other minor problems

release v3.0a4

.coveragerc

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[run]
+branch = True

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<!--
+Please feel free to delete any sections that aren't relevant.
+-->
+
+<!-- mark with x between the [ ] -->
+I have:
+- [ ] searched open and closed issues for duplicates
+
+### Bug description
+
+### Steps to reproduce
+- add your steps here
+- as a list
+- using hyphens
+
+### Device info
+<!-- Replace examples with your info -->
+ **Printer:** Manufacturer Model XVI
+
+<!-- since version 2.0.1 you can type 'python-escpos version' in your shell.
+Alternatively you could use '__version__' in module escpos. -->
+ **python-escpos version:** 0.0.0
+
+ **python version:** 0.0
+
+ **operating system:**

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+### Contributor checklist
+<!-- mark with x between the brackets -->
+- [ ] I have read the CONTRIBUTING.rst
+- [ ] I have tested my contribution on these devices:
+ * e.g. Epson TM-T88II
+- [ ] My contribution is ready to be merged as is
+
+----------
+
+### Description

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# python temporary files
+*.pyc
+
+# editor autosaves, data and file browser files
+$~
+.idea/
+.directory
+.cache/
+
+# temporary data
+temp
+
+# packaging and testing
+.tox/
+*.egg-info/
+.eggs/
+*.egg
+build/
+dist/
+.coverage
+src/escpos/version.py
+.hypothesis
+.pytest_cache/
+
+# testing temporary directories
+test/test-cli-output/
+
+# vim swap files
+*.swp
+*.swn
+*.swo

.gitmodules

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[submodule "capabilities-data"]
+	path = capabilities-data
+	url = https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db.git
+	branch = master

.hgignore

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# python temporary files
-syntax: glob
-*.pyc
-
-# editor autosaves
-$~
-
-# temporary data
-syntax: regexp
-temp

.mailmap

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<dev@pkanzler.de>                                    <patrick.kanzler@fablab.fau.de>
+<manpaz@gmail.com>                                   <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
+Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@gmail.com>                 manpaz <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
+<emailofdavis@gmail.com>                             <davis.goglin@oregonicecream.com>
+Davis Goglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>                davisgoglin <emailofdavis@gmail.com>
+Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>    Michael <michael.billington@gmail.com>
+Cody (Quantified Code Bot) <cody@quantifiedcode.com> Cody <cody@quantifiedcode.com>
+Renato Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>        Renato.Lorenzi <renato.lorenzi@senior.com.br>
+Ahmed Tahri <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>                    TAHRI Ahmed <nyuubi.10@gmail.com>
+Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.com>           Michael Elsdörfer <michael@elsdoerfer.info>
+Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>            Juanmi Taboada <juanmi@juanmitaboada.com>
+csoft2k <csoft2k@hotmail.com>
+Sergio Pulgarin <sergio.pulgarin@gmail.com>
+reck31 <rakesh.gunduka@gmail.com>

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+language: python
+sudo: false
+cache: pip
+git:
+  depth: 100000
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages:
+      - graphviz
+env:
+  global:
+    - ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/home/travis/build/python-escpos/python-escpos/capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - python: 2.7
+      env: TOXENV=py27
+    - python: 3.4
+      env: TOXENV=py34
+    - python: 3.5
+      env: TOXENV=py35
+    - python: 3.6
+      env: TOXENV=py36
+    - python: 3.6-dev
+      env: TOXENV=py36
+    - python: 3.7-dev
+      env: TOXENV=py37
+    - python: nightly
+      env: TOXENV=py37
+    - python: pypy
+      env: TOXENV=pypy
+    - python: pypy3
+      env: TOXENV=pypy3
+    - python: 2.7
+      env: TOXENV=docs
+    - python: 2.7
+      env: TOXENV=flake8
+    - python: 3.6
+      env: TOXENV=flake8
+  allow_failures:
+    - python: 3.6-dev
+    - python: 3.7-dev
+    - python: nightly
+    - python: pypy3
+before_install:
+    - pip install tox codecov 'sphinx>=1.5.1'
+    - ./doc/generate_authors.sh --check
+script:
+    - tox
+    - codecov
+notifications:
+  email:
+    on_success: never
+    on_failure: change
+deploy:
+# Github deployment
+  - provider: releases
+    api_key:
+      secure: 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
+    file: .tox/dist/python-escpos*.zip
+    file_glob: true
+    skip_cleanup: true
+    on:
+      tags: true
+      repo: python-escpos/python-escpos
+      branch: master
+      condition: $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION = "3.6"

AUTHORS

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Ahmed Tahri
+Asuki Kono
+belono
+Christoph Heuel
+Cody (Quantified Code Bot)
+csoft2k
+Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+Davis Goglin
+Dean Rispin
+Dmytro Katyukha
+Hark
+Joel Lehtonen
+kennedy
+Kristi
+ldos
+Lucy Linder
+Manuel F Martinez
+Michael Billington
+Michael Elsdörfer
+mrwunderbar666
+Nathan Bookham
+Patrick Kanzler
+primax79
+Qian Linfeng
+reck31
+Renato Lorenzi
+Romain Porte
+Sam Cheng
+Sergio Pulgarin
+Stephan Sokolow
+Thijs Triemstra
+Thomas van den Berg
+ysuolmai

CHANGELOG

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-CHANGELOG
-
-* 2012-11-15 - Version 1.0
-- Issue #2: Added ethernet support
-- Issue #3: Added compatibility with libusb-1.0.1
-- Issue #4: Fixed typo in escpos.py
-
-* 2013-03-14 - Version 1.0.1
-- Issue #8: Fixed set font
-- Added QR support
-
-* 2013-12-30 - Version 1.0.2
-- Issue #5: Fixed vertical tab
-- Issue #9: Fixed identation inconsistence
-
-* 2014-02-23 - Version 1.0.3
-- Issue #18: Added quad-area characters (Sent by syncman1x@gmail.com)
-- Added exception for PIL import
-
-* 2014-05-20 - Version 1.0.4
-- Added charcode tables
-- Fixed Horizontal Tab

CHANGELOG.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+*********
+Changelog
+*********
+2018-05-15 - Version 3.0a4 - "Kakistocrat"
+------------------------------------------
+This release is the fifth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- raise exception when TypeError occurs in cashdraw (#268)
+- Feature/clear content in dummy printer (#271)
+- fix is_online() (#282)
+- improve documentation
+- Modified submodule to always pull from master branch (#283)
+- parameter for implementation of nonnative qrcode (#289)
+- improve platform independence (#296)
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Christoph Heuel
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- kennedy
+- primax79
+- reck31
+- Thijs Triemstra
+
+2017-10-08 - Version 3.0a3 - "Just Testing"
+-------------------------------------------
+This release is the fourth alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- minor changes in documentation, tests and examples
+- pickle capabilities for faster startup
+- first implementation of centering images and QR
+- check barcodes based on regex
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Lucy Linder
+- Romain Porte
+- Sergio Pulgarin
+
+2017-08-04 - Version 3.0a2 - "It's My Party And I'll Sing If I Want To"
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+This release is the third alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- refactor of the set-method
+- preliminary support of POS "line display" printing
+- improvement of tests
+- added ImageWidthError
+- list authors in repository
+- add support for software-based barcode-rendering
+- fix SerialException when trying to close device on __del__
+- added the DLE EOT querying command for USB and Serial
+- ensure QR codes have a large enough border
+- make feed for cut optional
+- fix the behavior of horizontal tabs
+- added test script for hard an soft barcodes
+- implemented paper sensor querying command
+- added weather forecast example script
+- added a method for simpler newlines
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- csoft2k
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- mrwunderbar666
+- Romain Porte
+- Ahmed Tahri
+
+2017-03-29 - Version 3.0a1 - "Headcrash"
+----------------------------------------
+This release is the second alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- automatically upload releases to GitHub
+- add environment variable ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
+- automatically handle cases where full cut or partial cut is not available
+- add print_and_feed
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Sam Cheng
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Dmytro Katyukha
+
+2017-01-31 - Version 3.0a - "Grey Area"
+---------------------------------------
+This release is the first alpha release of the new version 3.0. Please
+be aware that the API will still change until v3.0 is released.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- change the project's license to MIT in accordance with the contributors (see python-escpos/python-escpos#171)
+- feature: add "capabilities" which are shared with escpos-php, capabilities are stored in
+  `escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_
+- feature: the driver tries now to guess the appropriate codepage and sets it automatically (called "magic encode")
+- as an alternative you can force the codepage with the old API
+- updated and improved documentation
+- changed constructor of main class due to introduction of capablities
+- changed interface of method `blocktext`, changed behavior of multiple methods, for details refer to the documentation
+  on `python-escpos.readthedocs.io <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_
+- add support for custom cash drawer sequence
+- enforce flake8 on the src-files, test py36 and py37 on travis
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Michael Billington
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- Patrick Kanzler (with code by Frédéric Van der Essen)
+- Asuki Kono
+- Benito López
+- Curtis // mashedkeyboard
+- Thijs Triemstra
+- ysuolmai
+
+2016-08-26 - Version 2.2.0 - "Fate Amenable To Change"
+------------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- fix improper API-use in qrcode()
+- change setup.py shebang to make it compatible with virtualenvs.
+- add constants for sheet mode and colors
+- support changing the linespacing
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Michael Elsdörfer
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-08-10 - Version 2.1.3 - "Ethics Gradient"
+----------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- configure readthedocs and travis
+- update doc with hint on image preprocessing
+- add fix for printing large images (by splitting them into multiple images)
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.2 - "Death and Gravity"
+------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- fix File-printer: flush after every call of _raw()
+- fix lists in documentation
+- fix CODE128: by adding the control character to the barcode-selection-sequence the barcode became unusable
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-08-02 - Version 2.1.1 - "Contents May Differ"
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- rename variable interface in USB-class to timeout
+- add support for hypothesis and move pypy3 to the allowed failures (pypy3 is not supported by hypothesis)
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Renato Lorenzi
+
+2016-07-23 - Version 2.1.0 - "But Who's Counting?"
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- packaging: configured the coverage-analysis codecov.io
+- GitHub: improved issues-template
+- documentation: add troubleshooting tip to network-interface
+- the module, cli and documentation is now aware of the version of python-escpos
+- the cli does now support basic tabcompletion
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Patrick Kanzler
+
+2016-06-24 - Version 2.0.0 - "Attitude Adjuster"
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This version is based on the original version of python-escpos by Manuel F Martinez. However, many contributions have
+greatly improved the old codebase. Since this version does not completely match the interface of the version published
+on PyPi and has many improvements, it will be released as version 2.0.0.
+
+changes
+^^^^^^^
+- refactor complete code in order to be compatible with Python 2 and 3
+- modernize packaging
+- add testing and CI
+- merge various forks into codebase, fixing multiple issues with barcode-, QR-printing, cashdraw and structure
+- improve the documentation
+- extend support of barcode-codes to type B
+- add function to disable panel-buttons
+- the text-functions are now intended for unicode, the driver will automatically encode the string based on the selected
+  codepage
+- the image-functions are now much more flexible
+- added a CLI
+- restructured the constants
+
+contributors
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Thomas van den Berg
+- Michael Billington
+- Nate Bookham
+- Davis Goglin
+- Christoph Heuel
+- Patrick Kanzler
+- Qian LinFeng
+
+2016-01-24 - Version 1.0.9
+--------------------------
+
+- fix constant definition for PC1252
+- move documentation to Sphinx
+
+2015-10-27 - Version 1.0.8
+--------------------------
+
+- Merge pull request #59 from zouppen/master
+    - Support for images vertically longer than 256 pixels
+    - Sent by Joel Lehtonen <joel.lehtonen@koodilehto.fi>
+- Updated README
+
+2015-08-22 - Version 1.0.7
+--------------------------
+
+- Issue #57: Fixed transparent images
+
+2015-07-06 - Version 1.0.6
+--------------------------
+
+- Merge pull request #53 from ldos/master
+    - Extended params for serial printers
+    - Sent by ldos <cafeteria.ldosalzira@gmail.com>
+
+2015-04-21 - Version 1.0.5
+--------------------------
+
+- Merge pull request #45 from Krispy2009/master
+    - Raising the right error when wrong charcode is used
+    - Sent by Kristi <Krispy2009@gmail.com>
+
+2014-05-20 - Version 1.0.4
+--------------------------
+
+- Issue #20: Added Density support (Sent by thomas.erbacher@ragapack.de)
+- Added charcode tables
+- Fixed Horizontal Tab
+- Fixed code tabulators
+
+2014-02-23 - Version 1.0.3
+--------------------------
+
+- Issue #18: Added quad-area characters (Sent by syncman1x@gmail.com)
+- Added exception for PIL import
+
+2013-12-30 - Version 1.0.2
+--------------------------
+
+- Issue #5: Fixed vertical tab
+- Issue #9: Fixed identation inconsistence
+
+2013-03-14 - Version 1.0.1
+--------------------------
+
+- Issue #8: Fixed set font
+- Added QR support
+
+2012-11-15 - Version 1.0
+------------------------
+
+- Issue #2: Added ethernet support
+- Issue #3: Added compatibility with libusb-1.0.1
+- Issue #4: Fixed typo in escpos.py

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+************
+Contributing
+************
+
+This project is open to any kind of contribution. You can help with improving the documentation, adding fixes to the
+code, providing test cases in code or as a description or just spreading the word. Please feel free to create an
+issue or pull request.
+In order to reduce the amount of work for everyone please try to adhere to good practice.
+
+The pull requests and issues will be prefilled with templates. Please fill in your information where applicable.
+
+This project uses `semantic versioning <http://semver.org/>`_ and tries to adhere to the proposed rules as
+well as possible.
+
+Author-list
+-----------
+
+This project keeps a list of authors. This can be auto-generated by calling `./doc/generate-authors.sh`.
+When contributing the first time, please include a commit with the output of this script in place.
+Otherwise the integration-check will fail.
+
+When you change your username or mail-address, please also update the `.mailmap` and the authors-list.
+You can find a good documentation on the mapping-feature in the `documentation of git-shortlog <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-shortlog#_mapping_authors>`_.
+
+Style-Guide
+-----------
+
+When writing code please try to stick to these rules.
+
+Python 2 and 3
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+We have rewritten the code in order to maintain compatibility with both Python 2 and Python 3.
+In order to ensure that we do not miss any accidental degradation, please add these imports to the top
+of every file of code:
+
+.. code-block:: Python
+
+  from __future__ import absolute_import
+  from __future__ import division
+  from __future__ import print_function
+  from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+Furthermore please be aware of the differences between Python 2 and 3. For
+example `this guide <https://docs.python.org/3/howto/pyporting.html>`_ is helpful.
+Special care has to be taken when dealing with strings and byte-strings. Please note
+that the :py:meth:`~escpos.escpos.Escpos._raw`-method only accepts byte-strings.
+Often you can achieve compatibility quite easily with a tool from the `six`-package.
+
+PEP8
+^^^^
+The entire codebase adheres to the rules of PEP8.
+These rules are enforced by running `flake8` in the integration-checks.
+Please adhere to these rules as your contribution can only be merged if the check succeeds.
+You can use flake8 or similar tools locally in order to check your code.
+Apart from that the travis-log and the check by Landscape will provide you with hints.
+
+GIT
+^^^
+The master-branch contains code that has been released to PyPi. A release is marked with a tag
+corresponding to the version. Issues are closed when they have been resolved in the development-branch.
+
+When you have a change to make, begin by creating a new branch from the HEAD of `python-escpos/development`.
+Name your branch to indicate what you are trying to achieve. Good branch names might
+be `improve/text-handling`, `feature/enable-color-printing`.
+
+Please try to group your commits into logical units. If you need to tidy up your branch, you can make use of a
+git feature called an 'interactive rebase' before making a pull request. A small, self-contained change-set is
+easier to review, and improves the chance of your code being merged.
+Please also make sure that before creating your PR, your branch is rebased on a recent commit or you merged a recent
+commit into your branch. This way you can ensure that your PR is without merge conflicts.
+
+Docstrings
+^^^^^^^^^^
+This project tries to have a good documentation.
+Please add a docstring to every method and class. Have a look at existing methods and classes for the style.
+We use basically standard rst-docstrings for Sphinx.
+
+Test
+^^^^
+Try to write tests whenever possible. Our goal for the future is 100% coverage.
+We are currently using `nose` but might change in the future.
+You can copy the structure from other testcases. Please remember to adapt the docstrings.
+
+Further reading
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+For further best practices and hints on contributing please see the
+`contribution-guide <http://www.contribution-guide.org/>`_. Should there be any contradictions between this guide
+and the linked one, please stick to this text.
+Aside from that feel free to create an issue or write an email if anything is unclear.
+
+Thank you for your contribution!

