError`
     - `40` = Image height is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageSizeError`
+    - `41` = Image width is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageWidthError`
     - `50` = No string supplied to be printed :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
     - `60` = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
     - `70` = Invalid number of tab positions :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
@@ -20,18 +21,14 @@ Result/Exit codes:
 
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 
 class Error(Exception):
     """Base class for ESC/POS errors"""
+
     def __init__(self, msg, status=None):
         Exception.__init__(self)
         self.msg = msg
@@ -50,6 +47,7 @@ class BarcodeTypeError(Error):
     one of those specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
     The returned error code is `10`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
@@ -66,6 +64,7 @@ class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
     The size of the barcode has to be in the range that is specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
     The resulting returncode is `20`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
@@ -76,18 +75,20 @@ class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
 
 
 class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
-    """ No Barcode code was supplied.
+    """No Barcode code was supplied, or it is incorrect.
 
-    No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
+    No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode` or the the `check` parameter
+    was True and the check failed.
     The returncode for this exception is `30`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 30
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "No Barcode code was supplied"
+        return "No Barcode code was supplied ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class ImageSizeError(Error):
@@ -95,13 +96,31 @@ class ImageSizeError(Error):
 
     The returncode for this exception is `40`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 40
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed"
+        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
+
+
+class ImageWidthError(Error):
+    """Image width is too large.
+
+    The return code for this exception is `41`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 41
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Image width is too large ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class TextError(Error):
@@ -110,13 +129,16 @@ class TextError(Error):
     This exception is raised when an empty string is passed to :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.text`.
     The returncode for this exception is `50`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 50
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method"
+        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
 
 
 class CashDrawerError(Error):
@@ -125,28 +147,33 @@ class CashDrawerError(Error):
     A valid pin number has to be passed onto the method :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.cashdraw`.
     The returncode for this exception is `60`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 60
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse"
+        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class TabPosError(Error):
-    """ Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16.
+    """Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
+    Both values multiplied must not exceed 255, since it is the maximum tab value.
 
     This exception is raised by :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.control`.
     The returncode for this exception is `70`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 70
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16"
+        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})".format(
+            msg=self.msg
+        )
 
 
 class CharCodeError(Error):
@@ -155,13 +182,14 @@ class CharCodeError(Error):
     The supplied charcode-name in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.charcode` is unknown.
     Ths returncode for this exception is `80`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 80
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid char code must be set"
+        return "Valid char code must be set ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class USBNotFoundError(Error):
@@ -170,13 +198,14 @@ class USBNotFoundError(Error):
     The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
     Ths returncode for this exception is `90`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 90
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "USB device not found"
+        return "USB device not found ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 class SetVariableError(Error):
@@ -185,23 +214,26 @@ class SetVariableError(Error):
     Check set variables against minimum and maximum values
     Ths returncode for this exception is `100`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
         self.resultcode = 100
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return "Set variable out of range"
+        return "Set variable out of range ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
 
 
 # Configuration errors
 
+
 class ConfigNotFoundError(Error):
     """The configuration file was not found
 
     The default or passed configuration file could not be read
     Ths returncode for this exception is `200`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
@@ -217,6 +249,7 @@ class ConfigSyntaxError(Error):
     The syntax is incorrect
     Ths returncode for this exception is `210`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg
@@ -232,6 +265,7 @@ class ConfigSectionMissingError(Error):
     The part of the config asked for doesn't exist in the loaded configuration
     Ths returncode for this exception is `220`.
     """
+
     def __init__(self, msg=""):
         Error.__init__(self, msg)
         self.msg = msg

src/escpos/image.py

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
+
+import math
 from PIL import Image, ImageOps
 
 
@@ -30,9 +32,12 @@ class EscposImage(object):
         else:
             img_original = Image.open(img_source)
 
+        # store image for eventual further processing (splitting)
+        self.img_original = img_original
+
         # Convert to white RGB background, paste over white background
         # to strip alpha.
-        img_original = img_original.convert('RGBA')
+        img_original = img_original.convert("RGBA")
         im = Image.new("RGB", img_original.size, (255, 255, 255))
         im.paste(img_original, mask=img_original.split()[3])
         # Convert down to greyscale
@@ -88,3 +93,37 @@ class EscposImage(object):
         Convert image to raster-format binary
         """
         return self._im.tobytes()
+
+    def split(self, fragment_height):
+        """
+        Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels
+
+        :param fragment_height: height of fragment
+        :return: list of PIL objects
+        """
+        passes = int(math.ceil(self.height / fragment_height))
+        fragments = []
+        for n in range(0, passes):
+            left = 0
+            right = self.width
+            upper = n * fragment_height
+            lower = min((n + 1) * fragment_height, self.height)
+            box = (left, upper, right, lower)
+            fragments.append(self.img_original.crop(box))
+        return fragments
+
+    def center(self, max_width):
+        """In-place image centering
+
+        :param: Maximum width in order to deduce x offset for centering
+        :return: None
+        """
+        old_width, height = self._im.size
+        new_size = (max_width, height)
+
+        new_im = Image.new("1", new_size)
+        paste_x = int((max_width - old_width) / 2)
+
+        new_im.paste(self._im, (paste_x, 0))
+
+        self._im = new_im

src/escpos/katakana.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Helpers to encode Japanese characters.
+
+I doubt that this currently works correctly.
+"""
+
+
+try:
+    import jaconv
+except ImportError:
+    jaconv = None
+
+
+def encode_katakana(text):
+    """I don't think this quite works yet."""
+    encoded = []
+    for char in text:
+        if jaconv:
+            # try to convert japanese text to half-katakanas
+            char = jaconv.z2h(jaconv.hira2kata(char))
+            # TODO: "the conversion may result in multiple characters"
+            # If that really can happen (I am not really shure), than the string would have to be split and every single
+            #  character has to passed through the following lines.
+
+        if char in TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP:
+            encoded.append(TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP[char])
+        else:
+            # TODO doesn't this discard all that is not in the map? Can we be sure that the input does contain only
+            # encodable characters? We could at least throw an exception if encoding is not possible.
+            pass
+    return b"".join(encoded)
+
+
+TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP = {
+    # Maps UTF-8 Katakana symbols to KATAKANA Page Codes
+    # TODO: has this really to be hardcoded?
+    # Half-Width Katakanas
+    "｡": b"\xa1",
+    "｢": b"\xa2",
+    "｣": b"\xa3",
+    "､": b"\xa4",
+    "･": b"\xa5",
+    "ｦ": b"\xa6",
+    "ｧ": b"\xa7",
+    "ｨ": b"\xa8",
+    "ｩ": b"\xa9",
+    "ｪ": b"\xaa",
+    "ｫ": b"\xab",
+    "ｬ": b"\xac",
+    "ｭ": b"\xad",
+    "ｮ": b"\xae",
+    "ｯ": b"\xaf",
+    "ｰ": b"\xb0",
+    "ｱ": b"\xb1",
+    "ｲ": b"\xb2",
+    "ｳ": b"\xb3",
+    "ｴ": b"\xb4",
+    "ｵ": b"\xb5",
+    "ｶ": b"\xb6",
+    "ｷ": b"\xb7",
+    "ｸ": b"\xb8",
+    "ｹ": b"\xb9",
+    "ｺ": b"\xba",
+    "ｻ": b"\xbb",
+    "ｼ": b"\xbc",
+    "ｽ": b"\xbd",
+    "ｾ": b"\xbe",
+    "ｿ": b"\xbf",
+    "ﾀ": b"\xc0",
+    "ﾁ": b"\xc1",
+    "ﾂ": b"\xc2",
+    "ﾃ": b"\xc3",
+    "ﾄ": b"\xc4",
+    "ﾅ": b"\xc5",
+    "ﾆ": b"\xc6",
+    "ﾇ": b"\xc7",
+    "ﾈ": b"\xc8",
+    "ﾉ": b"\xc9",
+    "ﾊ": b"\xca",
+    "ﾋ": b"\xcb",
+    "ﾌ": b"\xcc",
+    "ﾍ": b"\xcd",
+    "ﾎ": b"\xce",
+    "ﾏ": b"\xcf",
+    "ﾐ": b"\xd0",
+    "ﾑ": b"\xd1",
+    "ﾒ": b"\xd2",
+    "ﾓ": b"\xd3",
+    "ﾔ": b"\xd4",
+    "ﾕ": b"\xd5",
+    "ﾖ": b"\xd6",
+    "ﾗ": b"\xd7",
+    "ﾘ": b"\xd8",
+    "ﾙ": b"\xd9",
+    "ﾚ": b"\xda",
+    "ﾛ": b"\xdb",
+    "ﾜ": b"\xdc",
+    "ﾝ": b"\xdd",
+    "ﾞ": b"\xde",
+    "ﾟ": b"\xdf",
+}

src/escpos/magicencode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" Magic Encode
+
+This module tries to convert an UTF-8 string to an encoded string for the printer.
+It uses trial and error in order to guess the right codepage.
+The code is based on the encoding-code in py-xml-escpos by @fvdsn.
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler and Frédéric van der Essen
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+from builtins import bytes
+from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
+from .exceptions import Error
+from .codepages import CodePages
+import six
+import re
+
+
+class Encoder(object):
+    """Takes a list of available code spaces. Picks the right one for a
+    given character.
+
+    Note: To determine the code page, it needs to do the conversion, and
+    thus already knows what the final byte in the target encoding would
+    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class doesn't return the byte.
+
+    The caller use to do the character conversion itself.
+
+        $ python -m timeit -s "{u'ö':'a'}.get(u'ö')"
+        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0133 usec per loop
+
+        $ python -m timeit -s "u'ö'.encode('latin1')"
+        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0141 usec per loop
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, codepage_map):
+        self.codepages = codepage_map
+        self.available_encodings = set(codepage_map.keys())
+        self.available_characters = {}
+        self.used_encodings = set()
+
+    def get_sequence(self, encoding):
+        return int(self.codepages[encoding])
+
+    def get_encoding_name(self, encoding):
+        """Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
+        canonical encoding name; and also validate that the encoding
+        is supported.
+
+        TODO: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
+        """
+        encoding = CodePages.get_encoding_name(encoding)
+        if encoding not in self.codepages:
+            raise ValueError(
+                (
+                    'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
+                    "Valid encodings are: {}"
+                ).format(encoding, ",".join(self.codepages.keys()))
+            )
+        return encoding
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_codepage_char_list(encoding):
+        """Get codepage character list
+
+        Gets characters 128-255 for a given code page, as an array.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the CodePage list
+        """
+        codepage = CodePages.get_encoding(encoding)
+        if "data" in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = list("".join(codepage["data"]))
+            assert len(encodable_chars) == 128
+            return encodable_chars
+        elif "python_encode" in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = [" "] * 128
+            for i in range(0, 128):
+                codepoint = i + 128
+                try:
+                    encodable_chars[i] = bytes([codepoint]).decode(
+                        codepage["python_encode"]
+                    )
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # Non-encodable character, just skip it
+                    pass
+            return encodable_chars
+        raise LookupError("Can't find a known encoding for {}".format(encoding))
+
+    def _get_codepage_char_map(self, encoding):
+        """Get codepage character map
+
+        Process an encoding and return a map of UTF-characters to code points
+        in this encoding.
+
+        This is generated once only, and returned from a cache.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
+        """
+        # Skip things that were loaded previously
+        if encoding in self.available_characters:
+            return self.available_characters[encoding]
+        codepage_char_list = self._get_codepage_char_list(encoding)
+        codepage_char_map = dict(
+            (utf8, i + 128) for (i, utf8) in enumerate(codepage_char_list)
+        )
+        self.available_characters[encoding] = codepage_char_map
+        return codepage_char_map
+
+    def can_encode(self, encoding, char):
+        """Determine if a character is encodeable in the given code page.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
+        :param char: The character to attempt to encode.
+        """
+        available_map = {}
+        try:
+            available_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
+        except LookupError:
+            return False
+
+        # Decide whether this character is encodeable in this code page
+        is_ascii = ord(char) < 128
+        is_encodable = char in available_map
+        return is_ascii or is_encodable
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_char(char, charmap, defaultchar):
+        """Encode a single character with the given encoding map
+
+        :param char: char to encode
+        :param charmap: dictionary for mapping characters in this code page
+        """
+        if ord(char) < 128:
+            return ord(char)
+        if char in charmap:
+            return charmap[char]
+        return ord(defaultchar)
+
+    def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar="?"):
+        """Encode text under the given encoding
+
+        :param text: Text to encode
+        :param encoding: Encoding name to use (must be defined in capabilities)
+        :param defaultchar: Fallback for non-encodable characters
+        """
+        codepage_char_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
+        output_bytes = bytes(
+            [self._encode_char(char, codepage_char_map, defaultchar) for char in text]
+        )
+        return output_bytes
+
+    def __encoding_sort_func(self, item):
+        key, index = item
+        return (key in self.used_encodings, index)
+
+    def find_suitable_encoding(self, char):
+        """The order of our search is a specific one:
+
+        1. code pages that we already tried before; there is a good
+           chance they might work again, reducing the search space,
+           and by re-using already used encodings we might also
+           reduce the number of codepage change instructiosn we have
+           to send. Still, any performance gains will presumably be
+           fairly minor.
+
+        2. code pages in lower ESCPOS slots first. Presumably, they
+           are more likely to be supported, so if a printer profile
+           is missing or incomplete, we might increase our change
+           that the code page we pick for this character is actually
+           supported.
+        """
+        sorted_encodings = sorted(self.codepages.items(), key=self.__encoding_sort_func)
+
+        for encoding, _ in sorted_encodings:
+            if self.can_encode(encoding, char):
+                # This encoding worked; at it to the set of used ones.
+                self.used_encodings.add(encoding)
+                return encoding
+
+
+def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
+    """Splits off as many characters from the beginning of text as
+    are writable with "encoding". Returns a 2-tuple (writable, rest).
+    """
+    if not encoding:
+        return None, text
+
+    for idx, char in enumerate(text):
+        if encoder.can_encode(encoding, char):
+            continue
+        return text[:idx], text[idx:]
+
+    return text, None
+
+
+class MagicEncode(object):
+    """A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
+    code page to encode any given Unicode character.
+
+    This will consider the printers supported codepages, according
+    to the printer profile, and if a character cannot be encoded
+    with the current profile, it will attempt to find a suitable one.
+
+    If the printer does not support a suitable code page, it can
+    insert an error character.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False, defaultsymbol="?", encoder=None
+    ):
+        """
+
+        :param driver:
+        :param encoding: If you know the current encoding of the printer
+        when initializing this class, set it here. If the current
+        encoding is unknown, the first character emitted will be a
+        codepage switch.
+        :param disabled:
+        :param defaultsymbol:
+        :param encoder:
+        """
+        if disabled and not encoding:
+            raise Error("If you disable magic encode, you need to define an encoding!")
+
+        self.driver = driver
+        self.encoder = encoder or Encoder(driver.profile.get_code_pages())
+
+        self.encoding = self.encoder.get_encoding_name(encoding) if encoding else None
+        self.defaultsymbol = defaultsymbol
+        self.disabled = disabled
+
+    def force_encoding(self, encoding):
+        """Sets a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
+
+        From now one, this buffer will switch the code page anymore.
+        However, it will still keep track of the current code page.
+        """
+        if not encoding:
+            self.disabled = False
+        else:
+            self.write_with_encoding(encoding, None)
+            self.disabled = True
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        """Write the text, automatically switching encodings."""
+
+        if self.disabled:
+            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, text)
+            return
+
+        if re.findall(r"[\u4e00-\u9fa5]", text):
+            self.driver._raw(text.encode("GB18030"))
+            return
+
+        # See how far we can go into the text with the current encoding
+        to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, self.encoding)
+        if to_write:
+            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, to_write)
+
+        while text:
+            # See if any of the code pages that the printer profile
+            # supports can encode this character.
+            encoding = self.encoder.find_suitable_encoding(text[0])
+            if not encoding:
+                self._handle_character_failed(text[0])
+                text = text[1:]
+                continue
+
+            # Write as much text as possible with the encoding found.
+            to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, encoding)
+            if to_write:
+                self.write_with_encoding(encoding, to_write)
+
+    def _handle_character_failed(self, char):
+        """Called when no codepage was found to render a character."""
+        # Writing the default symbol via write() allows us to avoid
+        # unnecesary codepage switches.
+        self.write(self.defaultsymbol)
+
+    def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
+        if text is not None and type(text) is not six.text_type:
+            raise Error(
+                "The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.".format(
+                    type=type(text)
+                )
+            )
+
+        # We always know the current code page; if the new codepage
+        # is different, emit a change command.
+        if encoding != self.encoding:
+            self.encoding = encoding
+            self.driver._raw(
+                CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding))
+            )
+
+        if text:
+            self.driver._raw(self.encoder.encode(text, encoding))