COPYING

@@ -1,674 +0,0 @@
-                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
-
- Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-                            Preamble
-
-  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
-software and other kinds of works.
-
-  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
-to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
-the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
-share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
-software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
-GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
-any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
-want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
-free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
-
-  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
-these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
-certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
-you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
-
-  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
-gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
-freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
-or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
-know their rights.
-
-  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
-(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
-giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
-
-  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
-that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
-authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
-changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
-authors of previous versions.
-
-  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
-modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
-can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
-protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
-pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
-use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
-have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
-products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
-stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
-of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
-
-  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
-States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
-software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
-avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
-make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
-patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
-
-  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
-modification follow.
-
-                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-  0. Definitions.
-
-  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
-
-  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
-works, such as semiconductor masks.
-
-  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
-License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
-"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
-
-  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
-in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
-exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
-earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
-
-  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
-on the Program.
-
-  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
-permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
-infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
-computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
-distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
-public, and in some countries other activities as well.
-
-  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
-parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
-a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
-
-  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
-to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
-feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
-tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
-extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
-work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
-the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
-menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
-
-  1. Source Code.
-
-  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
-for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
-form of a work.
-
-  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
-standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
-interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
-is widely used among developers working in that language.
-
-  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
-than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
-packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
-Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
-Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
-implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
-"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
-(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
-(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
-produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
-
-  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
-the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
-work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
-control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
-System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
-programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
-which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
-includes interface definition files associated with source files for
-the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
-linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
-such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
-subprograms and other parts of the work.
-
-  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
-can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
-Source.
-
-  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
-same work.
-
-  2. Basic Permissions.
-
-  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
-copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
-conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
-permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
-covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
-content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
-rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
-
-  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
-convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
-in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
-of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
-with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
-the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
-not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
-for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
-and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
-your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
-
-  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
-the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
-makes it unnecessary.
-
-  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
-
-  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
-measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
-11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
-similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
-measures.
-
-  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
-circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
-is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
-the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
-modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
-users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
-technological measures.
-
-  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
-
-  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
-receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
-appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
-keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
-non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
-keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
-recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
-
-  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
-and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
-
-  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
-
-  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
-produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
-terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
-
-    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
-    it, and giving a relevant date.
-
-    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
-    released under this License and any conditions added under section
-    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
-    "keep intact all notices".
-
-    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
-    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
-    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
-    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
-    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
-    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
-    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
-
-    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
-    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
-    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
-    work need not make them do so.
-
-  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
-works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
-and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
-in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
-"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
-used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
-beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
-in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
-parts of the aggregate.
-
-  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
-
-  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
-of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
-machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
-in one of these ways:
-
-    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
-    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
-    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
-    customarily used for software interchange.
-
-    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
-    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
-    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
-    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
-    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
-    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
-    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
-    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
-    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
-    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
-    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
-
-    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
-    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
-    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
-    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
-    with subsection 6b.
-
-    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
-    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
-    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
-    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
-    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
-    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
-    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
-    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
-    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
-    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
-    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
-    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
-
-    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
-    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
-    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
-    charge under subsection 6d.
-
-  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
-from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
-included in conveying the object code work.
-
-  A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
-tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
-or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
-into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
-doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
-product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
-typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
-of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
-actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
-is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
-commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
-the only significant mode of use of the product.
-
-  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
-procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
-and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
-a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
-suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
-code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
-modification has been made.
-
-  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
-specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
-part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
-User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
-fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
-Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
-by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
-if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
-modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
-been installed in ROM).
-
-  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
-requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
-for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
-the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
-network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
-adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
-protocols for communication across the network.
-
-  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
-in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
-documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
-source code form), and must require no special password or key for
-unpacking, reading or copying.
-
-  7. Additional Terms.
-
-  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
-License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
-Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
-be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
-that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
-apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
-under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
-this License without regard to the additional permissions.
-
-  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
-remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
-it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
-removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
-additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
-for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
-
-  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
-add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
-that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
-
-    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
-    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
-
-    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
-    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
-    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
-
-    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
-    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
-    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
-
-    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
-    authors of the material; or
-
-    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
-    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
-
-    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
-    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
-    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
-    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
-    those licensors and authors.
-
-  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
-restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
-received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
-governed by this License along with a term that is a further
-restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
-a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
-License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
-of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
-not survive such relicensing or conveying.
-
-  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
-must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
-additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
-where to find the applicable terms.
-
-  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
-form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
-the above requirements apply either way.
-
-  8. Termination.
-
-  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
-provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
-modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
-this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
-paragraph of section 11).
-
-  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
-license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
-provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
-finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
-holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
-prior to 60 days after the cessation.
-
-  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
-reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
-violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
-received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
-copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
-your receipt of the notice.
-
-  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
-licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
-this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
-reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
-material under section 10.
-
-  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
-
-  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
-run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
-occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
-to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
-nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
-modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
-not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
-covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
-
-  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
-
-  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
-receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
-propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
-for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
-
-  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
-organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
-organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
-work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
-transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
-licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
-give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
-Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
-the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
-
-  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
-rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
-not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
-rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
-(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
-any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
-sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
-
-  11. Patents.
-
-  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
-License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
-work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
-
-  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
-owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
-hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
-by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
-but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
-consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
-purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
-patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
-this License.
-
-  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
-patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
-make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
-propagate the contents of its contributor version.
-
-  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
-agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
-(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
-sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
-party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
-patent against the party.
-
-  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
-and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
-to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
-publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
-then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
-available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
-patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
-consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
-license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
-actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
-covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
-in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
-country that you have reason to believe are valid.
-
-  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
-arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
-covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
-receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
-or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
-you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
-work and works based on it.
-
-  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
-the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
-conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
-specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
-work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
-in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
-to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
-the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
-parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
-patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
-conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
-for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
-contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
-or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
-
-  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
-any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
-otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
-
-  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
-
-  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
-otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
-excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
-covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
-License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
-not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
-to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
-the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
-License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
-
-  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
-
-  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
-permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
-under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
-combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
-License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
-but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
-section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
-combination as such.
-
-  14. Revised Versions of this License.
-
-  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
-the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
-be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
-address new problems or concerns.
-
-  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
-Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
-Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
-option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
-version or of any later version published by the Free Software
-Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
-GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
-by the Free Software Foundation.
-
-  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
-versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
-public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
-to choose that version for the Program.
-
-  Later license versions may give you additional or different
-permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
-author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
-later version.
-
-  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
-
-  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
-APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
-HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
-OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
-PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
-IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
-ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
-
-  16. Limitation of Liability.
-
-  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
-THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
-GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
-USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
-DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
-PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
-EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-SUCH DAMAGES.
-
-  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
-
-  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
-above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
-reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
-an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
-Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
-copy of the Program in return for a fee.
-
-                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
-  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
-  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
-    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
-    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-
-    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
-  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
-notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
-    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
-    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-
-The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
-parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
-might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
-
-  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
-if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
-For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
-<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
-into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
-may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
-the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
-Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
-<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2017 python-escpos and Manuel F Martinez
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

MANIFEST

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# file GENERATED by distutils, do NOT edit
-README
-setup.py
-escpos/__init__.py
-escpos/constants.py
-escpos/escpos.py
-escpos/exceptions.py
-escpos/printer.py

MANIFEST.in

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include *.rst
+include *.txt
+include COPYING
+include LICENSE
+include INSTALL
+include tox.ini
+include capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json
+recursive-include doc *.bat
+recursive-include doc *.ico
+recursive-include doc *.py
+recursive-include doc *.rst
+recursive-include doc *.txt
+recursive-include doc Makefile

README

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-ESCPOS
-======
-
-Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-1. Dependencies
-
-In order to start getting access to your printer, you must ensure
-you have previously installed the following python modules:
-
-  * pyusb (python-usb)
-  * PIL (Python Image Library)
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-2. Description
-
-Python ESC/POS is a library which lets the user have access to all
-those printers handled by ESC/POS commands, as defined by Epson,
-from a Python application.
-
-The standard usage is send raw text to the printer, but in also 
-helps the user to enhance the experience with those printers by
-facilitating the bar code printing in many different standards,
-as well as manipulating images so they can be printed as brand
-logo or any other usage images migh have. 
-
-Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size,
-type and weight.
-
-Also, this module handles some hardware functionalities like, cut
-paper, carrier return, printer reset and others concerned to the
-carriage alignment.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-3. Define your printer
-
-Before start create your Python ESC/POS printer instance, you must
-see at your system for the printer parameters. This is done with
-the 'lsusb' command.
-
-First run the command to look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID",
-then write down the values, these values are displayed just before
-the name of the device with the following format:
-
-  xxxx:xxxx
-
-Example:
-  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name
-
-Write down the the values in question, then issue the following
-command so you can get the "Interface" number and "End Point"
-
-  lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep iInterface
-  lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep bEndpointAddress | grep OUT
-
-The first command will yields the "Interface" number that must
-be handy to have and the second yields the "Output Endpoint"
-address.
-
-By default the "Interface" number is "0" and the "Output Endpoint"
-address is "0x82",  if you have other values then you can define
-with your instance.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-4. Define your instance
-
-The following example shows how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
-*** NOTE: Always finish the sequence with Epson.cut() otherwise
-          you will endup with weird chars being printed.
-
-  from escpos import *
-
-  """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
-  Epson = escpos.Escpos(0x04b8,0x0202,0)
-  Epson.text("Hello World")
-  Epson.image("logo.gif")
-  Epson.barcode
-  Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
-  Epson.cut()
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-5. Links
-
-Please visit project homepage at:
-http://repo.bashlinux.com/projects/escpos.html
-
-Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
-

README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#############################################################
+python-escpos - Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers
+#############################################################
+
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/python-escpos/python-escpos
+    :alt: Continous Integration
+
+.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master/landscape.svg?style=flat
+    :target: https://landscape.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/master
+    :alt: Code Health
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos/coverage.svg?branch=master
+    :target: https://codecov.io/github/python-escpos/python-escpos?branch=master
+    :alt: Code Coverage
+
+.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/python-escpos/badge/?version=stable
+    :target: http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=stable
+    :alt: Documentation Status
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+Python ESC/POS is a library which lets the user have access to all those printers handled
+by ESC/POS commands, as defined by Epson, from a Python application.
+
+The library tries to implement the functions provided by the ESC/POS-commandset and supports sending text, images,
+barcodes and qr-codes to the printer.
+
+Text can be aligned/justified and fonts can be changed by size, type and weight.
+
+Also, this module handles some hardware functionalities like cutting paper, control characters, printer reset
+and similar functions.
+
+Since supported commands differ from printer to printer the software tries to automatically apply the right
+settings for the printer that you set. These settings are handled by
+`escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_ which is also used in
+`escpos-php <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+This library makes use of:
+
+* `pyusb <https://github.com/walac/pyusb>`_ for USB-printers
+* `Pillow <https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow>`_ for image printing
+* `qrcode <https://github.com/lincolnloop/python-qrcode>`_ for the generation of QR-codes
+* `pyserial <https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial>`_ for serial printers
+* `viivakoodi <https://github.com/kxepal/viivakoodi>`_ for the generation of barcodes
+
+Documentation and Usage
+-----------------------
+
+The basic usage is:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer (EPSON TM-T88III) """
+    p = Usb(0x04b8, 0x0202, 0, profile='TM-T88III')
+    p.text('Hello World\n')
+    p.image('logo.gif')
+    p.barcode('1324354657687', 'EAN13', 64, 2, '', '')
+    p.cut()
+
+The full project-documentation is available on `Read the Docs <https://python-escpos.readthedocs.io>`_.
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+This project is open for any contribution! Please see `CONTRIBUTING.rst <http://python-escpos.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dev/contributing.html>`_ for more information.
+
+
+Disclaimer
+----------
+
+None of the vendors cited in this project agree or endorse any of the patterns or implementations.
+Its names are used only to maintain context.
+
+

codecov.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+codecov:
+  bot: patkan
+
+coverage:
+  status:
+    project:
+      default:  # status context
+        target: auto
+        threshold: "1%"
+  range: "60...100"
+
+comment: off
+