src/escpos/printer.py

@@ -4,23 +4,40 @@
 
 :author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
 :organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import os
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+import serial
 import usb.core
 import usb.util
-import serial
-import socket
 
 from .escpos import Escpos
 from .exceptions import USBNotFoundError
 
+_WIN32PRINT = False
+try:
+    import win32print
+
+    _WIN32PRINT = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+_CUPSPRINT = False
+try:
+    import cups
+    import tempfile
+
+    _CUPSPRINT = True
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
 
 class Usb(Escpos):
     """USB printer
@@ -34,28 +51,54 @@ class Usb(Escpos):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, timeout=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        idVendor,
+        idProduct,
+        usb_args=None,
+        timeout=0,
+        in_ep=0x82,
+        out_ep=0x01,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs
+    ):  # noqa: N803
         """
         :param idVendor: Vendor ID
         :param idProduct: Product ID
+        :param usb_args: Optional USB arguments (e.g. custom_match)
         :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
         :param in_ep: Input end point
         :param out_ep: Output end point
         """
         Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.idVendor = idVendor
-        self.idProduct = idProduct
         self.timeout = timeout
         self.in_ep = in_ep
         self.out_ep = out_ep
-        self.open()
 
-    def open(self):
-        """ Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device """
-        self.device = usb.core.find(idVendor=self.idVendor, idProduct=self.idProduct)
+        usb_args = usb_args or {}
+        if idVendor:
+            usb_args["idVendor"] = idVendor
+        if idProduct:
+            usb_args["idProduct"] = idProduct
+        self.open(usb_args)
+
+    def open(self, usb_args):
+        """Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device.
+
+        :param usb_args: USB arguments
+        """
+        self.device = usb.core.find(**usb_args)
         if self.device is None:
             raise USBNotFoundError("Device not found or cable not plugged in.")
 
+        self.idVendor = self.device.idVendor
+        self.idProduct = self.device.idProduct
+
+        # pyusb has three backends: libusb0, libusb1 and openusb but
+        # only libusb1 backend implements the methods is_kernel_driver_active()
+        # and detach_kernel_driver().
+        # This helps enable this library to work on Windows.
+        if self.device.backend.__module__.endswith("libusb1"):
             check_driver = None
 
             try:
@@ -66,6 +109,8 @@ class Usb(Escpos):
             if check_driver is None or check_driver:
                 try:
                     self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
+                except NotImplementedError:
+                    pass
                 except usb.core.USBError as e:
                     if check_driver is not None:
                         print("Could not detatch kernel driver: {0}".format(str(e)))
@@ -84,6 +129,10 @@ class Usb(Escpos):
         """
         self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
 
+    def _read(self):
+        """Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller."""
+        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
+
     def close(self):
         """Release USB interface"""
         if self.device:
@@ -103,9 +152,19 @@ class Serial(Escpos):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/ttyS0", baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, timeout=1,
-                 parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
-                 xonxoff=False, dsrdtr=True, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        devfile="/dev/ttyS0",
+        baudrate=9600,
+        bytesize=8,
+        timeout=1,
+        parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
+        stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
+        xonxoff=False,
+        dsrdtr=True,
+        *args,
+        **kwargs
+    ):
         """
 
         :param devfile:  Device file under dev filesystem
@@ -131,10 +190,18 @@ class Serial(Escpos):
 
     def open(self):
         """Setup serial port and set is as escpos device"""
-        self.device = serial.Serial(port=self.devfile, baudrate=self.baudrate,
-                                    bytesize=self.bytesize, parity=self.parity,
-                                    stopbits=self.stopbits, timeout=self.timeout,
-                                    xonxoff=self.xonxoff, dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr)
+        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
+            self.close()
+        self.device = serial.Serial(
+            port=self.devfile,
+            baudrate=self.baudrate,
+            bytesize=self.bytesize,
+            parity=self.parity,
+            stopbits=self.stopbits,
+            timeout=self.timeout,
+            xonxoff=self.xonxoff,
+            dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr,
+        )
 
         if self.device is not None:
             print("Serial printer enabled")
@@ -149,9 +216,13 @@ class Serial(Escpos):
         """
         self.device.write(msg)
 
+    def _read(self):
+        """Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller."""
+        return self.device.read(16)
+
     def close(self):
         """Close Serial interface"""
-        if self.device is not None:
+        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
             self.device.flush()
             self.device.close()
 
@@ -209,9 +280,18 @@ class Network(Escpos):
         """
         self.device.sendall(msg)
 
+    def _read(self):
+        """Read data from the TCP socket"""
+
+        return self.device.recv(16)
+
     def close(self):
         """Close TCP connection"""
+        if self.device is not None:
+            try:
                 self.device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+            except socket.error:
+                pass
             self.device.close()
 
 
@@ -229,13 +309,15 @@ class File(Escpos):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0", auto_flush=True, *args, **kwargs):
         """
 
         :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
+        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
         """
         Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
         self.devfile = devfile
+        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
         self.open()
 
     def open(self):
@@ -256,9 +338,12 @@ class File(Escpos):
         :type msg: bytes
         """
         self.device.write(msg)
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
 
     def close(self):
         """Close system file"""
+        if self.device is not None:
             self.device.flush()
             self.device.close()
 
@@ -278,8 +363,7 @@ class Dummy(Escpos):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        """
+        """ """
         Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
         self._output_list = []
 
@@ -294,7 +378,225 @@ class Dummy(Escpos):
     @property
     def output(self):
         """Get the data that was sent to this printer"""
-        return b''.join(self._output_list)
+        return b"".join(self._output_list)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Clear the buffer of the printer
+
+        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
+        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
+        """
+        del self._output_list[:]
 
     def close(self):
         pass
+
+
+if _WIN32PRINT:
+
+    class Win32Raw(Escpos):
+        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
+            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            if printer_name is not None:
+                self.printer_name = printer_name
+            else:
+                self.printer_name = win32print.GetDefaultPrinter()
+            self.hPrinter = None
+            self.open()
+
+        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
+            if self.printer_name is None:
+                raise Exception("Printer not found")
+            self.hPrinter = win32print.OpenPrinter(self.printer_name)
+            self.current_job = win32print.StartDocPrinter(
+                self.hPrinter, 1, (job_name, None, "RAW")
+            )
+            win32print.StartPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
+
+        def close(self):
+            if not self.hPrinter:
+                return
+            win32print.EndPagePrinter(self.hPrinter)
+            win32print.EndDocPrinter(self.hPrinter)
+            win32print.ClosePrinter(self.hPrinter)
+            self.hPrinter = None
+
+        def _raw(self, msg):
+            """Print any command sent in raw format
+
+            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+            :type msg: bytes
+            """
+            if self.printer_name is None:
+                raise Exception("Printer not found")
+            if self.hPrinter is None:
+                raise Exception("Printer job not opened")
+            win32print.WritePrinter(self.hPrinter, msg)
+
+
+if _CUPSPRINT:
+
+    class CupsPrinter(Escpos):
+        """Simple CUPS printer connector.
+
+        .. note::
+                Requires _pycups_ which in turn needs the cups development library package:
+                - Ubuntu/Debian: _libcups2-dev_
+                - OpenSuse/Fedora: _cups-devel_
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, printer_name=None, *args, **kwargs):
+            """CupsPrinter class constructor.
+
+            :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+            :type printer_name: str
+            :param host: CUPS server host/ip (Optional)
+            :type host: str
+            :param port: CUPS server port (Optional)
+            :type port: int
+            """
+            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            host, port = args or (
+                kwargs.get("host", cups.getServer()),
+                kwargs.get("port", cups.getPort()),
+            )
+            cups.setServer(host)
+            cups.setPort(port)
+            self.conn = cups.Connection()
+            self.tmpfile = None
+            self.printer_name = printer_name
+            self.job_name = ""
+            self.pending_job = False
+            self.open()
+
+        @property
+        def printers(self):
+            """Available CUPS printers."""
+            return self.conn.getPrinters()
+
+        def open(self, job_name="python-escpos"):
+            """Setup a new print job and target printer.
+
+            A call to this method is required to send new jobs to
+            the same CUPS connection.
+
+            Defaults to default CUPS printer.
+            Creates a new temporary file buffer.
+            """
+            self.job_name = job_name
+            if self.printer_name not in self.printers:
+                self.printer_name = self.conn.getDefault()
+            self.tmpfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=True)
+
+        def _raw(self, msg):
+            """Append any command sent in raw format to temporary file
+
+            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+            :type msg: bytes
+            """
+            self.pending_job = True
+            try:
+                self.tmpfile.write(msg)
+            except ValueError:
+                self.pending_job = False
+                raise ValueError("Printer job not opened")
+
+        def send(self):
+            """Send the print job to the printer."""
+            if self.pending_job:
+                # Rewind tempfile
+                self.tmpfile.seek(0)
+                # Print temporary file via CUPS printer.
+                self.conn.printFile(
+                    self.printer_name,
+                    self.tmpfile.name,
+                    self.job_name,
+                    {"document-format": cups.CUPS_FORMAT_RAW},
+                )
+            self._clear()
+
+        def _clear(self):
+            """Finish the print job.
+
+            Remove temporary file.
+            """
+            self.tmpfile.close()
+            self.pending_job = False
+
+        def _read(self):
+            """Return a single-item array with the accepting state of the print queue.
+
+            states: idle = [3], printing a job = [4], stopped = [5]
+            """
+            printer = self.printers.get(self.printer_name, {})
+            state = printer.get("printer-state")
+            if not state:
+                return []
+            return [state]
+
+        def close(self):
+            """Close CUPS connection.
+
+            Send pending job to the printer if needed.
+            """
+            if self.pending_job:
+                self.send()
+            if self.conn:
+                print("Closing CUPS connection to printer {}".format(self.printer_name))
+                self.conn = None
+
+
+if not sys.platform.startswith("win"):
+
+    class LP(Escpos):
+        """Simple UNIX lp command raw printing.
+
+        Thanks to `Oyami-Srk comment <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/pull/348#issuecomment-549558316>`_.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, printer_name: str, *args, **kwargs):
+            """LP class constructor.
+
+            :param printer_name: CUPS printer name (Optional)
+            :type printer_name: str
+            :param auto_flush: Automatic flush after every _raw() (Optional)
+            :type auto_flush: bool
+            """
+            Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            self.printer_name = printer_name
+            self.auto_flush = kwargs.get("auto_flush", True)
+            self.open()
+
+        def open(self):
+            """Invoke _lp_ in a new subprocess and wait for commands."""
+            self.lp = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["lp", "-d", self.printer_name, "-o", "raw"],
+                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                stdout=open(os.devnull, "w"),
+            )
+
+        def close(self):
+            """Stop the subprocess."""
+            self.lp.terminate()
+
+        def flush(self):
+            """End line and wait for new commands"""
+            if self.lp.stdin.writable():
+                self.lp.stdin.write(b"\n")
+            if self.lp.stdin.closed is False:
+                self.lp.stdin.close()
+            self.lp.wait()
+            self.open()
+
+        def _raw(self, msg):
+            """Write raw command(s) to the printer.
+
+            :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+            :type msg: bytes
+            """
+            if self.lp.stdin.writable():
+                self.lp.stdin.write(msg)
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Not a valid pipe for lp process")
+            if self.auto_flush:
+                self.flush()

test/Dies ist ein Test.LF.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Dies ist ein Test.

test/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import pytest
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def driver():
+    return Dummy()

test/test_abstract_base_class.py

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python
-"""verifies that the metaclass abc is properly used by Escpos
+"""verifies that the metaclass abc is properly used by ESC/POS
 
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from nose.tools import raises
 
@@ -20,7 +16,7 @@ from abc import ABCMeta
 
 @raises(TypeError)
 def test_abstract_base_class_raises():
-    """test whether the abstract base class raises an exception for Escpos"""
+    """test whether the abstract base class raises an exception for ESC/POS"""
     escpos.Escpos()  # This call should raise TypeError because of abstractmethod _raw()
 
 

test/test_cli.py

@@ -2,71 +2,61 @@
 
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import os
 import sys
 from scripttest import TestFileEnvironment
-from nose.tools import assert_equals
+from nose.tools import assert_equal, nottest
 import escpos
 
-TEST_DIR = os.path.abspath('test/test-cli-output')
+TEST_DIR = os.path.abspath("test/test-cli-output")
 
-DEVFILE_NAME = 'testfile'
+DEVFILE_NAME = "testfile"
 
 DEVFILE = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, DEVFILE_NAME)
-CONFIGFILE = 'testconfig.yaml'
-CONFIG_YAML = '''
+CONFIGFILE = "testconfig.yaml"
+CONFIG_YAML = """
 ---
 
 printer:
     type: file
     devfile: {testfile}
-'''.format(
+""".format(
     testfile=DEVFILE,
 )
 
 
-class TestCLI():
-    """ Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI
-    """
+class TestCLI:
+    """Contains setups, teardowns, and tests for CLI"""
 
-    def __init__(self):
-        """ Initalize the tests.
-        Just define some vars here since most of them get set during
-        setup_class and teardown_class
-        """
-        self.env = None
-        self.default_args = None
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def setup_class():
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
         """Create a config file to read from"""
-        with open(CONFIGFILE, 'w') as config:
+        with open(CONFIGFILE, "w") as config:
             config.write(CONFIG_YAML)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def teardown_class():
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
         """Remove config file"""
         os.remove(CONFIGFILE)
 
     def setup(self):
         """Create a file to print to and set up env"""
+        self.env = None
+        self.default_args = None
+
         self.env = TestFileEnvironment(
             base_path=TEST_DIR,
             cwd=os.getcwd(),
         )
 
         self.default_args = (
-            'python-escpos',
-            '-c',
+            "python-escpos",
+            "-c",
             CONFIGFILE,
         )
 