doc/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+_build/

doc/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+PAPER         =
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# User-friendly check for sphinx-build
+ifeq ($(shell which $(SPHINXBUILD) >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?), 1)
+$(error The '$(SPHINXBUILD)' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point to the full path of the '$(SPHINXBUILD)' executable. Alternatively you can add the directory with the executable to your PATH. If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from http://sphinx-doc.org/)
+endif
+
+# Internal variables.
+PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
+PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+# the i18n builder cannot share the environment and doctrees with the others
+I18NSPHINXOPTS  = $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+
+.PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest gettext
+
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html       to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories"
+	@echo "  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file"
+	@echo "  pickle     to make pickle files"
+	@echo "  json       to make JSON files"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
+	@echo "  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project"
+	@echo "  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project"
+	@echo "  epub       to make an epub"
+	@echo "  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
+	@echo "  latexpdf   to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex"
+	@echo "  latexpdfja to make LaTeX files and run them through platex/dvipdfmx"
+	@echo "  text       to make text files"
+	@echo "  man        to make manual pages"
+	@echo "  texinfo    to make Texinfo files"
+	@echo "  info       to make Texinfo files and run them through makeinfo"
+	@echo "  gettext    to make PO message catalogs"
+	@echo "  changes    to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files"
+	@echo "  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes"
+	@echo "  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity"
+	@echo "  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)"
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+
+html:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
+
+dirhtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml."
+
+singlehtml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml."
+
+pickle:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files."
+
+json:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files."
+
+htmlhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp."
+
+qthelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \
+	      ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:"
+	@echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/python-escpos.qhcp"
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/python-escpos.qhc"
+
+devhelp:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished."
+	@echo "To view the help file:"
+	@echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/python-escpos"
+	@echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/python-escpos"
+	@echo "# devhelp"
+
+epub:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub."
+
+latex:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \
+	      "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)."
+
+latexpdf:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+latexpdfja:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex
+	@echo "Running LaTeX files through platex and dvipdfmx..."
+	$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf-ja
+	@echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex."
+
+text:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text."
+
+man:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man."
+
+texinfo:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The Texinfo files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+	@echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo" \
+	      "(use \`make info' here to do that automatically)."
+
+info:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b texinfo $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo
+	@echo "Running Texinfo files through makeinfo..."
+	make -C $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo info
+	@echo "makeinfo finished; the Info files are in $(BUILDDIR)/texinfo."
+
+gettext:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b gettext $(I18NSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/locale
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The message catalogs are in $(BUILDDIR)/locale."
+
+changes:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes."
+
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt."
+
+doctest:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest
+	@echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \
+	      "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."
+
+xml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b xml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/xml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/xml."
+
+pseudoxml:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pseudoxml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in $(BUILDDIR)/pseudoxml."

doc/api/capabilities.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Capabilities
+------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.capabilities`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.capabilities
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/cli.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CLI
+---
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.cli`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.cli
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/codepages.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Codepages
+---------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.codepages`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.codepages
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/config.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Config
+------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.config`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.config
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/constants.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Constants
+---------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.constants`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.constants
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/escpos.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Esc/Pos
+-------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.escpos`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.escpos
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/exceptions.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Exceptions
+----------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.exceptions`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.exceptions
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/image.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Image helper
+------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.image`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.image
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/katakana.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Katakana
+--------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.katakana`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.katakana
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/magicencode.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Magic Encode
+------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.magicencode`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.magicencode
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/api/printer.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Printer implementations
+-----------------------
+Module :py:mod:`escpos.printer`
+
+.. automodule:: escpos.printer
+    :members:
+    :undoc-members:
+    :show-inheritance:
+    :member-order: bysource

doc/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+#
+# python-escpos documentation build configuration file, created by
+# sphinx-quickstart on Sat Dec 26 14:28:42 2015.
+#
+# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
+# containing dir.
+#
+# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
+# autogenerated file.
+#
+# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
+# serve to show the default.
+
+import sys
+import os
+on_rtd = os.getenv('READTHEDOCS') == 'True'
+if on_rtd:
+    import escpos
+else:
+    from setuptools_scm import get_version
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
+root = os.path.relpath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..'))
+
+# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
+
+# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
+#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    'sphinx.ext.doctest',
+    'sphinx.ext.todo',
+    'sphinx.ext.coverage',
+    'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
+    'sphinx.ext.todo',
+    'sphinx.ext.graphviz',
+    'sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram',
+]
+
+# supress warnings for external images
+suppress_warnings = [
+    'image.nonlocal_uri',
+]
+
+# enable todos
+todo_include_todos = True
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+# The suffix of source filenames.
+source_suffix = '.rst'
+
+# The encoding of source files.
+#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+
+# The master toctree document.
+master_doc = 'index'
+
+# General information about the project.
+project = u'python-escpos'
+copyright = u'2016, Manuel F Martinez and others'
+
+# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
+# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
+# built documents.
+#
+if on_rtd:
+    # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
+    release = escpos.__version__
+else:
+    # locally setuptools_scm should work
+    release = get_version(root=root)
+# The short X.Y version.
+version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])  # The short X.Y version.
+
+# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
+# for a list of supported languages.
+#language = None
+
+# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
+# non-false value, then it is used:
+#today = ''
+# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
+#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
+# documents.
+#default_role = None
+
+# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
+#add_function_parentheses = True
+
+# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
+# unit titles (such as .. function::).
+#add_module_names = True
+
+# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
+# output. They are ignored by default.
+#show_authors = False
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+
+# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
+#modindex_common_prefix = []
+
+# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
+#keep_warnings = False
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+if on_rtd:
+    html_theme = 'default'
+else:
+    try:
+        import sphinx_rtd_theme
+        html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+        html_theme_path = [sphinx_rtd_theme.get_html_theme_path()]
+    except ImportError:
+        print("no sphinx_rtd_theme found, switching to nature")
+        html_theme = 'default'
+
+# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
+# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
+# documentation.
+#html_theme_options = {}
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
+#html_theme_path = []
+
+# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
+# "<project> v<release> documentation".
+#html_title = None
+
+# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
+#html_short_title = None
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
+# of the sidebar.
+#html_logo = None
+
+# The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
+# docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
+# pixels large.
+html_favicon = 'pyescpos.ico'
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ['_static']
+
+# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
+# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
+# directly to the root of the documentation.
+#html_extra_path = []
+
+# If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
+# using the given strftime format.
+#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+
+# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
+# typographically correct entities.
+#html_use_smartypants = True
+
+# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
+#html_sidebars = {}
+
+# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
+# template names.
+#html_additional_pages = {}
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#html_domain_indices = True
+
+# If false, no index is generated.
+#html_use_index = True
+
+# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
+#html_split_index = False
+
+# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
+#html_show_sourcelink = True
+
+# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+#html_show_sphinx = True
+
+# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
+#html_show_copyright = True
+
+# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
+# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
+# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
+#html_use_opensearch = ''
+
+# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
+#html_file_suffix = None
+
+# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
+htmlhelp_basename = 'python-escposdoc'
+
+
+# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
+
+latex_elements = {
+# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+
+# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+#'pointsize': '10pt',
+
+# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+#'preamble': '',
+}
+
+# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title,
+#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
+latex_documents = [
+  ('index', 'python-escpos.tex', u'python-escpos Documentation',
+   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'manual'),
+]
+
+# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
+# the title page.
+#latex_logo = None
+
+# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
+# not chapters.
+#latex_use_parts = False
+
+# If true, show page references after internal links.
+#latex_show_pagerefs = False
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#latex_show_urls = False
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#latex_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#latex_domain_indices = True
+
+
+# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
+
+# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
+# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
+man_pages = [
+    ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
+     [u'Manuel F Martinez and others'], 1)
+]
+
+# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
+#man_show_urls = False
+
+
+# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
+
+# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
+# (source start file, target name, title, author,
+#  dir menu entry, description, category)
+texinfo_documents = [
+  ('index', 'python-escpos', u'python-escpos Documentation',
+   u'Manuel F Martinez and others', 'python-escpos', 'One line description of project.',
+   'Miscellaneous'),
+]
+
+# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
+#texinfo_appendices = []
+
+# If false, no module index is generated.
+#texinfo_domain_indices = True
+
+# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
+#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+
+# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
+#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False

doc/dev/changelog.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.. include:: ../../CHANGELOG.rst

doc/dev/contributing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.. include:: ../../CONTRIBUTING.rst

doc/generate_authors.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+GENLIST=$(git shortlog -s -n | cut -f2 | sort -f)
+AUTHORSFILE="$(dirname $0)/../AUTHORS"
+TEMPAUTHORSFILE="/tmp/python-escpos-authorsfile"
+
+if [ "$#" -eq 1 ]
+    then
+        echo "$GENLIST">$TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nAuthorsfile in version control:\n"
+	cat $AUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nNew authorsfile:\n"
+	cat $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+	echo "\nUsing diff on files...\n"
+        diff -q --from-file $AUTHORSFILE $TEMPAUTHORSFILE
+    else
+	echo "$GENLIST">$AUTHORSFILE
+fi
+

doc/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.. python-escpos documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Sat Dec 26 14:28:42 2015.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+.. include:: ../README.rst
+
+Content
+-------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :caption: User Documentation
+
+   user/installation
+   user/methods
+   user/printers
+   user/raspi
+   user/todo
+   user/usage
+   user/barcode
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :caption: Developer Documentation
+
+   dev/contributing
+   dev/changelog
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+   :caption: API Documentation
+
+   api/escpos
+   api/printer
+   api/constants
+   api/exceptions
+   api/capabilities
+   api/config
+   api/image
+   api/cli
+   api/magicencode
+   api/codepages
+   api/katakana
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
+

doc/make.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set BUILDDIR=_build
+set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-d %BUILDDIR%/doctrees %SPHINXOPTS% .
+set I18NSPHINXOPTS=%SPHINXOPTS% .
+if NOT "%PAPER%" == "" (
+	set ALLSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %ALLSPHINXOPTS%
+	set I18NSPHINXOPTS=-D latex_paper_size=%PAPER% %I18NSPHINXOPTS%
+)
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+if "%1" == "help" (
+	:help
+	echo.Please use `make ^<target^>` where ^<target^> is one of
+	echo.  html       to make standalone HTML files
+	echo.  dirhtml    to make HTML files named index.html in directories
+	echo.  singlehtml to make a single large HTML file
+	echo.  pickle     to make pickle files
+	echo.  json       to make JSON files
+	echo.  htmlhelp   to make HTML files and a HTML help project
+	echo.  qthelp     to make HTML files and a qthelp project
+	echo.  devhelp    to make HTML files and a Devhelp project
+	echo.  epub       to make an epub
+	echo.  latex      to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter
+	echo.  text       to make text files
+	echo.  man        to make manual pages
+	echo.  texinfo    to make Texinfo files
+	echo.  gettext    to make PO message catalogs
+	echo.  changes    to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items
+	echo.  xml        to make Docutils-native XML files
+	echo.  pseudoxml  to make pseudoxml-XML files for display purposes
+	echo.  linkcheck  to check all external links for integrity
+	echo.  doctest    to run all doctests embedded in the documentation if enabled
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "clean" (
+	for /d %%i in (%BUILDDIR%\*) do rmdir /q /s %%i
+	del /q /s %BUILDDIR%\*
+	goto end
+)
+
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% 2> nul
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+if "%1" == "html" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b html %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/html
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/html.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "dirhtml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b dirhtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/dirhtml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "singlehtml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b singlehtml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The HTML pages are in %BUILDDIR%/singlehtml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "pickle" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pickle %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pickle
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the pickle files.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "json" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b json %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/json
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can process the JSON files.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "htmlhelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b htmlhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the ^
+.hhp project file in %BUILDDIR%/htmlhelp.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "qthelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b qthelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/qthelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the ^
+.qhcp project file in %BUILDDIR%/qthelp, like this:
+	echo.^> qcollectiongenerator %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\python-escpos.qhcp
+	echo.To view the help file:
+	echo.^> assistant -collectionFile %BUILDDIR%\qthelp\python-escpos.ghc
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "devhelp" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b devhelp %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/devhelp
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "epub" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b epub %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/epub
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The epub file is in %BUILDDIR%/epub.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latex" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the LaTeX files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latexpdf" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	make all-pdf
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/..
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "latexpdfja" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b latex %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/latex
+	make all-pdf-ja
+	cd %BUILDDIR%/..
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished; the PDF files are in %BUILDDIR%/latex.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "text" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b text %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/text
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The text files are in %BUILDDIR%/text.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "man" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b man %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/man
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The manual pages are in %BUILDDIR%/man.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "texinfo" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b texinfo %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/texinfo
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The Texinfo files are in %BUILDDIR%/texinfo.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "gettext" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b gettext %I18NSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/locale
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The message catalogs are in %BUILDDIR%/locale.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "changes" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b changes %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/changes
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.The overview file is in %BUILDDIR%/changes.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "linkcheck" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b linkcheck %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output ^
+or in %BUILDDIR%/linkcheck/output.txt.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "doctest" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b doctest %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/doctest
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the ^
+results in %BUILDDIR%/doctest/output.txt.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "xml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b xml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/xml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/xml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+if "%1" == "pseudoxml" (
+	%SPHINXBUILD% -b pseudoxml %ALLSPHINXOPTS% %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml
+	if errorlevel 1 exit /b 1
+	echo.
+	echo.Build finished. The pseudo-XML files are in %BUILDDIR%/pseudoxml.
+	goto end
+)
+
+:end

doc/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pyusb
+Pillow>=2.0
+qrcode>=4.0
+pyserial
+sphinx-rtd-theme
+setuptools-scm
+docutils>=0.12
+viivakoodi

doc/user/barcode.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Printing Barcodes
+-----------------
+:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-31
+
+Most ESC/POS-printers implement barcode-printing.
+The barcode-commandset is implemented in the barcode-method.
+For a list of compatible barcodes you should check the manual of your printer.
+As a rule of thumb: even older Epson-models support most 1D-barcodes.
+To be sure just try some implementations and have a look at the notices below.
+
+barcode-method
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The barcode-method is rather low-level and orients itself on the implementation of ESC/POS.
+In the future this class could be supplemented by a high-level class that helps the user generating the payload.
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: escpos.escpos
+
+.. automethod:: Escpos.barcode
+    :noindex:
+
+CODE128
+~~~~~~~
+Code128 barcodes need a certain format.
+For now the user has to make sure that the payload is correct.
+For alphanumeric CODE128 you have to preface your payload with `{B`.
+
+.. code-block:: Python
+
+   from escpos.printer import Dummy, Serial
+   p = Serial()
+   # print CODE128 012ABCDabcd
+   p.barcode("{B012ABCDabcd", "CODE128", function_type="B")
+
+A very good description on CODE128 is also on `Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_128>`_.