-        fhandle = open(DEVFILE, 'a')
+        fhandle = open(DEVFILE, "a")
         try:
             os.utime(DEVFILE, None)
         finally:
@@ -79,44 +69,41 @@ class TestCLI():
 
     def test_cli_help(self):
         """Test getting help from cli"""
-        result = self.env.run('python-escpos', '-h')
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "-h")
         assert not result.stderr
-        assert 'usage' in result.stdout
+        assert "usage" in result.stdout
 
     def test_cli_version(self):
         """Test the version string"""
-        result = self.env.run('python-escpos', 'version')
+        result = self.env.run("python-escpos", "version")
         assert not result.stderr
-        assert_equals(escpos.__version__, result.stdout.strip())
+        assert_equal(escpos.__version__, result.stdout.strip())
 
+    @nottest  # disable this test as it is not that easy anymore to predict the outcome of this call
     def test_cli_text(self):
         """Make sure text returns what we sent it"""
-        test_text = 'this is some text'
+        test_text = "this is some text"
         result = self.env.run(
-            *(self.default_args + (
-                'text',
-                '--txt',
+            *(
+                self.default_args
+                + (
+                    "text",
+                    "--txt",
                     test_text,
-            ))
+                )
+            )
         )
         assert not result.stderr
         assert DEVFILE_NAME in result.files_updated.keys()
-        assert_equals(
-            result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes,
-            test_text + '\n'
-        )
+        assert_equals(result.files_updated[DEVFILE_NAME].bytes, test_text + "\n")
 
     def test_cli_text_inavlid_args(self):
         """Test a failure to send valid arguments"""
         result = self.env.run(
-            *(self.default_args + (
-                'text',
-                '--invalid-param',
-                'some data'
-            )),
+            *(self.default_args + ("text", "--invalid-param", "some data")),
             expect_error=True,
             expect_stderr=True
         )
-        assert_equals(result.returncode, 2)
-        assert 'error:' in result.stderr
+        assert_equal(result.returncode, 2)
+        assert "error:" in result.stderr
         assert not result.files_updated

test/test_function_barcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.capabilities import Profile, BARCODE_B
+from escpos.exceptions import BarcodeTypeError, BarcodeCodeError
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data,expected",
+    [
+        (
+            "EAN13",
+            "4006381333931",
+            b"\x1ba\x01\x1dh@\x1dw\x03\x1df\x00\x1dH\x02\x1dk\x024006381333931\x00",
+        )
+    ],
+)
+def test_barcode(bctype, data, expected):
+    """should generate different barcode types correctly."""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.barcode(data, bctype)
+    assert instance.output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,supports_b",
+    [
+        ("invalid", True),
+        ("CODE128", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_lacks_support(bctype, supports_b):
+    """should raise an error if the barcode type is not supported."""
+    profile = Profile(features={BARCODE_B: supports_b})
+    instance = printer.Dummy(profile=profile)
+    with pytest.raises(BarcodeTypeError):
+        instance.barcode("test", bctype)
+
+    assert instance.output == b""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("EAN13", "AA"),
+        ("CODE128", "{D2354AA"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_code_check(bctype, data):
+    """should raise an error if the barcode code is invalid."""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(BarcodeCodeError):
+        instance.barcode(data, bctype)
+
+    assert instance.output == b""

test/test_function_cashdraw.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.exceptions import CashDrawerError
+import pytest
+
+
+def test_raise_CashDrawerError():
+    """should raise an error if the sequence is invalid."""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    with pytest.raises(CashDrawerError):
+        # call with sequence that is too long
+        instance.cashdraw([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])

test/test_function_check_barcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("UPC-A", "01234567890"),
+        ("UPC-A", "012345678905"),
+        ("UPC-E", "01234567"),
+        ("UPC-E", "0123456"),
+        ("UPC-E", "012345678905"),
+        ("EAN13", "0123456789012"),
+        ("EAN13", "012345678901"),
+        ("EAN8", "01234567"),
+        ("EAN8", "0123456"),
+        ("CODE39", "ABC-1234"),
+        ("CODE39", "ABC-1234-$$-+A"),
+        ("CODE39", "*WIKIPEDIA*"),
+        ("ITF", "010203040506070809"),
+        ("ITF", "11221133113344556677889900"),
+        ("CODABAR", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODABAR", "C11221133113344556677889900D"),
+        ("CODABAR", "D0D"),
+        ("NW7", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("NW7", "C11221133113344556677889900D"),
+        ("NW7", "D0D"),
+        ("CODE93", "A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODE93", "+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("CODE93", "D0D"),
+        ("CODE128", "{A2030405060B"),
+        ("CODE128", "{C+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("CODE128", "{B0D"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{A2030405060B"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{C+:$&23-7@$"),
+        ("GS1-128", "{B0D"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "0123456789123"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(9A{A20304+-%&06a0B"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(1 {C+:&23-7%"),
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(00000001234567678"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_check_valid_barcode(bctype, data):
+    assert printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "bctype,data",
+    [
+        ("UPC-A", "01234567890123"),  # too long
+        ("UPC-A", "0123456789"),  # too short
+        ("UPC-A", "72527273-711"),  # invalid '-'
+        ("UPC-A", "A12345678901"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("UPC-E", "01234567890123"),  # too long
+        ("UPC-E", "012345"),  # too short
+        ("UPC-E", "72527-2"),  # invalid '-'
+        ("UPC-E", "A123456"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN13", "0123456789"),  # too short
+        ("EAN13", "A123456789012"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN13", "012345678901234"),  # too long
+        ("EAN8", "012345"),  # too short
+        ("EAN8", "A123456789012"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("EAN8", "012345678901234"),  # too long
+        ("CODE39", "ALKJ_34"),  # invalid '_'
+        ("CODE39", "A" * 256),  # too long
+        ("ITF", "010203040"),  # odd length
+        ("ITF", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("ITF", "AB01"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("CODABAR", "010203040"),  # no start/stop
+        ("CODABAR", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("CODABAR", "AB-01F"),  # invalid 'B'
+        ("NW7", "010203040"),  # no start/stop
+        ("NW7", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("NW7", "AB-01F"),  # invalid 'B'
+        ("CODE93", "é010203040"),  # invalid 'é'
+        ("CODE93", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("CODE128", "010203040"),  # missing leading {
+        ("CODE128", "{D2354AA"),  # second char not between A-C
+        ("CODE128", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("GS1-128", "010203040"),  # missing leading {
+        ("GS1-128", "{D2354AA"),  # second char not between A-C
+        ("GS1-128", "0" * 256),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "01234567891234"),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "012345678912"),  # too short
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "012345678A1234"),  # invalid 'A'
+        ("GS1 DATABAR LIMITED", "02345678912341"),  # invalid start (should be 01)
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "010203040"),  # missing leading (
+        ("GS1-128", "(" + ("0" * 256)),  # too long
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "(a{D2354AA"),  # second char not between 0-9
+        ("GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED", "IT will fail"),  # first char not '('
+    ],
+)
+def test_check_invalid_barcode(bctype, data):
+    assert not printer.Escpos.check_barcode(bctype, data)

test/test_function_cut.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import six
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.constants import GS
+
+
+def test_cut_without_feed():
+    """Test cut without feeding paper"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.cut(feed=False)
+    expected = GS + b"V" + six.int2byte(66) + b"\x00"
+    assert instance.output == expected

test/test_function_dummy_clear.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from nose.tools import assert_raises
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+
+def test_printer_dummy_clear():
+    printer = Dummy()
+    printer.text("Hello")
+    printer.clear()
+    assert printer.output == b""

test/test_function_image.py

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import pytest
+
+from PIL import Image
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
-from PIL import Image
+from escpos.exceptions import ImageWidthError
 