doc/user/installation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+************
+Installation
+************
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2016-07-23
+
+Installation with PIP
+---------------------
+Installation should be rather straight-forward. python-escpos is on PyPi, so you can simply enter:
+
+    ::
+
+        pip install python-escpos
+
+This should install all necessary dependencies. Apart from that python-escpos should also be
+available as a Debian package. If you want to always benefit from the newest stable releases you should probably
+install from PyPi.
+
+Setup udev for USB-Printers
+---------------------------
+1. Get the *Product ID* and *Vendor ID* from the lsusb command
+   ``# lsusb  Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1a2b:1a2b Device name``
+
+2. Create a udev rule to let users belonging to *dialout* group use the
+   printer. You can create the file
+   ``/etc/udev/rules.d/99-escpos.rules`` and add the following:
+   ``SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1a2b", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1a2b", MODE="0664", GROUP="dialout"``
+   Replace *idVendor* and *idProduct* hex numbers with the ones that you
+   got from the previous step. Note that you can either, add yourself to
+   "dialout" group, or use another group you already belongs instead
+   "dialout" and set it in the ``GROUP`` parameter in the above rule.
+
+3. Restart udev ``# sudo service udev restart`` In some new systems it
+   is done with ``# sudo udevadm control --reload``
+
+Enabling tab-completion in CLI
+------------------------------
+python-escpos has a CLI with tab-completion. This is realised with ``argcomplete``.
+In order for this to work you have to enable tab-completion, which is described in
+the `manual of argcomplete <https://argcomplete.readthedocs.io>`__.
+
+If you only want to enable it for python-escpos, or global activation does not work, try this:
+
+    ::
+
+        eval "$(register-python-argcomplete python-escpos)"
+
+

doc/user/methods.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*******
+Methods
+*******
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
+
+Escpos class
+------------
+
+The core part of this libraries API is the Escpos class.
+You use it by instantiating a  :doc:`printer <printers>` which is a child of Escpos.
+The following methods are available:
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.escpos.Escpos
+    :members:
+    :member-order: bysource
+    :noindex:
+

doc/user/printers.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+********
+Printers
+********
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-25
+
+As of now there are 5 different type of printer implementations.
+
+USB
+---
+The USB-class uses pyusb and libusb to communicate with USB-based
+printers. Note that this driver is not suited for USB-to-Serial-adapters
+and similiar devices, but only for those implementing native USB.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Usb
+    :members:
+    :special-members:
+    :member-order: bysource
+    :noindex:
+
+Serial
+------
+This driver uses pyserial in order to communicate with serial devices.
+If you are using an USB-based adapter to connect to the serial port,
+then you should also use this driver.
+The configuration is often based on DIP-switches that you can set on your
+printer. For the hardware-configuration please refer to your printer's manual.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Serial
+     :members:
+     :special-members:
+     :member-order: bysource
+     :noindex:
+
+Network
+-------
+
+This driver is based on the socket class.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Network
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+Troubleshooting
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Problems with a network-attached printer can have numerous causes. Make sure that your device has a proper IP address.
+Often you can check the IP address by triggering the self-test of the device. As a next step try to send text
+manually to the device. You could use for example:
+
+    ::
+
+            echo "OK\n" | nc IPADDRESS 9100
+            # the port number is often 9100
+
+As a last resort try to reset the interface of the printer. This should be described in its manual.
+
+File
+----
+This printer "prints" just into a file-handle. Especially on \*nix-systems this comes very handy.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.File
+      :members:
+      :special-members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+
+Dummy
+-----
+The Dummy-printer is mainly for testing- and debugging-purposes. It stores
+all of the "output" as raw ESC/POS in a string and returns that.
+
+.. autoclass:: escpos.printer.Dummy
+      :members:
+      :member-order: bysource
+      :noindex:
+

doc/user/raspi.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+************
+Raspberry Pi
+************
+
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-01-05
+
+This instructions were tested on Raspbian Jessie.
+
+.. warning:: You should **never** directly connect an printer with RS232-interface (serial port) directly to
+    a Raspberry PI or similar interface (e.g. those simple USB-sticks without encasing). Those interfaces are
+    based on 5V- or 3,3V-logic (the latter in the case of Raspberry PI). Classical RS232 uses 12V-logic and would
+    **thus destroy your interface**. Connect both systems with an appropriate *level shifter*.
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+First, install the packages available on Raspbian.
+
+::
+
+       sudo apt-get install python3 python3-setuptools python3-pip libjpeg8-dev
+
+Installation
+------------
+You can install by using pip3.
+
+::
+
+    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
+    sudo pip3 install python-escpos
+
+Run
+---
+You need sudo and python3 to run your program.
+
+::
+
+    sudo python3 your-program.py
+
+Now you can attach your printer and and test it with the example code in the project's set of examples.
+You can find that in the `project-repository <https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos>`__.
+
+For more details on this check the :doc:`installation-manual <installation>`.

doc/user/todo.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+****
+TODO
+****
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+python-escpos is the initial idea, from here we can start to build a
+robust library to get most of the ESC/POS printers working with this
+library.
+
+Eventually, this library must be able to cover almost all the defined
+models detailed in the ESC/POS Command Specification Manual.
+
+Details
+-------
+
+What things are planned to work on?
+
+Testing
+~~~~~~~
+
+* Test on many printers as possible (USB, Serial, Network)
+* automate testing
+
+Design
+~~~~~~
+
+* Add all those sequences which are not common, but part of the ESC/POS
+  Command Specifications.
+
+  *  Port to Python 3
+  *  Windows compatibility (hidapi instead libusb?)
+  *  PDF417 support
+
+* use something similar to the `capabilities` in escpos-php
+
+Todos in the codebase
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. todolist::
+
+

doc/user/usage.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+*****
+Usage
+*****
+:Last Reviewed: 2017-06-10
+
+Define your printer
+-------------------
+
+USB printer
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Before creating your Python ESC/POS printer instance, consult the system to obtain
+the printer parameters. This is done with the 'lsusb' command.
+
+Run the command and look for the "Vendor ID" and "Product ID" and write
+down the values. These values are displayed just before the name
+of the device with the following format:
+
+::
+
+    xxxx:xxxx
+
+Example:
+
+::
+
+    # lsusb
+    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 04b8:0202 Epson ...
+
+Write down the the values in question, then issue the following command
+so you can get the "Interface" number and "End Point"
+
+::
+
+    # lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep iInterface
+        iInterface              0
+    # lsusb -vvv -d xxxx:xxxx | grep bEndpointAddress | grep OUT
+          bEndpointAddress     0x01  EP 1 OUT
+
+The first command will yield the "Interface" number that must be handy
+to have and the second yields the "Output Endpoint" address.
+
+**USB Printer initialization**
+
+::
+
+    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+
+By default the "Interface" number is "0" and the "Output Endpoint"
+address is "0x01". If you have other values then you can define them on
+your instance. So, assuming that we have another printer where in\_ep is
+on 0x81 and out\_ep=0x02, then the printer definition should look like:
+
+**Generic USB Printer initialization**
+
+::
+
+    Generic = printer.Usb(0x1a2b,0x1a2b,0,0x81,0x02)
+
+Network printer
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You only need the IP of your printer, either because it is getting its
+IP by DHCP or you set it manually.
+
+**Network Printer initialization**
+
+::
+
+    Epson = printer.Network('192.168.1.99')
+
+Serial printer
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Most of the default values set by the DIP switches for the serial
+printers, have been set as default on the serial printer class, so the
+only thing you need to know is which serial port the printer is connected
+to.
+
+**Serial printer initialization**
+
+::
+
+    Epson = printer.Serial('/dev/tty0')
+
+Other printers
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Some printers under `/dev` can't be used or initialized with any of the
+methods described above. Usually, those are printers used by printcap,
+however, if you know the device name, you could try to initialize by
+passing the device node name.
+
+::
+
+    Epson = printer.File('/dev/usb/lp1')
+
+The default is "/dev/usb/lp0", so if the printer is located on that
+node, then you don't necessary need to pass the node name.
+
+Define your instance
+--------------------
+
+The following example demonstrates how to initialize the Epson TM-TI88IV
+on a USB interface.
+
+::
+
+    from escpos import *
+    """ Seiko Epson Corp. Receipt Printer M129 Definitions (EPSON TM-T88IV) """
+    Epson = printer.Usb(0x04b8,0x0202)
+    # Print text
+    Epson.text('Hello World\n')
+    # Print image
+    Epson.image('logo.gif')
+    # Print QR Code
+    Epson.qr('You can readme from your smartphone')
+    # Print barcode
+    Epson.barcode('1324354657687','EAN13',64,2,'','')
+    # Cut paper
+    Epson.cut()
+
+Configuration File
+------------------
+
+You can create a configuration file for python-escpos. This will
+allow you to use the CLI, and skip some setup when using the library
+programmatically.
+
+The default configuration file is named ``config.yaml`` and uses the YAML
+format. For windows it is probably at::
+
+    %appdata%/python-escpos/config.yaml
+
+And for linux::
+
+    $HOME/.config/python-escpos/config.yaml
+
+If you aren't sure, run::
+
+    from escpos import config
+    c = config.Config()
+    c.load()
+
+If it can't find the configuration file in the default location, it will tell
+you where it's looking. You can always pass a path, or a list of paths, to
+the ``load()`` method.
+
+To load the configured printer, run::
+
+    from escpos import config
+    c = config.Config()
+    printer = c.printer()
+
+
+The printer section
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The ``printer`` configuration section defines a default printer to create.
+
+The only required paramter is ``type``. The value of this has to be one of the
+printers defined in :doc:`/user/printers`.
+
+The rest of the given parameters will be passed on to the initialization of the printer class.
+Use these to overwrite the default values as specified in :doc:`/user/printers`.
+This implies that the parameters have to match the parameter-names of the respective printer class.
+
+An example file printer::
+
+    printer:
+            type: File
+            devfile: /dev/someprinter
+
+And for a network printer::
+
+    printer:
+            type: Network
+            host: 127.0.0.1
+            port: 9000
+
+An USB-printer could be defined by::
+
+    printer:
+            type: Usb
+            idVendor: 0x1234
+            idProduct: 0x5678
+            in_ep: 0x66
+            out_ep: 0x01
+
+Printing text right
+-------------------
+Python-escpos is designed to accept unicode. So make sure that you use ``u'strings'`` or import ``unicode_literals``
+from ``__future__`` if you are on Python 2. On Python 3 you should be fine.
+
+For normal usage you can simply pass your text to the printers ``text()``-function. It will automatically guess
+the right codepage and then send the encoded data to the printer. If this feature does not work, please try to
+isolate the error and then create an issue on the Github project page.
+
+If you want or need to you can manually set the codepage. For this please use the ``charcode()``-function. You can set
+any key-value that is in ``CHARCODE``. If something is wrong, an ``CharCodeError`` will be raised.
+After you have manually set the codepage the printer won't change it anymore. You can revert to normal behaviour
+by setting charcode to ``AUTO``.
+
+Advanced Usage: Print from binary blob
+--------------------------------------
+
+Imagine you have a file with ESC/POS-commands in binary form. This could be useful for testing capabilities of your
+printer with a known working combination of commands.
+You can print this data with the following code, using the standard methods of python-escpos. (This is an
+advantage of the fact that `_raw()` accepts binary strings.)
+
+::
+
+    from escpos import printer
+    p = printer.Serial()  # adapt this to your printer model
+
+    file = open('binary-blob.bin', 'rb')  # read in the file containing your commands in binary-mode
+    data = file.read()
+    file.close()
+
+    p._raw(data)
+
+That's all, the printer should then print your data. You can also use this technique to let others reproduce an issue
+that you have found. (Just "print" your commands to a File-printer on your local filesystem.)
+However, please keep in mind, that often it is easier and better to just supply the code that you are using.
+
+Here you can download an example, that will print a set of common barcodes:
+
+    * :download:`barcode.bin </download/barcode.bin>` by `@mike42 <https://github.com/mike42>`_
+
+Advanced Usage: change capabilities-profile
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Packaged together with the escpos-code is a capabilities-file. This file in
+JSON-format describes the capabilities of different printers. It is developed and hosted in
+`escpos-printer-db <https://github.com/receipt-print-hq/escpos-printer-db>`_.
+
+Certain applications like the usage of `cx_freeze <https://cx-freeze.readthedocs.io>`_ might change the
+packaging structure. This leads to the capabilities-profile not being found.
+In this case you can use the environment-variable `ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE`.
+The following code is an example.
+
+.. code-block:: shell
+
+   # use packaged capabilities-profile
+   python-escpos cut
+
+   # use capabilities-profile that you have put in /usr/python-escpos
+   export ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE=/usr/python-escpos/capabilities.json
+   python-escpos cut
+
+   # use packaged file again
+   unset ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE
+   python-escpos cut
+
+
+Hint: preprocess printing
+-------------------------
+
+Printing images directly to the printer is rather slow.
+One factor that slows down the process is the transmission over e.g. serial port.
+
+Apart from configuring your printer to use the maximum baudrate (in the case of serial-printers), there is not much
+that you can do.
+However you could use the :py:class:`escpos.printer.Dummy`-printer to preprocess your image.
+This is probably best explained by an example:
+
+.. code-block:: Python
+
+   from escpos.printer import Serial, Dummy
+
+   p = Serial()
+   d = Dummy()
+
+   # create ESC/POS for the print job, this should go really fast
+   d.text('This is my image:\n')
+   d.image('funny_cat.png')
+   d.cut()
+
+   # send code to printer
+   p._raw(d.output)
+
+This way you could also store the code in a file and print it later.
+You could then for example print the code from another process than your main-program and thus reduce the waiting time.
+(Of course this will not make the printer print faster.)
+
+

escpos/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-__all__ = ["constants","escpos","exceptions","printer"]