 
 # Raster format print
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ def test_bit_image_black():
     Test printing solid black bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80"
     # Same thing w/ object created on the fly, rather than a filename
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     im = Image.new("RGB", (1, 1), (0, 0, 0))
     instance.image(im, impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_white():
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ def test_bit_image_white():
     Test printing solid white bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_both():
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ def test_bit_image_both():
     Test printing black/white bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_transparent():
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ def test_bit_image_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (raster)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="bitImageRaster")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="bitImageRaster")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00"
 
 
 # Column format print
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_black():
     Test printing solid black bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_white():
     Test printing solid white bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
@@ -82,8 +82,10 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_both():
     Test printing black/white bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert (
+        instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
+    )
 
 
 def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
@@ -91,8 +93,10 @@ def test_bit_image_colfmt_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent bit image (column format)
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="bitImageColumn")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="bitImageColumn")
+    assert (
+        instance.output == b"\x1b3\x10\x1b*!\x02\x00\x80\x00\x00\x80\x00\x00\x0a\x1b2"
+    )
 
 
 # Graphics print
@@ -101,8 +105,11 @@ def test_graphics_black():
     Test printing solid black graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_black.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_black.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x80\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_white():
@@ -110,8 +117,11 @@ def test_graphics_white():
     Test printing solid white graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/canvas_white.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/canvas_white.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0b\x000p0\x01\x011\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_both():
@@ -119,8 +129,11 @@ def test_graphics_both():
     Test printing black/white graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_white.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_white.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
 
 
 def test_graphics_transparent():
@@ -128,5 +141,50 @@ def test_graphics_transparent():
     Test printing black/transparent graphics
     """
     instance = printer.Dummy()
-    instance.image('test/resources/black_transparent.png', impl="graphics")
-    assert(instance.output == b'\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002')
+    instance.image("test/resources/black_transparent.png", impl="graphics")
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1d(L\x0c\x000p0\x01\x011\x02\x00\x02\x00\xc0\x00\x1d(L\x02\x0002"
+    )
+
+
+def test_large_graphics():
+    """
+    Test whether 'large' graphics that induce a fragmentation are handled correctly.
+    """
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.image(
+        "test/resources/black_white.png", impl="bitImageRaster", fragment_height=1
+    )
+    assert (
+        instance.output
+        == b"\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\xc0\x1dv0\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def dummy_with_width():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.profile.profile_data = {"media": {"width": {"pixels": 384}}}
+    return instance
+
+
+def test_width_too_large(dummy_with_width):
+    """
+    Test printing an image that is too large in width.
+    """
+    instance = dummy_with_width
+
+    with pytest.raises(ImageWidthError):
+        instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (385, 200)))
+
+    instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (384, 200)))
+
+
+def test_center_image(dummy_with_width):
+    instance = dummy_with_width
+
+    with pytest.raises(ImageWidthError):
+        instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (385, 200)), center=True)
+
+    instance.image(Image.new("RGB", (384, 200)), center=True)

test/test_function_linedisplay.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""tests for line display
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+
+
+def test_function_linedisplay_select_on():
+    """test the linedisplay_select function (activate)"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x02"
+
+
+def test_function_linedisplay_select_off():
+    """test the linedisplay_select function (deactivate)"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x3D\x01"
+
+
+def test_function_linedisplay_clear():
+    """test the linedisplay_clear function"""
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.linedisplay_clear()
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x40"

test/test_function_panel_button.py

@@ -4,51 +4,22 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from nose.tools import with_setup
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
-import os
-
-devfile = 'testfile'
 
 
-def setup_testfile():
-    """create a testfile as devfile"""
-    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
-    try:
-        os.utime(devfile, None)
-    finally:
-        fhandle.close()
-
-
-def teardown_testfile():
-    """destroy testfile again"""
-    os.remove(devfile)
-
-
-@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_function_panel_button_on():
     """test the panel button function (enabling) by comparing output"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons()
-    instance.flush()
-    with open(devfile, "rb") as f:
-        assert(f.read() == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x00')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x63\x35\x00"
 
 
-@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_function_panel_button_off():
     """test the panel button function (disabling) by comparing output"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.panel_buttons(False)
-    instance.flush()
-    with open(devfile, "rb") as f:
-        assert(f.read() == b'\x1B\x63\x35\x01')
+    assert instance.output == b"\x1B\x63\x35\x01"

test/test_function_qr_native.py

@@ -4,15 +4,13 @@
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 from nose.tools import raises
+import pytest
+
 import escpos.printer as printer
 from escpos.constants import QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_MODEL_1
 
@@ -21,43 +19,51 @@ def test_defaults():
     """Test QR code with defaults"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 def test_empty():
     """Test QR printing blank code"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("", native=True)
-    assert(instance.output == b'')
+    assert instance.output == b""
 
 
 def test_ec():
     """Test QR error correction setting"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_H)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E3\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E3\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 def test_size():
     """Test QR box size"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, size=7)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x07\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A2\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x07\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 def test_model():
     """Test QR model"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, model=QR_MODEL_1)
-    expected = b'\x1d(k\x04\x001A1\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d' \
-        b'(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1d(k\x04\x001A1\x00\x1d(k\x03\x001C\x03\x1d(k\x03\x001E0\x1d"
+        b"(k\x07\x001P01234\x1d(k\x03\x001Q0"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 @raises(ValueError)
@@ -81,15 +87,20 @@ def test_invalid_model():
     instance.qr("1234", native=True, model="Hello")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skip("this test has to be debugged")
 def test_image():
     """Test QR as image"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1", native=False, size=1)
     print(instance.output)
-    expected = b'\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et' \
-        b']ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00' \
-        b'i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]\'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00'
-    assert(instance.output == expected)
+    expected = (
+        b"\x1bt\x00\n"
+        b"\x1dv0\x00\x03\x00\x17\x00\x00\x00\x00\x7f]\xfcA\x19\x04]it]et"
+        b"]ItA=\x04\x7fU\xfc\x00\x0c\x00y~t4\x7f =\xa84j\xd9\xf0\x05\xd4\x90\x00"
+        b"i(\x7f<\xa8A \xd8]'\xc4]y\xf8]E\x80Ar\x94\x7fR@\x00\x00\x00"
+        b"\n\n"
+    )
+    assert instance.output == expected
 
 
 @raises(ValueError)
@@ -97,3 +108,13 @@ def test_image_invalid_model():
     """Test unsupported QR model as image"""
     instance = printer.Dummy()
     instance.qr("1234", native=False, model=QR_MODEL_1)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return printer.Dummy()
+
+
+def test_center_not_implementer(instance):
+    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+        instance.qr("test", center=True, native=True)

test/test_function_qr_non-native.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""tests for the non-native part of qr()
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import pytest
+import mock
+
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+from PIL import Image
+
+
+@mock.patch("escpos.printer.Dummy.image", spec=Dummy)
+def test_type_of_object_passed_to_image_function(img_function):
+    """
+    Test the type of object that is passed to the image function during non-native qr-printing.
+
+    The type should be PIL.Image
+    """
+    d = Dummy()
+    d.qr("LoremIpsum")
+    args, kwargs = img_function.call_args
+    assert isinstance(args[0], Image.Image)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return Dummy()
+
+
+def test_center(instance):
+    instance.qr("LoremIpsum", center=True)