escpos/constants.py

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-""" ESC/POS Commands (Constants) """
-
-# Feed control sequences
-CTL_LF     = '\x0a'              # Print and line feed
-CTL_FF     = '\x0c'              # Form feed
-CTL_CR     = '\x0d'              # Carriage return
-CTL_HT     = '\x09'              # Horizontal tab
-CTL_SET_HT = '\x1b\x44'          # Set horizontal tab positions
-CTL_VT     = '\x1b\x64\x04'      # Vertical tab
-# Printer hardware
-HW_INIT    = '\x1b\x40'          # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
-HW_SELECT  = '\x1b\x3d\x01'      # Printer select
-HW_RESET   = '\x1b\x3f\x0a\x00'  # Reset printer hardware
-# Cash Drawer
-CD_KICK_2  = '\x1b\x70\x00'      # Sends a pulse to pin 2 [] 
-CD_KICK_5  = '\x1b\x70\x01'      # Sends a pulse to pin 5 [] 
-# Paper
-PAPER_FULL_CUT  = '\x1d\x56\x00' # Full cut paper
-PAPER_PART_CUT  = '\x1d\x56\x01' # Partial cut paper
-# Text format   
-TXT_NORMAL      = '\x1b\x21\x00' # Normal text
-TXT_2HEIGHT     = '\x1b\x21\x10' # Double height text
-TXT_2WIDTH      = '\x1b\x21\x20' # Double width text
-TXT_UNDERL_OFF  = '\x1b\x2d\x00' # Underline font OFF
-TXT_UNDERL_ON   = '\x1b\x2d\x01' # Underline font 1-dot ON
-TXT_UNDERL2_ON  = '\x1b\x2d\x02' # Underline font 2-dot ON
-TXT_BOLD_OFF    = '\x1b\x45\x00' # Bold font OFF
-TXT_BOLD_ON     = '\x1b\x45\x01' # Bold font ON
-TXT_FONT_A      = '\x1b\x4d\x00' # Font type A
-TXT_FONT_B      = '\x1b\x4d\x01' # Font type B
-TXT_ALIGN_LT    = '\x1b\x61\x00' # Left justification
-TXT_ALIGN_CT    = '\x1b\x61\x01' # Centering
-TXT_ALIGN_RT    = '\x1b\x61\x02' # Right justification
-# Char code table
-CHARCODE_PC437  = '\x1b\x74\x00' # USA: Standard Europe
-CHARCODE_JIS    = '\x1b\x74\x01' # Japanese Katakana
-CHARCODE_PC850  = '\x1b\x74\x02' # Multilingual
-CHARCODE_PC860  = '\x1b\x74\x03' # Portuguese
-CHARCODE_PC863  = '\x1b\x74\x04' # Canadian-French
-CHARCODE_PC865  = '\x1b\x74\x05' # Nordic
-CHARCODE_WEU    = '\x1b\x74\x06' # Simplified Kanji, Hirakana
-CHARCODE_GREEK  = '\x1b\x74\x07' # Simplified Kanji
-CHARCODE_HEBREW = '\x1b\x74\x08' # Simplified Kanji
-CHARCODE_PC1252 = '\x1b\x74\x11' # Western European Windows Code Set
-CHARCODE_PC866  = '\x1b\x74\x12' # Cirillic #2
-CHARCODE_PC852  = '\x1b\x74\x13' # Latin 2
-CHARCODE_PC858  = '\x1b\x74\x14' # Euro
-CHARCODE_THAI42 = '\x1b\x74\x15' # Thai character code 42
-CHARCODE_THAI11 = '\x1b\x74\x16' # Thai character code 11
-CHARCODE_THAI13 = '\x1b\x74\x17' # Thai character code 13
-CHARCODE_THAI14 = '\x1b\x74\x18' # Thai character code 14
-CHARCODE_THAI16 = '\x1b\x74\x19' # Thai character code 16
-CHARCODE_THAI17 = '\x1b\x74\x1a' # Thai character code 17
-CHARCODE_THAI18 = '\x1b\x74\x1b' # Thai character code 18
-# Barcode format
-BARCODE_TXT_OFF = '\x1d\x48\x00' # HRI barcode chars OFF
-BARCODE_TXT_ABV = '\x1d\x48\x01' # HRI barcode chars above
-BARCODE_TXT_BLW = '\x1d\x48\x02' # HRI barcode chars below
-BARCODE_TXT_BTH = '\x1d\x48\x03' # HRI barcode chars both above and below
-BARCODE_FONT_A  = '\x1d\x66\x00' # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
-BARCODE_FONT_B  = '\x1d\x66\x01' # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
-BARCODE_HEIGHT  = '\x1d\x68\x64' # Barcode Height [1-255]
-BARCODE_WIDTH   = '\x1d\x77\x03' # Barcode Width  [2-6]
-BARCODE_UPC_A   = '\x1d\x6b\x00' # Barcode type UPC-A
-BARCODE_UPC_E   = '\x1d\x6b\x01' # Barcode type UPC-E
-BARCODE_EAN13   = '\x1d\x6b\x02' # Barcode type EAN13
-BARCODE_EAN8    = '\x1d\x6b\x03' # Barcode type EAN8
-BARCODE_CODE39  = '\x1d\x6b\x04' # Barcode type CODE39
-BARCODE_ITF     = '\x1d\x6b\x05' # Barcode type ITF
-BARCODE_NW7     = '\x1d\x6b\x06' # Barcode type NW7
-# Image format  
-S_RASTER_N      = '\x1d\x76\x30\x00' # Set raster image normal size
-S_RASTER_2W     = '\x1d\x76\x30\x01' # Set raster image double width
-S_RASTER_2H     = '\x1d\x76\x30\x02' # Set raster image double height
-S_RASTER_Q      = '\x1d\x76\x30\x03' # Set raster image quadruple

escpos/escpos.py

@@ -1,331 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-"""
-@author: Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
-@organization: Bashlinux
-@copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
-@license: GPL
-"""
-
-try:
-    import Image
-except ImportError:
-    from PIL import Image
-
-import qrcode
-import time
-
-from constants import *
-from exceptions import *
-
-class Escpos:
-    """ ESC/POS Printer object """
-    device    = None
-
-
-    def _check_image_size(self, size):
-        """ Check and fix the size of the image to 32 bits """
-        if size % 32 == 0:
-            return (0, 0)
-        else:
-            image_border = 32 - (size % 32)
-            if (image_border % 2) == 0:
-                return (image_border / 2, image_border / 2)
-            else:
-                return (image_border / 2, (image_border / 2) + 1)
-
-
-    def _print_image(self, line, size):
-        """ Print formatted image """
-        i = 0
-        cont = 0
-        buffer = ""
-       
-        self._raw(S_RASTER_N)
-        buffer = "%02X%02X%02X%02X" % (((size[0]/size[1])/8), 0, size[1], 0)
-        self._raw(buffer.decode('hex'))
-        buffer = ""
-
-        while i < len(line):
-            hex_string = int(line[i:i+8],2)
-            buffer += "%02X" % hex_string
-            i += 8
-            cont += 1
-            if cont % 4 == 0:
-                self._raw(buffer.decode("hex"))
-                buffer = ""
-                cont = 0
-
-
-    def _convert_image(self, im):
-        """ Parse image and prepare it to a printable format """
-        pixels   = []
-        pix_line = ""
-        im_left  = ""
-        im_right = ""
-        switch   = 0
-        img_size = [ 0, 0 ]
-
-
-        if im.size[0] > 512:
-            print  ("WARNING: Image is wider than 512 and could be truncated at print time ")
-        if im.size[1] > 255:
-            raise ImageSizeError()
-
-        im_border = self._check_image_size(im.size[0])
-        for i in range(im_border[0]):
-            im_left += "0"
-        for i in range(im_border[1]):
-            im_right += "0"
-
-        for y in range(im.size[1]):
-            img_size[1] += 1
-            pix_line += im_left
-            img_size[0] += im_border[0]
-            for x in range(im.size[0]):
-                img_size[0] += 1
-                RGB = im.getpixel((x, y))
-                im_color = (RGB[0] + RGB[1] + RGB[2])
-                im_pattern = "1X0"
-                pattern_len = len(im_pattern)
-                switch = (switch - 1 ) * (-1)
-                for x in range(pattern_len):
-                    if im_color <= (255 * 3 / pattern_len * (x+1)):
-                        if im_pattern[x] == "X":
-                            pix_line += "%d" % switch
-                        else:
-                            pix_line += im_pattern[x]
-                        break
-                    elif im_color > (255 * 3 / pattern_len * pattern_len) and im_color <= (255 * 3):
-                        pix_line += im_pattern[-1]
-                        break 
-            pix_line += im_right
-            img_size[0] += im_border[1]
-
-        self._print_image(pix_line, img_size)
-
-
-    def image(self,path_img):
-        """ Open image file """
-        im_open = Image.open(path_img)
-        im = im_open.convert("RGB")
-        # Convert the RGB image in printable image
-        self._convert_image(im)
-
-
-    def qr(self,text):
-        """ Print QR Code for the provided string """
-        qr_code = qrcode.QRCode(version=4, box_size=4, border=1)
-        qr_code.add_data(text)
-        qr_code.make(fit=True)
-        qr_img = qr_code.make_image()
-        im = qr_img._img.convert("RGB")
-        # Convert the RGB image in printable image
-        self._convert_image(im)
-
-
-    def charcode(self,code):
-        """ Set Character Code Table """
-        if code.upper() == "USA":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC437)
-        elif code.upper() == "JIS":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_JIS)
-        elif code.upper() == "MULTILINGUAL":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC850)
-        elif code.upper() == "PORTUGUESE":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC860)
-        elif code.upper() == "CA_FRENCH":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC863)
-        elif code.upper() == "NORDIC":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC865)
-        elif code.upper() == "WEST_EUROPE":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_WEU)
-        elif code.upper() == "GREEK":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_GREEK)
-        elif code.upper() == "HEBREW":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_HEBREW)
-        elif code.upper() == "LATVIAN":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC755)
-        elif code.upper() == "WPC1252":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC1252)
-        elif code.upper() == "CIRILLIC2":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC866)
-        elif code.upper() == "LATIN2":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC852)
-        elif code.upper() == "EURO":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_PC858)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI42":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI42)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI11":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI11)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI13":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI13)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI14":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI14)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI16":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI16)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI17":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI17)
-        elif code.upper() == "THAI18":
-            self._raw(CHARCODE_THAI18)
-        else:
-            raise CharCode_error()
-
-    def barcode(self, code, bc, width, height, pos, font):
-        """ Print Barcode """
-        # Align Bar Code()
-        self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_CT)
-        # Height
-        if height >=2 or height <=6:
-            self._raw(BARCODE_HEIGHT)
-        else:
-            raise BarcodeSizeError()
-        # Width
-        if width >= 1 or width <=255:
-            self._raw(BARCODE_WIDTH)
-        else:
-            raise BarcodeSizeError()
-        # Font
-        if font.upper() == "B":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_FONT_B)
-        else: # DEFAULT FONT: A
-            self._raw(BARCODE_FONT_A)
-        # Position
-        if pos.upper() == "OFF":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_OFF)
-        elif pos.upper() == "BOTH":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_BTH)
-        elif pos.upper() == "ABOVE":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_ABV)
-        else:  # DEFAULT POSITION: BELOW 
-            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_BLW)
-        # Type 
-        if bc.upper() == "UPC-A":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_UPC_A)
-        elif bc.upper() == "UPC-E":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_UPC_E)
-        elif bc.upper() == "EAN13":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_EAN13)
-        elif bc.upper() == "EAN8":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_EAN8)
-        elif bc.upper() == "CODE39":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_CODE39)
-        elif bc.upper() == "ITF":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_ITF)
-        elif bc.upper() == "NW7":
-            self._raw(BARCODE_NW7)
-        else:
-            raise BarcodeTypeError()
-        # Print Code
-        if code:
-            self._raw(code)
-        else:
-            raise exception.BarcodeCodeError()
-
-        
-    def text(self, txt):
-        """ Print alpha-numeric text """
-        if txt:
-            self._raw(txt)
-        else:
-            raise TextError()
-
-
-    def set(self, align='left', font='a', type='normal', width=1, height=1):
-        """ Set text properties """
-        # Width
-        if height == 2 and width == 2:
-            self._raw(TXT_2WIDTH)
-            self._raw(TXT_2HEIGHT)
-        elif height == 2 and width != 2:
-            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
-            self._raw(TXT_2HEIGHT)
-        elif width == 2 and height != 2:
-            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
-            self._raw(TXT_2WIDTH)
-        else: # DEFAULT SIZE: NORMAL
-            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
-        # Type
-        if type.upper() == "B":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_OFF)
-        elif type.upper() == "U":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_ON)
-        elif type.upper() == "U2":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL2_ON)
-            self._raw(TXT_ITALIC_OFF)
-        elif type.upper() == "BU":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_ON)
-        elif type.upper() == "BU2":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_ON)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL2_ON)
-        elif type.upper == "NORMAL":
-            self._raw(TXT_BOLD_OFF)
-            self._raw(TXT_UNDERL_OFF)
-        # Font
-        if font.upper() == "B":
-            self._raw(TXT_FONT_B)
-        else:  # DEFAULT FONT: A
-            self._raw(TXT_FONT_A)
-        # Align
-        if align.upper() == "CENTER":
-            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_CT)
-        elif align.upper() == "RIGHT":
-            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_RT)
-        elif align.upper() == "LEFT":
-            self._raw(TXT_ALIGN_LT)
-
-
-    def cut(self, mode=''):
-        """ Cut paper """
-        # Fix the size between last line and cut
-        # TODO: handle this with a line feed
-        self._raw("\n\n\n\n\n\n")
-        if mode.upper() == "PART":
-            self._raw(PAPER_PART_CUT)
-        else: # DEFAULT MODE: FULL CUT
-            self._raw(PAPER_FULL_CUT)
-
-
-    def cashdraw(self, pin):
-        """ Send pulse to kick the cash drawer """
-        if pin == 2:
-            self._raw(CD_KICK_2)
-        elif pin == 5:
-            self._raw(CD_KICK_5)
-        else:
-            raise CashDrawerError()
-
-
-    def hw(self, hw):
-        """ Hardware operations """
-        if hw.upper() == "INIT":
-            self._raw(HW_INIT)
-        elif hw.upper() == "SELECT":
-            self._raw(HW_SELECT)
-        elif hw.upper() == "RESET":
-            self._raw(HW_RESET)
-        else: # DEFAULT: DOES NOTHING
-            pass
-
-
-    def control(self, ctl, pos=4):
-        """ Feed control sequences """
-        # Set tab positions
-        if pos < 1 or pos > 16:
-            raise TabError()
-        else:
-            self._raw("".join([CTL_SET_HT,hex(pos)]))
-        # Set position
-        if ctl.upper() == "LF":
-            self._raw(CTL_LF)
-        elif ctl.upper() == "FF":
-            self._raw(CTL_FF)
-        elif ctl.upper() == "CR":
-            self._raw(CTL_CR)
-        elif ctl.upper() == "HT":
-            self._raw(CTL_HT)
-        elif ctl.upper() == "VT":
-            self._raw(CTL_VT)

escpos/exceptions.py

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-""" ESC/POS Exceptions classes """
-
-import os
-
-class Error(Exception):
-    """ Base class for ESC/POS errors """
-    def __init__(self, msg, status=None):
-        Exception.__init__(self)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 1
-        if status is not None:
-            self.resultcode = status
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return self.msg
-
-# Result/Exit codes
-# 0  = success
-# 10 = No Barcode type defined
-# 20 = Barcode size values are out of range
-# 30 = Barcode text not supplied
-# 40 = Image height is too large
-# 50 = No string supplied to be printed
-# 60 = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse
-# 70 = Invalid number of tab positions
-# 80 = Invalid char code
-
-
-class BarcodeTypeError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 10
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "No Barcode type is defined"
-
-class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 20
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Barcode size is out of range"
-
-class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 30
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Code was not supplied"
-
-class ImageSizeError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 40
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed"
-
-class TextError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 50
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Text string must be supplied to the text() method"
-
-
-class CashDrawerError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 60
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid pin must be set to send pulse"
-
-
-class TabError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 70
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16"
-
-
-class CharCodeError(Error):
-    def __init__(self, msg=""):
-        Error.__init__(self, msg)
-        self.msg = msg
-        self.resultcode = 70
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return "Valid char code must be set"

escpos/printer.py

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
-"""
-@author: Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>
-@organization: Bashlinux
-@copyright: Copyright (c) 2012 Bashlinux
-@license: GPL
-"""
-
-import usb.core
-import usb.util
-import serial
-import socket
-
-from escpos import *
-from constants import *
-from exceptions import *
-
-class Usb(Escpos):
-    """ Define USB printer """
-
-    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, interface=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01):
-        """
-        @param idVendor  : Vendor ID
-        @param idProduct : Product ID
-        @param interface : USB device interface
-        @param in_ep     : Input end point
-        @param out_ep    : Output end point
-        """
-        self.idVendor  = idVendor
-        self.idProduct = idProduct
-        self.interface = interface
-        self.in_ep     = in_ep
-        self.out_ep    = out_ep
-	self.open()
-
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Search device on USB tree and set is as escpos device """
-        self.device = usb.core.find(idVendor=self.idVendor, idProduct=self.idProduct)
-        if self.device is None:
-            print "Cable isn't plugged in"
-
-        if self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0):
-            try:
-                self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
-            except usb.core.USBError as e:
-                print "Could not detatch kernel driver: %s" % str(e)
-
-        try:
-            self.device.set_configuration()
-            self.device.reset()
-        except usb.core.USBError as e:
-            print "Could not set configuration: %s" % str(e)
-
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format """
-        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.interface)
-
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        """ Release USB interface """
-        if self.device:
-            usb.util.dispose_resources(self.device)
-        self.device = None
-
-
-
-class Serial(Escpos):
-    """ Define Serial printer """
-
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/ttyS0", baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, timeout=1):
-        """
-        @param devfile  : Device file under dev filesystem
-        @param baudrate : Baud rate for serial transmission
-        @param bytesize : Serial buffer size
-        @param timeout  : Read/Write timeout
-        """
-        self.devfile  = devfile
-        self.baudrate = baudrate
-        self.bytesize = bytesize
-        self.timeout  = timeout
-        self.open()
-
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Setup serial port and set is as escpos device """
-        self.device = serial.Serial(port=self.devfile, baudrate=self.baudrate, bytesize=self.bytesize, parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE, timeout=self.timeout, dsrdtr=True)
-
-        if self.device is not None:
-            print "Serial printer enabled"
-        else:
-            print "Unable to open serial printer on: %s" % self.devfile
-
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format """
-        self.device.write(msg)
-
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        """ Close Serial interface """
-        if self.device is not None:
-            self.device.close()
-
-
-
-class Network(Escpos):
-    """ Define Network printer """
-
-    def __init__(self,host,port=9100):
-        """
-        @param host : Printer's hostname or IP address
-        @param port : Port to write to
-        """
-        self.host = host
-        self.port = port
-        self.open()
-
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Open TCP socket and set it as escpos device """
-        self.device = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print "Could not open socket for %s" % self.host
-
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format """
-        self.device.send(msg)
-
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        """ Close TCP connection """
-        self.device.close()
-
-
-
-class File(Escpos):
-    """ Define Generic file printer """
-
-    def __init__(self, devfile="/dev/usb/lp0"):
-        """
-        @param devfile : Device file under dev filesystem
-        """
-        self.devfile = devfile
-        self.open()
-
-
-    def open(self):
-        """ Open system file """
-	self.device = open(self.devfile, "wb")
-
-        if self.device is None:
-            print "Could not open the specified file %s" % self.devfile
-
-
-    def _raw(self, msg):
-        """ Print any command sent in raw format """
-        self.device.write(msg);
-
-
-    def __del__(self):
-        """ Close system file """
-        self.device.close()

examples/barcodes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile='POS-5890')
+
+# Print software and then hardware barcode with the same content
+p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')
+p.text('\n')
+p.text('\n')
+p.barcode('123456', 'CODE39')

examples/codepage_tables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Prints code page tables.
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import sys
+
+from escpos import printer
+from escpos.constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE, CTL_CR, CTL_FF, CTL_HT, CTL_LF, CTL_VT, ESC
+
+import six
+
+
+def main():
+    dummy = printer.Dummy()
+
+    dummy.hw('init')
+
+    for codepage in sys.argv[1:] or ['USA']:
+        dummy.set(height=2, width=2)
+        dummy._raw(codepage + '\n\n\n')
+        print_codepage(dummy, codepage)
+        dummy._raw('\n\n')
+
+    dummy.cut()
+
+    print(dummy.output)
+
+
+def print_codepage(printer, codepage):
+    if codepage.isdigit():
+        codepage = int(codepage)
+        printer._raw(CODEPAGE_CHANGE + six.int2byte(codepage))
+        printer._raw('after')
+    else:
+        printer.charcode(codepage)
+
+    sep = ''
+
+    # Table header
+    printer.set(font='b')
+    printer._raw('  {}\n'.format(sep.join(map(lambda s: hex(s)[2:], range(0, 16)))))
+    printer.set()
+
+    # The table
+    for x in range(0, 16):
+        # First column
+        printer.set(font='b')
+        printer._raw('{} '.format(hex(x)[2:]))
+        printer.set()
+
+        for y in range(0, 16):
+            byte = six.int2byte(x * 16 + y)
+
+            if byte in (ESC, CTL_LF, CTL_FF, CTL_CR, CTL_HT, CTL_VT):
+                byte = ' '
+
+            printer._raw(byte)
+            printer._raw(sep)
+        printer._raw('\n')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

examples/graphics/climacons/readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Climacons by Adam Whitcroft
+
+75 climatically categorised pictographs for web and UI design by [@adamwhitcroft](http://www.twitter.com/#!/adamwhitcroft).
+
+Visit the [Climacons](http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/) website for more information.
+
+Visit [Adam Whitcroft on GitHub](https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft)
+
+## License
+You are free to use any of the Climacons Icons (the "icons") in any personal or commercial work without obligation of payment (monetary or otherwise) or attribution, however a credit for the work would be appreciated. **Do not** redistribute or sell and **do not** claim creative credit. Intellectual property rights are not transferred with the download of the icons.

examples/qr_code.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import sys
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+def usage():
+    print('usage: qr_code.py <content>')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        usage()
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    content = sys.argv[1]
+
+    # Adapt to your needs
+    p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile='POS-5890')
+    p.qr(content, center=True)

examples/software_barcode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+p = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile='POS-5890')
+
+# Some software barcodes
+p.soft_barcode('code128', 'Hello')
+p.soft_barcode('code39', '123456')

examples/weather.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Adapted script from Adafruit
+# Weather forecast for Raspberry Pi w/Adafruit Mini Thermal Printer.
+# Retrieves data from DarkSky.net's API, prints current conditions and
+# forecasts for next two days.
+# Weather example using nice bitmaps.
+# Written by Adafruit Industries.  MIT license.
+# Adapted and enhanced for escpos library by MrWunderbar666
+
+# Icons taken from http://adamwhitcroft.com/climacons/
+# Check out his github: https://github.com/AdamWhitcroft/climacons
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import calendar
+import json
+import os
+import time
+import urllib
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from escpos.printer import Usb
+
+""" Setting up the main pathing """
+this_dir, this_filename = os.path.split(__file__)
+GRAPHICS_PATH = os.path.join(this_dir, 'graphics/climacons/')
+
+# Adapt to your needs
+printer = Usb(0x0416, 0x5011, profile='POS-5890')
+
+# You can get your API Key on www.darksky.net and register a dev account.
+# Technically you can use any other weather service, of course :)
+API_KEY = 'YOUR API KEY'
+
+LAT = '22.345490'       # Your Location
+LONG = '114.189945'     # Your Location
+
+
+def forecast_icon(idx):
+    icon = data['daily']['data'][idx]['icon']
+    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + '.png'
+    return image
+
+
+# Dumps one forecast line to the printer
+def forecast(idx):
+    date = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(data['daily']['data'][idx]['time']))
+    day = calendar.day_name[date.weekday()]
+    lo = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMin']
+    hi = data['daily']['data'][idx]['temperatureMax']
+    cond = data['daily']['data'][idx]['summary']
+    print(date)
+    print(day)
+    print(lo)
+    print(hi)
+    print(cond)
+    time.sleep(1)
+    printer.set(
+        font='a',
+        height=2,
+        align='left',
+        bold=False,
+        double_height=False)
+    printer.text(day + ' \n ')
+    time.sleep(5)           # Sleep to prevent printer buffer overflow
+    printer.text('\n')
+    printer.image(forecast_icon(idx))
+    printer.text('low ' + str(lo))
+    printer.text(deg)
+    printer.text('\n')
+    printer.text(' high ' + str(hi))
+    printer.text(deg)
+    printer.text('\n')
+    # take care of pesky unicode dash
+    printer.text(cond.replace(u'\u2013', '-').encode('utf-8'))
+    printer.text('\n \n')
+
+
+def icon():
+    icon = data['currently']['icon']
+    image = GRAPHICS_PATH + icon + '.png'
+    return image
+
+
+deg = ' C'      # Degree symbol on thermal printer, need to find a better way to use a proper degree symbol
+
+# if you want Fahrenheit change units= to 'us'
+url = 'https://api.darksky.net/forecast/' + API_KEY + '/' + LAT + ',' + LONG + \
+    '?exclude=[alerts,minutely,hourly,flags]&units=si'  # change last bit to 'us' for Fahrenheit
+response = urllib.urlopen(url)
+data = json.loads(response.read())
+
+printer.print_and_feed(n=1)
+printer.control('LF')
+printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=True)
+printer.text('Weather Forecast')
+printer.text('\n')
+printer.set(align='center')
+
+
+# Print current conditions
+printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text('Current conditions: \n')
+printer.image(icon())
+printer.text('\n')
+
+printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='left', bold=False, double_height=False)
+temp = data['currently']['temperature']
+cond = data['currently']['summary']
+printer.text(temp)
+printer.text(' ')
+printer.text(deg)
+printer.text(' ')
+printer.text('\n')
+printer.text('Sky: ' + cond)
+printer.text('\n')
+printer.text('\n')
+
+# Print forecast
+printer.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', bold=True, double_height=False)
+printer.text('Forecast: \n')
+forecast(0)
+forecast(1)
+printer.cut()
+printer.control('LF')

readthedocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+formats:
+  - pdf
+  - epub
+requirements_file: doc/requirements.txt
+python:
+  version: 2
+  setup_py_install: true

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-e .

setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[nosetests]
+verbosity=3
+with-doctest=1
+
+[bdist_wheel]
+# This flag says that the code is written to work on both Python 2 and Python 3.
+universal=1
+
+[flake8]
+exclude = .git,.tox,.github,.eggs,__pycache__,doc/conf.py,build,dist,capabilities-data,test,src/escpos/constants.py
+max-line-length = 120
+accept-encoding = utf-8, utf-16
+require-code = True
+# FI12 __future__ import "with_statement" missing
+# FI15 __future__ import "generator_stop" missing
+# FI16 __future__ import "nested_scopes" missing
+# FI17 __future__ import "generators" missing
+# FI5x __future__ import "xxx" present
+# I101 Imported names are in the wrong order.
+ignore = FI12,FI15,FI16,FI17,FI5, I101
+copyright-check = True

setup.py

@@ -1,29 +1,120 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+# from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
+
+
+base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
+src_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'src')
+
+# When executing the setup.py, we need to be able to import ourselves, this
+# means that we need to add the src/ directory to the sys.path.
+sys.path.insert(0, src_dir)
+
+
+def read(fname):
+    """read file from same path as setup.py"""
+    return open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), fname)).read()
+
+
+setuptools_scm_template = """\
+# coding: utf-8
+# file generated by setuptools_scm
+# don't change, don't track in version control
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+version = '{version}'
+"""
 
-from distutils.core import setup
 
 setup(
-    name='escpos',
+    name='python-escpos',
-    version='1.0.4',
+    use_scm_version={
-    url='http://code.google.com/p/python-escpos',
+        'write_to': 'src/escpos/version.py',
-    download_url='http://python-escpos.googlecode.com/files/python-escpos-1.0.zip',
+        'write_to_template': setuptools_scm_template,
+    },
+    url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos',
+    download_url='https://github.com/python-escpos/python-escpos/archive/master.zip',
     description='Python library to manipulate ESC/POS Printers',
-    license='GNU GPL v3',
+    license='MIT',
-    long_description=open('README').read(),
+    long_description=read('README.rst'),
-    author='Manuel F Martinez',
+    author='Manuel F Martinez and others',
     author_email='manpaz@bashlinux.com',
-    platforms=['linux'],
+    maintainer='Patrick Kanzler',
-    packages=[
+    maintainer_email='dev@pkanzler.de',
-        'escpos',
+    keywords=[
+        'ESC/POS',
+        'thermoprinter',
+        'voucher printer',
+        'printing',
+        'receipt,',
     ],
-    package_data={'': ['COPYING']},
+    platforms='any',
+    package_dir={'': 'src'},
+    packages=find_packages(where='src', exclude=['tests', 'tests.*']),
+    package_data={'': ['COPYING', 'src/escpos/capabilities.json']},
+    include_package_data=True,
     classifiers=[
-        'Development Status :: 1 - Alpha',
+        'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU GPL v3',
+        'Environment :: Console',
-        'Operating System :: GNU/Linux',
         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
+        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
         'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Topic :: System :: Pheripherals',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
         'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules',
+        'Topic :: Office/Business :: Financial :: Point-Of-Sale',
     ],
+    install_requires=[
+        'pyusb>=1.0.0',
+        'Pillow>=2.0',
+        'qrcode>=4.0',
+        'pyserial',
+        'six',
+        'appdirs',
+        'PyYAML',
+        'argparse',
+        'argcomplete',
+        'future',
+        'viivakoodi>=0.8'
+    ],
+    setup_requires=[
+        'setuptools_scm',
+    ],
+    tests_require=[
+        'jaconv',
+        'tox',
+        'pytest!=3.2.0,!=3.3.0',
+        'pytest-cov',
+        'pytest-mock',
+        'nose',
+        'scripttest',
+        'mock',
+        'hypothesis!=3.56.9',
+        'flake8'
+    ],
+    entry_points={
+        'console_scripts': [
+            'python-escpos = escpos.cli:main'
+        ]
+    },
 )