test/test_function_set.py

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+import six
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+from escpos.constants import TXT_NORMAL, TXT_STYLE, SET_FONT
+from escpos.constants import TXT_SIZE
+
+
+# Default test, please copy and paste this block to test set method calls
+
+
+def test_default_values():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set()
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Size tests
+
+
+def test_set_size_2h():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(double_height=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2h"],  # Double height text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2w():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(double_width=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2w"],  # Double width text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_2x():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(double_height=True, double_width=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["2x"],  # Double text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_size_custom():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(custom_size=True, width=8, height=7)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_SIZE,  # Custom text size, no normal reset
+        six.int2byte(TXT_STYLE["width"][8] + TXT_STYLE["height"][7]),
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Flip
+
+
+def test_set_flip():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(flip=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][True],  # Flip ON
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Smooth
+
+
+def test_smooth():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(smooth=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][True],  # Smooth ON
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Type
+
+
+def test_set_bold():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(bold=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][True],  # Bold ON
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_underline():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(underline=1)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][1],  # Underline ON, type 1
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_set_underline2():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(underline=2)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][2],  # Underline ON, type 2
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Align
+
+
+def test_align_center():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(align="center")
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["center"],  # Align center
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+def test_align_right():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(align="right")
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["right"],  # Align right
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Densities
+
+
+def test_densities():
+    for density in range(8):
+        instance = printer.Dummy()
+        instance.set(density=density)
+
+        expected_sequence = (
+            TXT_NORMAL,
+            TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+            TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+            TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+            SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+            TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+            TXT_STYLE["density"][density],  # Custom density from 0 to 8
+            TXT_STYLE["invert"][False],  # Inverted OFF
+        )
+
+        assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)
+
+
+# Invert
+
+
+def test_invert():
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.set(invert=True)
+
+    expected_sequence = (
+        TXT_NORMAL,
+        TXT_STYLE["size"]["normal"],  # Normal text size
+        TXT_STYLE["flip"][False],  # Flip OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["smooth"][False],  # Smooth OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["bold"][False],  # Bold OFF
+        TXT_STYLE["underline"][0],  # Underline OFF
+        SET_FONT(b"\x00"),  # Default font
+        TXT_STYLE["align"]["left"],  # Align left
+        TXT_STYLE["invert"][True],  # Inverted ON
+    )
+
+    assert instance.output == b"".join(expected_sequence)

test/test_function_softbarcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+import barcode.errors
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    return printer.Dummy()
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_invalid(instance):
+    """test with an invalid barcode"""
+    with pytest.raises(barcode.errors.BarcodeError):
+        instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234")
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8(instance):
+    """test with a valid ean8 barcode"""
+    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234567")
+
+
+def test_soft_barcode_ean8_nocenter(instance):
+    instance.soft_barcode("ean8", "1234567", center=False)

test/test_function_text.py

@@ -4,42 +4,59 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-from nose.tools import with_setup
-
-import escpos.printer as printer
-import os
-
-import filecmp
-
-devfile = 'testfile'
+import pytest
+import mock
+from hypothesis import given, assume
+import hypothesis.strategies as st
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
 
 
-def setup_testfile():
-    """create a testfile as devfile"""
-    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
-    try:
-        os.utime(devfile, None)
-    finally:
-        fhandle.close()
+def get_printer():
+    return Dummy(magic_encode_args={"disabled": True, "encoding": "CP437"})
 
 
-def teardown_testfile():
-    """destroy testfile again"""
-    os.remove(devfile)
+@given(text=st.text())
+def test_text(text):
+    """Test that text() calls the MagicEncode object."""
+    instance = get_printer()
+    instance.magic.write = mock.Mock()
+    instance.text(text)
+    instance.magic.write.assert_called_with(text)
 
 
-@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
-def test_function_text_dies_ist_ein_test_lf():
-    """test the text printing function with simple string and compare output"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
-    instance.text('Dies ist ein Test.\n')
-    instance.flush()
-    assert(filecmp.cmp('test/Dies ist ein Test.LF.txt', devfile))
+def test_block_text():
+    printer = get_printer()
+    printer.block_text(
+        "All the presidents men were eating falafel for breakfast.", font="a"
+    )
+    assert (
+        printer.output == b"All the presidents men were eating falafel\nfor breakfast."
+    )
+
+
+def test_textln():
+    printer = get_printer()
+    printer.textln("hello, world")
+    assert printer.output == b"hello, world\n"
+
+
+def test_textln_empty():
+    printer = get_printer()
+    printer.textln()
+    assert printer.output == b"\n"
+
+
+def test_ln():
+    printer = get_printer()
+    printer.ln()
+    assert printer.output == b"\n"
+
+
+def test_multiple_ln():
+    printer = get_printer()
+    printer.ln(3)
+    assert printer.output == b"\n\n\n"

test/test_functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from nose.tools import assert_raises
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+
+def test_line_spacing_code_gen():
+    printer = Dummy()
+    printer.line_spacing(10)
+    assert printer.output == b"\x1b3\n"
+
+
+def test_line_spacing_rest():
+    printer = Dummy()
+    printer.line_spacing()
+    assert printer.output == b"\x1b2"
+
+
+def test_line_spacing_error_handling():
+    printer = Dummy()
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        printer.line_spacing(99, divisor=44)
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        printer.line_spacing(divisor=80, spacing=86)
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        printer.line_spacing(divisor=360, spacing=256)
+    with assert_raises(ValueError):
+        printer.line_spacing(divisor=180, spacing=256)

test/test_image.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ converted to ESC/POS column & raster formats.
 :author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
 from escpos.image import EscposImage
@@ -15,43 +15,67 @@ def test_image_black():
     """
     Test rendering solid black image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('canvas_black.' + img_format, 1, 1, b'\x80', [b'\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img("canvas_black." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x80", [b"\x80"])
 
 
 def test_image_black_transparent():
     """
     Test rendering black/transparent image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('black_transparent.' + img_format, 2, 2, b'\xc0\x00', [b'\x80\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img(
+            "black_transparent." + img_format, 2, 2, b"\xc0\x00", [b"\x80\x80"]
+        )
 
 
 def test_image_black_white():
     """
     Test rendering black/white image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('black_white.' + img_format, 2, 2, b'\xc0\x00', [b'\x80\x80'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img(
+            "black_white." + img_format, 2, 2, b"\xc0\x00", [b"\x80\x80"]
+        )
 
 
 def test_image_white():
     """
     Test rendering solid white image
     """
-    for img_format in ['png', 'jpg', 'gif']:
-        _load_and_check_img('canvas_white.' + img_format, 1, 1, b'\x00', [b'\x00'])
+    for img_format in ["png", "jpg", "gif"]:
+        _load_and_check_img("canvas_white." + img_format, 1, 1, b"\x00", [b"\x00"])
 
 
-def _load_and_check_img(filename, width_expected, height_expected, raster_format_expected, column_format_expected):
+def test_split():
+    """
+    test whether the split-function works as expected
+    """
+    im = EscposImage("test/resources/black_white.png")
+    (upper_part, lower_part) = im.split(1)
+    upper_part = EscposImage(upper_part)
+    lower_part = EscposImage(lower_part)
+    assert upper_part.width == lower_part.width == 2
+    assert upper_part.height == lower_part.height == 1
+    assert upper_part.to_raster_format() == b"\xc0"
+    assert lower_part.to_raster_format() == b"\x00"
+
+
+def _load_and_check_img(
+    filename,
+    width_expected,
+    height_expected,
+    raster_format_expected,
+    column_format_expected,
+):
     """
     Load an image, and test whether raster & column formatted output, sizes, etc match expectations.
     """
-    im = EscposImage('test/resources/' + filename)
-    assert(im.width == width_expected)
-    assert(im.height == height_expected)
-    assert(im.to_raster_format() == raster_format_expected)
+    im = EscposImage("test/resources/" + filename)
+    assert im.width == width_expected
+    assert im.height == height_expected
+    assert im.to_raster_format() == raster_format_expected
     i = 0
     for row in im.to_column_format(False):
-        assert(row == column_format_expected[i])
+        assert row == column_format_expected[i]
         i += 1

test/test_load_module.py

@@ -4,38 +4,14 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
-from nose.tools import with_setup
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
-import os
-
-devfile = 'testfile'
 