src/escpos/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+python-escpos enables you to manipulate escpos-printers
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+__all__ = ['constants', 'escpos', 'exceptions', 'printer']
+
+try:
+    from .version import version as __version__  # noqa
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    raise ImportError(
+        'Failed to find (autogenerated) version.py. '
+        'This might be because you are installing from GitHub\'s tarballs, '
+        'use the PyPI ones.'
+    )

src/escpos/capabilities.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../capabilities-data/dist/capabilities.json

src/escpos/capabilities.py

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import logging
+import pickle
+import platform
+import re
+import time
+from os import environ, path
+from tempfile import gettempdir
+
+import six
+
+import yaml
+
+logging.basicConfig()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+pickle_dir = environ.get('ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_PICKLE_DIR', gettempdir())
+pickle_path = path.join(pickle_dir, '{v}.capabilities.pickle'.format(v=platform.python_version()))
+capabilities_path = environ.get(
+    'ESCPOS_CAPABILITIES_FILE',
+    path.join(path.dirname(__file__), 'capabilities.json'))
+
+# Load external printer database
+t0 = time.time()
+logger.debug('Using capabilities from file: %s', capabilities_path)
+if path.exists(pickle_path):
+    if path.getmtime(capabilities_path) > path.getmtime(pickle_path):
+        logger.debug('Found a more recent capabilities file')
+        full_load = True
+    else:
+        full_load = False
+        logger.debug('Loading capabilities from pickle in %s', pickle_path)
+        with open(pickle_path, 'rb') as cf:
+            CAPABILITIES = pickle.load(cf)
+else:
+    logger.debug('Capabilities pickle file not found: %s', pickle_path)
+    full_load = True
+
+if full_load:
+    logger.debug('Loading and pickling capabilities')
+    with open(capabilities_path) as cp, open(pickle_path, 'wb') as pp:
+        CAPABILITIES = yaml.load(cp)
+        pickle.dump(CAPABILITIES, pp, protocol=2)
+
+logger.debug('Finished loading capabilities took %.2fs', time.time() - t0)
+
+
+PROFILES = CAPABILITIES['profiles']
+
+
+class NotSupported(Exception):
+    """Raised if a requested feature is not supported by the
+    printer profile.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+BARCODE_B = 'barcodeB'
+
+
+class BaseProfile(object):
+    """This respresents a printer profile.
+
+    A printer profile knows about the number of columns, supported
+    features, colors and more.
+    """
+
+    profile_data = {}
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return self.profile_data[name]
+
+    def get_font(self, font):
+        """Return the escpos index for `font`. Makes sure that
+        the requested `font` is valid.
+        """
+        font = {'a': 0, 'b': 1}.get(font, font)
+        if not six.text_type(font) in self.fonts:
+            raise NotSupported(
+                '"{}" is not a valid font in the current profile'.format(font))
+        return font
+
+    def get_columns(self, font):
+        """ Return the number of columns for the given font.
+        """
+        font = self.get_font(font)
+        return self.fonts[six.text_type(font)]['columns']
+
+    def supports(self, feature):
+        """Return true/false for the given feature.
+        """
+        return self.features.get(feature)
+
+    def get_code_pages(self):
+        """Return the support code pages as a ``{name: index}`` dict.
+        """
+        return {v: k for k, v in self.codePages.items()}
+
+
+def get_profile(name=None, **kwargs):
+    """Get the profile by name; if no name is given, return the
+    default profile.
+    """
+    if isinstance(name, Profile):
+        return name
+
+    clazz = get_profile_class(name or 'default')
+    return clazz(**kwargs)
+
+
+CLASS_CACHE = {}
+
+
+def get_profile_class(name):
+    """For the given profile name, load the data from the external
+    database, then generate dynamically a class.
+    """
+    if name not in CLASS_CACHE:
+        profile_data = PROFILES[name]
+        profile_name = clean(name)
+        class_name = '{}{}Profile'.format(
+            profile_name[0].upper(), profile_name[1:])
+        new_class = type(class_name, (BaseProfile,), {'profile_data': profile_data})
+        CLASS_CACHE[name] = new_class
+
+    return CLASS_CACHE[name]
+
+
+def clean(s):
+    # Remove invalid characters
+    s = re.sub('[^0-9a-zA-Z_]', '', s)
+    # Remove leading characters until we find a letter or underscore
+    s = re.sub('^[^a-zA-Z_]+', '', s)
+    return str(s)
+
+
+class Profile(get_profile_class('default')):
+    """
+    For users, who want to provide their profile
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, columns=None, features=None):
+        super(Profile, self).__init__()
+
+        self.columns = columns
+        self.features = features or {}
+
+    def get_columns(self, font):
+        if self.columns is not None:
+            return self.columns
+
+        return super(Profile, self).get_columns(font)

src/escpos/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
+""" CLI
+
+This module acts as a command line interface for python-escpos. It mirrors
+closely the available ESCPOS commands while adding a couple extra ones for convience.
+
+It requires you to have a configuration file. See documentation for details.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import argcomplete
+except ImportError:
+    # this CLI works nevertheless without argcomplete
+    pass  # noqa
+import six
+
+from . import config
+from . import version
+
+
+# Must be defined before it's used in DEMO_FUNCTIONS
+def str_to_bool(string):
+    """ Used as a type in argparse so that we get back a proper
+    bool instead of always True
+    """
+    return string.lower() in ('y', 'yes', '1', 'true')
+
+
+# A list of functions that work better with a newline to be sent after them.
+REQUIRES_NEWLINE = ('qr', 'barcode', 'text', 'block_text')
+
+
+# Used in demo method
+# Key: The name of escpos function and the argument passed on the CLI. Some
+#   manual translation is done in the case of barcodes_a -> barcode.
+# Value: A list of dictionaries to pass to the escpos function as arguments.
+DEMO_FUNCTIONS = {
+    'text': [
+        {'txt': 'Hello, World!\n', }
+    ],
+    'qr': [
+        {'content': 'This tests a QR code'},
+        {'content': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/'}
+    ],
+    'barcodes_a': [
+        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576'},
+        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST'},
+        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103'},
+        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A'},
+    ],
+    'barcodes_b': [
+        {'bc': 'UPC-A', 'code': '13243546576', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'UPC-E', 'code': '132435', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN13', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'EAN8', 'code': '1324354', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE39', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'ITF', 'code': '55867492279103', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'NW7', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': 'A00000000A', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE93', 'code': '1324354657687', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE128A', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE128B', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'CODE128C', 'code': 'TEST', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'GS1-128', 'code': '00123456780000000001', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Truncated', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Limited', 'code': '0000000000000', 'function_type': 'B'},
+        {'bc': 'GS1 DataBar Expanded', 'code': '00AAAAAAA', 'function_type': 'B'},
+    ],
+}
+
+# Used to build the CLI
+# A list of dictionaries. Each dict is a CLI argument.
+# Keys:
+# parser: A dict of args for command_parsers.add_parser
+# defaults: A dict of args for subparser.set_defaults
+# arguments: A list of dicts of args for subparser.add_argument
+ESCPOS_COMMANDS = [
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'qr',
+            'help': 'Print a QR code',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'qr',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--content',),
+                'help': 'Text to print as a qr code',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--size',),
+                'help': 'QR code size (1-16) [default:3]',
+                'required': False,
+                'type': int,
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'barcode',
+            'help': 'Print a barcode',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'barcode',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--code',),
+                'help': 'Barcode data to print',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--bc',),
+                'help': 'Barcode format',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--height',),
+                'help': 'Barcode height in px',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--width',),
+                'help': 'Barcode width',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
+                'help': 'Label position',
+                'choices': ['BELOW', 'ABOVE', 'BOTH', 'OFF'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--font',),
+                'help': 'Label font',
+                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--align_ct',),
+                'help': 'Align barcode center',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--function_type',),
+                'help': 'ESCPOS function type',
+                'choices': ['A', 'B'],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'text',
+            'help': 'Print plain text',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'text',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
+                'help': 'Plain text to print',
+                'required': True,
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'block_text',
+            'help': 'Print wrapped text',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'block_text',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--txt',),
+                'help': 'block_text to print',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--columns',),
+                'help': 'Number of columns',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'cut',
+            'help': 'Cut the paper',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'cut',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--mode',),
+                'help': 'Type of cut',
+                'choices': ['FULL', 'PART'],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'cashdraw',
+            'help': 'Kick the cash drawer',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'cashdraw',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--pin',),
+                'help': 'Which PIN to kick',
+                'choices': [2, 5],
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'image',
+            'help': 'Print an image',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'image',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--img_source',),
+                'help': 'Path to image',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--impl',),
+                'help': 'Implementation to use',
+                'choices': ['bitImageRaster', 'bitImageColumn', 'graphics'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--high_density_horizontal',),
+                'help': 'Image density (horizontal)',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--high_density_vertical',),
+                'help': 'Image density (vertical)',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'fullimage',
+            'help': 'Print a fullimage',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'fullimage',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--img',),
+                'help': 'Path to img',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--max_height',),
+                'help': 'Max height of image in px',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--width',),
+                'help': 'Max width of image in px',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--histeq',),
+                'help': 'Equalize the histrogram',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--bandsize',),
+                'help': 'Size of bands to divide into when printing',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'charcode',
+            'help': 'Set character code table',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'charcode',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--code',),
+                'help': 'Character code',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'set',
+            'help': 'Set text properties',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'set',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--align',),
+                'help': 'Horizontal alignment',
+                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--font',),
+                'help': 'Font choice',
+                'choices': ['left', 'center', 'right'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--text_type',),
+                'help': 'Text properties',
+                'choices': ['B', 'U', 'U2', 'BU', 'BU2', 'NORMAL'],
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--width',),
+                'help': 'Width multiplier',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--height',),
+                'help': 'Height multiplier',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--density',),
+                'help': 'Print density',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--invert',),
+                'help': 'White on black printing',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--smooth',),
+                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--flip',),
+                'help': 'Text smoothing. Effective on >:  4x4 text',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'hw',
+            'help': 'Hardware operations',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'hw',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--hw',),
+                'help': 'Operation',
+                'choices': ['INIT', 'SELECT', 'RESET'],
+                'required': True,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'control',
+            'help': 'Control sequences',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'control',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--ctl',),
+                'help': 'Control sequence',
+                'choices': ['LF', 'FF', 'CR', 'HT', 'VT'],
+                'required': True,
+            },
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--pos',),
+                'help': 'Horizontal tab position (1-4)',
+                'type': int,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'panel_buttons',
+            'help': 'Controls panel buttons',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': 'panel_buttons',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--enable',),
+                'help': 'Feed button enabled',
+                'type': str_to_bool,
+                'required': True,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        'parser': {
+            'name': 'raw',
+            'help': 'Raw data',
+        },
+        'defaults': {
+            'func': '_raw',
+        },
+        'arguments': [
+            {
+                'option_strings': ('--msg',),
+                'help': 'Raw data to send',
+                'required': True,
+            },
+        ],
+    },
+]
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+
+    Handles loading of configuration and creating and processing of command
+    line arguments. Called when run from a CLI.
+
+    """
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='CLI for python-escpos',
+        epilog='Printer configuration is defined in the python-escpos config'
+        'file. See documentation for details.',
+    )
+
+    parser.register('type', 'bool', str_to_bool)
+
+    # Allow config file location to be passed
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-c', '--config',
+        help='Alternate path to the configuration file',
+    )
+
+    # Everything interesting runs off of a subparser so we can use the format
+    # cli [subparser] -args
+    command_subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(
+        title='ESCPOS Command',
+        dest='parser',
+    )
+    # fix inconsistencies in the behaviour of some versions of argparse
+    command_subparsers.required = False   # force 'required' testing
+
+    # Build the ESCPOS command arguments
+    for command in ESCPOS_COMMANDS:
+        parser_command = command_subparsers.add_parser(**command['parser'])
+        parser_command.set_defaults(**command['defaults'])
+        for argument in command['arguments']:
+            option_strings = argument.pop('option_strings')
+            parser_command.add_argument(*option_strings, **argument)
+
+    # Build any custom arguments
+    parser_command_demo = command_subparsers.add_parser('demo',
+                                                        help='Demonstrates various functions')
+    parser_command_demo.set_defaults(func='demo')
+    demo_group = parser_command_demo.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    demo_group.add_argument(
+        '--barcodes-a',
+        help='Print demo barcodes for function type A',
+        action='store_true',
+    )
+    demo_group.add_argument(
+        '--barcodes-b',
+        help='Print demo barcodes for function type B',
+        action='store_true',
+    )
+    demo_group.add_argument(
+        '--qr',
+        help='Print some demo QR codes',
+        action='store_true',
+    )
+    demo_group.add_argument(
+        '--text',
+        help='Print some demo text',
+        action='store_true',
+    )
+
+    parser_command_version = command_subparsers.add_parser('version',
+                                                           help='Print the version of python-escpos')
+    parser_command_version.set_defaults(version=True)
+
+    # hook in argcomplete
+    if 'argcomplete' in globals():
+        argcomplete.autocomplete(parser)
+
+    # Get only arguments actually passed
+    args_dict = vars(parser.parse_args())
+    if not args_dict:
+        parser.print_help()
+        sys.exit()
+    command_arguments = dict([k, v] for k, v in six.iteritems(args_dict) if v is not None)
+
+    # If version should be printed, do this, then exit
+    print_version = command_arguments.pop('version', None)
+    if print_version:
+        print(version.version)
+        sys.exit()
+
+    # If there was a config path passed, grab it
+    config_path = command_arguments.pop('config', None)
+
+    # Load the configuration and defined printer
+    saved_config = config.Config()
+    saved_config.load(config_path)
+    printer = saved_config.printer()
+
+    if not printer:
+        raise Exception('No printers loaded from config')
+
+    target_command = command_arguments.pop('func')
+
+    # remove helper-argument 'parser' from dict
+    command_arguments.pop('parser', None)
+
+    if hasattr(printer, target_command):
+        # print command with args
+        getattr(printer, target_command)(**command_arguments)
+        if target_command in REQUIRES_NEWLINE:
+            printer.text('\n')
+    else:
+        command_arguments['printer'] = printer
+        globals()[target_command](**command_arguments)
+
+
+def demo(printer, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Prints specificed demos. Called when CLI is passed `demo`. This function
+    uses the DEMO_FUNCTIONS dictionary.
+
+    :param printer: A printer from escpos.printer
+    :param kwargs: A dict with a key for each function you want to test. It's
+        in this format since it usually comes from argparse.
+    """
+    for demo_choice in kwargs.keys():
+        command = getattr(
+            printer,
+            demo_choice
+            .replace('barcodes_a', 'barcode')
+            .replace('barcodes_b', 'barcode')
+        )
+        for params in DEMO_FUNCTIONS[demo_choice]:
+            command(**params)
+        printer.cut()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