 
-def setup_testfile():
-    """create a testfile as devfile"""
-    fhandle = open(devfile, 'a')
-    try:
-        os.utime(devfile, None)
-    finally:
-        fhandle.close()
-
-
-def teardown_testfile():
-    """destroy testfile again"""
-    os.remove(devfile)
-
-
-@with_setup(setup_testfile, teardown_testfile)
 def test_instantiation():
     """test the instantiation of a escpos-printer class and basic printing"""
-    instance = printer.File(devfile=devfile)
-    instance.text('This is a test\n')
+    instance = printer.Dummy()
+    instance.text("This is a test\n")

test/test_magicencode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""tests for the magic encode module
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import pytest
+from nose.tools import raises, assert_raises
+from hypothesis import given, example
+import hypothesis.strategies as st
+from escpos.magicencode import MagicEncode, Encoder
+from escpos.katakana import encode_katakana
+from escpos.exceptions import CharCodeError, Error
+
+
+class TestEncoder:
+    """
+    Tests the single encoders.
+    """
+
+    def test_can_encode(self):
+        assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "€")
+        assert Encoder({"CP437": 1}).can_encode("CP437", "á")
+        assert not Encoder({"foobar": 1}).can_encode("foobar", "a")
+
+    def test_find_suitable_encoding(self):
+        assert not Encoder({"CP437": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€")
+        assert Encoder({"CP858": 1}).find_suitable_encoding("€") == "CP858"
+
+    @raises(ValueError)
+    def test_get_encoding(self):
+        Encoder({}).get_encoding_name("latin1")
+
+
+class TestMagicEncode:
+    """
+    Tests the magic encode functionality.
+    """
+
+    class TestInit:
+        """
+        Test initialization.
+        """
+
+        def test_disabled_requires_encoding(self, driver):
+            """
+            Test that disabled without encoder raises an error.
+
+            :param driver:
+            """
+            with pytest.raises(Error):
+                MagicEncode(driver, disabled=True)
+
+    class TestWriteWithEncoding:
+        def test_init_from_none(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding=None)
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
+
+        def test_change_from_another(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437")
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x13\xd5 ist teuro."
+
+        def test_no_change(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP858")
+            encode.write_with_encoding("CP858", "€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\xd5 ist teuro."
+
+    class TestWrite:
+        def test_write(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver)
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x0f\xa4 ist teuro."
+
+        def test_write_disabled(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver, encoding="CP437", disabled=True)
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"? ist teuro."
+
+        def test_write_no_codepage(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(
+                driver,
+                defaultsymbol="_",
+                encoder=Encoder({"CP437": 1}),
+                encoding="CP437",
+            )
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"_ ist teuro."
+
+    class TestForceEncoding:
+        def test(self, driver):
+            encode = MagicEncode(driver)
+            encode.force_encoding("CP437")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00"
+
+            encode.write("€ ist teuro.")
+            assert driver.output == b"\x1bt\x00? ist teuro."
+
+
+try:
+    import jaconv
+except ImportError:
+    jaconv = None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not jaconv, reason="jaconv not installed")
+class TestKatakana:
+    @given(st.text())
+    @example("カタカナ")
+    @example("あいうえお")
+    @example("ﾊﾝｶｸｶﾀｶﾅ")
+    def test_accept(self, text):
+        encode_katakana(text)
+
+    def test_result(self):
+        assert encode_katakana("カタカナ") == b"\xb6\xc0\xb6\xc5"
+        assert encode_katakana("あいうえお") == b"\xb1\xb2\xb3\xb4\xb5"

test/test_printer_file.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""tests for the File printer
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import six
+
+import pytest
+from hypothesis import given, settings
+from hypothesis.strategies import text
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+
+if six.PY3:
+    mock_open_call = "builtins.open"
+else:
+    mock_open_call = "__builtin__.open"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
+@given(path=text())
+def test_load_file_printer(mocker, path):
+    """test the loading of the file-printer"""
+    mock_escpos = mocker.patch("escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__")
+    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
+    printer.File(devfile=path)
+    assert mock_escpos.called
+    mock_open.assert_called_with(path, "wb")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
+@given(txt=text())
+def test_auto_flush(mocker, txt):
+    """test auto_flush in file-printer"""
+    mock_escpos = mocker.patch("escpos.escpos.Escpos.__init__")
+    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
+    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, "device")
+
+    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
+    # inject the mocked device-object
+    p.device = mock_device
+    p._raw(txt)
+    assert not mock_device.flush.called
+    mock_device.reset_mock()
+    p = printer.File(auto_flush=True)
+    # inject the mocked device-object
+    p.device = mock_device
+    p._raw(txt)
+    assert mock_device.flush.called
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip("this test is broken and has to be fixed or discarded")
+@given(txt=text())
+def test_flush_on_close(mocker, txt):
+    """test flush on close in file-printer"""
+    mock_open = mocker.patch(mock_open_call)
+    mock_device = mocker.patch.object(printer.File, "device")
+
+    p = printer.File(auto_flush=False)
+    # inject the mocked device-object
+    p.device = mock_device
+    p._raw(txt)
+    assert not mock_device.flush.called
+    p.close()
+    assert mock_device.flush.called
+    assert mock_device.close.called

test/test_printer_network.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import escpos.printer as printer
+import pytest
+import mock
+import socket
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def instance():
+    socket.socket.connect = mock.Mock()
+    return printer.Network("localhost")
+
+
+def test_close_without_open(instance):
+    """try to close without opening (should fail gracefully)
+
+    Currently we never open from our fixture, so calling close once
+    should be enough. In the future this might not be enough,
+    therefore we have to close twice in order to provoke an error
+    (if possible, this should not raise)
+    """
+    instance.close()
+    instance.close()

test/test_profile.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import pytest
+from escpos.capabilities import get_profile, NotSupported, BARCODE_B, Profile
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def profile():
+    return get_profile("default")
+
+
+class TestBaseProfile:
+    """Test the `BaseProfile` class."""
+
+    def test_get_font(self, profile):
+        with pytest.raises(NotSupported):
+            assert profile.get_font("3")
+        assert profile.get_font(1) == 1
+        assert profile.get_font("a") == 0
+
+    def test_supports(self, profile):
+        assert not profile.supports("asdf asdf")
+        assert profile.supports(BARCODE_B)
+
+    def test_get_columns(self, profile):
+        assert profile.get_columns("a") > 5
+        with pytest.raises(NotSupported):
+            assert profile.get_columns("asdfasdf")
+
+
+class TestCustomProfile:
+    """Test custom profile options with the `Profile` class."""
+
+    def test_columns(self):
+        assert Profile(columns=10).get_columns("sdfasdf") == 10
+
+    def test_features(self):
+        assert Profile(features={"foo": True}).supports("foo")

test/test_raise_arbitrary_error.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""test the raising of errors with the error module
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2017 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+
+import pytest
+import escpos
+import escpos.exceptions
+
+
+def test_raise_error_wrongly():
+    """raise error the wrong way
+
+    should reproduce https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/issues/257
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        raise escpos.Error("This should raise an AttributeError.")
+
+
+def tests_raise_error():
+    """raise error the right way"""
+    with pytest.raises(escpos.exceptions.Error):
+        raise escpos.exceptions.Error("This should raise an error.")

test/test_with_statement.py

@@ -4,13 +4,9 @@
 :author: `Patrick Kanzler <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>`_
 :organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
 :copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
-:license: GNU GPL v3
+:license: MIT
 """
 
-from __future__ import absolute_import
-from __future__ import division
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 import escpos.printer as printer
 import escpos.escpos as escpos
@@ -20,5 +16,5 @@ def test_with_statement():
     """Use with statement"""
     dummy_printer = printer.Dummy()
     with escpos.EscposIO(dummy_printer) as p:
-            p.writelines('Some text.\n')
+        p.writelines("Some text.\n")
     # TODO extend these tests as they don't really do anything at the moment