src/escpos/codepages.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from .capabilities import CAPABILITIES
+
+
+class CodePageManager:
+    """Holds information about all the code pages (as defined
+    in escpos-printer-db).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+
+    def get_all(self):
+        return self.data.values()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_encoding_name(encoding):
+        # TODO resolve the encoding alias
+        return encoding.upper()
+
+    def get_encoding(self, encoding):
+        return self.data[encoding]
+
+
+CodePages = CodePageManager(CAPABILITIES['encodings'])

src/escpos/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" ESC/POS configuration manager.
+
+This module contains the implentations of abstract base class :py:class:`Config`.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import os
+
+import appdirs
+
+import yaml
+
+from . import exceptions
+from . import printer
+
+
+class Config(object):
+    """  Configuration handler class.
+
+    This class loads configuration from a default or specificed directory. It
+    can create your defined printer and return it to you.
+    """
+    _app_name = 'python-escpos'
+    _config_file = 'config.yaml'
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """ Initialize configuration.
+
+        Remember to add anything that needs to be reset between configurations
+        to self._reset_config
+        """
+        self._has_loaded = False
+        self._printer = None
+
+        self._printer_name = None
+        self._printer_config = None
+
+    def _reset_config(self):
+        """ Clear the loaded configuration.
+
+        If we are loading a changed config, we don't want to have leftover
+        data.
+        """
+        self._has_loaded = False
+        self._printer = None
+
+        self._printer_name = None
+        self._printer_config = None
+
+    def load(self, config_path=None):
+        """ Load and parse the configuration file using pyyaml
+
+        :param config_path: An optional file path, file handle, or byte string
+            for the configuration file.
+
+        """
+
+        self._reset_config()
+
+        if not config_path:
+            config_path = os.path.join(
+                appdirs.user_config_dir(self._app_name),
+                self._config_file
+            )
+
+        try:
+            # First check if it's file like. If it is, pyyaml can load it.
+            # I'm checking type instead of catching exceptions to keep the
+            # exception handling simple
+            if hasattr(config_path, 'read'):
+                config = yaml.safe_load(config_path)
+            else:
+                # If it isn't, it's a path. We have to open it first, otherwise
+                # pyyaml will try to read it as yaml
+                with open(config_path, 'rb') as config_file:
+                    config = yaml.safe_load(config_file)
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            raise exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError('Couldn\'t read config at {config_path}'.format(
+                config_path=str(config_path),
+            ))
+        except yaml.YAMLError:
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError('Error parsing YAML')
+
+        if 'printer' in config:
+            self._printer_config = config['printer']
+            self._printer_name = self._printer_config.pop('type').title()
+
+            if not self._printer_name or not hasattr(printer, self._printer_name):
+                raise exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError(
+                    'Printer type "{printer_name}" is invalid'.format(
+                        printer_name=self._printer_name,
+                    )
+                )
+
+        self._has_loaded = True
+
+    def printer(self):
+        """ Returns a printer that was defined in the config, or throws an
+        exception.
+
+        This method loads the default config if one hasn't beeen already loaded.
+
+        """
+        if not self._has_loaded:
+            self.load()
+
+        if not self._printer_name:
+            raise exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError('printer')
+
+        if not self._printer:
+            # We could catch init errors and make them a ConfigSyntaxError,
+            # but I'll just let them pass
+            self._printer = getattr(printer, self._printer_name)(**self._printer_config)
+
+        return self._printer

src/escpos/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" Set of ESC/POS Commands (Constants)
+
+This module contains constants that are described in the esc/pos-documentation.
+Since there is no definitive and unified specification for all esc/pos-like printers the constants could later be
+moved to `capabilities` as in `escpos-php by @mike42 <https://github.com/mike42/escpos-php>`_.
+
+:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import six
+
+# Control characters
+# as labelled in http://www.novopos.ch/client/EPSON/TM-T20/TM-T20_eng_qr.pdf
+NUL = b'\x00'
+EOT = b'\x04'
+ENQ = b'\x05'
+DLE = b'\x10'
+DC4 = b'\x14'
+CAN = b'\x18'
+ESC = b'\x1b'
+FS  = b'\x1c'
+GS  = b'\x1d'
+
+# Feed control sequences
+CTL_LF = b'\n'              # Print and line feed
+CTL_FF = b'\f'              # Form feed
+CTL_CR = b'\r'              # Carriage return
+CTL_HT = b'\t'              # Horizontal tab
+CTL_SET_HT = ESC + b'\x44'  # Set horizontal tab positions
+CTL_VT = b'\v'              # Vertical tab
+
+# Printer hardware
+HW_INIT   = ESC + b'@'             # Clear data in buffer and reset modes
+HW_SELECT = ESC + b'=\x01'         # Printer select
+
+HW_RESET  = ESC + b'\x3f\x0a\x00'   # Reset printer hardware
+                                    # (TODO: Where is this specified?)
+
+# Cash Drawer (ESC p <pin> <on time: 2*ms> <off time: 2*ms>)
+_CASH_DRAWER = lambda m, t1='', t2='': ESC + b'p' + m + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
+CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE = lambda esc, p, m, t1=50, t2=50: six.int2byte(esc) + six.int2byte(p) + six.int2byte(m) + six.int2byte(t1) + six.int2byte(t2)
+CD_KICK_2 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x00', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 2 []
+CD_KICK_5 = _CASH_DRAWER(b'\x01', 50, 50)  # Sends a pulse to pin 5 []
+
+# Paper Cutter
+_CUT_PAPER = lambda m: GS + b'V' + m
+PAPER_FULL_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x00')  # Full cut paper
+PAPER_PART_CUT = _CUT_PAPER(b'\x01')  # Partial cut paper
+
+# Beep
+BEEP = b'\x07'
+
+# Panel buttons (e.g. the FEED button)
+_PANEL_BUTTON = lambda n: ESC + b'c5' + six.int2byte(n)
+PANEL_BUTTON_ON = _PANEL_BUTTON(0)  # enable all panel buttons
+PANEL_BUTTON_OFF = _PANEL_BUTTON(1)  # disable all panel buttons
+
+# Line display printing
+LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN = ESC + b'\x3d\x02'
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR = ESC + b'\x40'
+LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE = ESC + b'\x3d\x01'
+
+# Sheet modes
+SHEET_SLIP_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x04'  # slip paper
+SHEET_ROLL_MODE = ESC + b'\x63\x30\x01'  # paper roll
+
+# Text format
+# TODO: Acquire the "ESC/POS Application Programming Guide for Paper Roll
+#       Printers" and tidy up this stuff too.
+TXT_SIZE       = GS + b'!'
+
+TXT_NORMAL     = ESC + b'!\x00'     # Normal text
+
+
+TXT_STYLE = {
+    'bold': {
+        False: ESC + b'\x45\x00',               # Bold font OFF
+        True: ESC + b'\x45\x01'                 # Bold font ON
+    },
+    'underline': {
+        0: ESC + b'\x2d\x00',                   # Underline font OFF
+        1: ESC + b'\x2d\x01',                   # Underline font 1-dot ON
+        2: ESC + b'\x2d\x02'                    # Underline font 2-dot ON
+    },
+    'size': {
+        'normal': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x00',  # Normal text
+        '2h': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x10',      # Double height text
+        '2w': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x20',      # Double width text
+        '2x': TXT_NORMAL + ESC + b'!\x30'       # Quad area text
+    },
+    'font': {
+        'a': ESC + b'\x4d\x00',                 # Font type A
+        'b': ESC + b'\x4d\x00'                  # Font type B
+    },
+    'align': {
+        'left': ESC + b'\x61\x00',              # Left justification
+        'center': ESC + b'\x61\x01',            # Centering
+        'right': ESC + b'\x61\x02'              # Right justification
+    },
+    'invert': {
+        True: GS  + b'\x42\x01',                # Inverse Printing ON
+        False: GS  + b'\x42\x00'                # Inverse Printing OFF
+    },
+    'color': {
+        'black': ESC + b'\x72\x00',             # Default Color
+        'red': ESC + b'\x72\x01'                # Alternative Color, Usually Red
+    },
+    'flip': {
+        True: ESC + b'\x7b\x01',                # Flip ON
+        False: ESC + b'\x7b\x00'                # Flip OFF
+    },
+    'density': {
+        0: GS + b'\x7c\x00',                    # Printing Density -50%
+        1: GS + b'\x7c\x01',                    # Printing Density -37.5%
+        2: GS + b'\x7c\x02',                    # Printing Density -25%
+        3: GS + b'\x7c\x03',                    # Printing Density -12.5%
+        4: GS + b'\x7c\x04',                    # Printing Density  0%
+        5: GS + b'\x7c\x08',                    # Printing Density +50%
+        6: GS + b'\x7c\x07',                    # Printing Density +37.5%
+        7: GS + b'\x7c\x06',                    # Printing Density +25%
+        8: GS + b'\x7c\x05'                     # Printing Density +12.5%
+    },
+    'smooth': {
+        True: GS + b'\x62\x01',                 # Smooth ON
+        False: GS + b'\x62\x00'                 # Smooth OFF
+    },
+    'height': {                                 # Custom text height
+        1: 0x00,
+        2: 0x01,
+        3: 0x02,
+        4: 0x03,
+        5: 0x04,
+        6: 0x05,
+        7: 0x06,
+        8: 0x07
+    },
+    'width': {                                  # Custom text width
+        1: 0x00,
+        2: 0x10,
+        3: 0x20,
+        4: 0x30,
+        5: 0x40,
+        6: 0x50,
+        7: 0x60,
+        8: 0x70
+    }
+}
+
+# Fonts
+SET_FONT = lambda n: ESC + b'\x4d' + n
+TXT_FONT_A     = SET_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A
+TXT_FONT_B     = SET_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B
+
+# Spacing
+LINESPACING_RESET = ESC + b'2'
+LINESPACING_FUNCS = {
+  60: ESC + b'A',  # line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
+  360: ESC + b'+', # line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+  180: ESC + b'3', # line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+}
+
+# Prefix to change the codepage. You need to attach a byte to indicate
+# the codepage to use. We use escpos-printer-db as the data source.
+CODEPAGE_CHANGE = ESC + b'\x74'
+
+# Barcode format
+_SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS = lambda n: GS + b'H' + n
+BARCODE_TXT_OFF = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x00')  # HRI barcode chars OFF
+BARCODE_TXT_ABV = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x01')  # HRI barcode chars above
+BARCODE_TXT_BLW = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x02')  # HRI barcode chars below
+BARCODE_TXT_BTH = _SET_BARCODE_TXT_POS(b'\x03')  # HRI both above and below
+
+_SET_HRI_FONT = lambda n: GS + b'f' + n
+BARCODE_FONT_A = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x00')  # Font type A for HRI barcode chars
+BARCODE_FONT_B = _SET_HRI_FONT(b'\x01')  # Font type B for HRI barcode chars
+
+BARCODE_HEIGHT = GS + b'h'  # Barcode Height [1-255]
+BARCODE_WIDTH  = GS + b'w'  # Barcode Width  [2-6]
+
+# NOTE: This isn't actually an ESC/POS command. It's the common prefix to the
+#      two "print bar code" commands:
+#      -  Type A: "GS k <type as integer> <data> NUL"
+#      -  TYPE B: "GS k <type as letter> <data length> <data>"
+#      The latter command supports more barcode types
+_SET_BARCODE_TYPE = lambda m: GS + b'k' + six.int2byte(m)
+
+# Barcodes for printing function type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_A = {
+    'UPC-A':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(0),
+    'UPC-E':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(1),
+    'EAN13':   _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(2),
+    'EAN8':    _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(3),
+    'CODE39':  _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(4),
+    'ITF':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(5),
+    'NW7':     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),
+    'CODABAR': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(6),  # Same as NW7
+}
+
+# Barcodes for printing function type B
+# The first 8 are the same barcodes as type A
+BARCODE_TYPE_B = {
+    'UPC-A':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(65),
+    'UPC-E':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(66),
+    'EAN13':                       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(67),
+    'EAN8':                        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(68),
+    'CODE39':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(69),
+    'ITF':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(70),
+    'NW7':                         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),
+    'CODABAR':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(71),  # Same as NW7
+    'CODE93':                      _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(72),
+    'CODE128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(73),
+    'GS1-128':                     _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(74),
+    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(75),
+    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(76),
+    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(77),
+    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        _SET_BARCODE_TYPE(78),
+}
+
+BARCODE_FORMATS = {
+    'UPC-A':                       ([(11, 12)], "^[0-9]{11,12}$"),
+    'UPC-E':                       ([(7, 8), (11, 12)], "^([0-9]{7,8}|[0-9]{11,12})$"),
+    'EAN13':                       ([(12, 13)], "^[0-9]{12,13}$"),
+    'EAN8':                        ([(7, 8)], "^[0-9]{7,8}$"),
+    'CODE39':                      ([(1, 255)], "^([0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+|\*[0-9A-Z \$\%\+\-\.\/]+\*)$"),
+    'ITF':                         ([(2, 255)], "^([0-9]{2})+$"),
+    'NW7':                         ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),
+    'CODABAR':                     ([(1, 255)], "^[A-Da-d][0-9\$\+\-\.\/\:]+[A-Da-d]$"),  # Same as NW7
+    'CODE93':                      ([(1, 255)], "^[\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
+    'CODE128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"),
+    'GS1-128':                     ([(2, 255)], "^\{[A-C][\\x00-\\x7F]+$"), # same as CODE128
+    'GS1 DATABAR OMNIDIRECTIONAL': ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"),
+    'GS1 DATABAR TRUNCATED':       ([(13,13)], "^[0-9]{13}$"), # same as GS1 omnidirectional
+    'GS1 DATABAR LIMITED':         ([(13,13)], "^[01][0-9]{12}$"),
+    'GS1 DATABAR EXPANDED':        ([(2,255)], "^\([0-9][A-Za-z0-9 \!\"\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\:\;\<\=\>\?\_\{]+$"),
+}
+
+BARCODE_TYPES = {
+    'A': BARCODE_TYPE_A,
+    'B': BARCODE_TYPE_B,
+}
+
+# QRCode error correction levels
+QR_ECLEVEL_L = 0
+QR_ECLEVEL_M = 1
+QR_ECLEVEL_Q = 2
+QR_ECLEVEL_H = 3
+
+# QRcode models
+QR_MODEL_1 = 1
+QR_MODEL_2 = 2
+QR_MICRO = 3
+
+# Image format
+# NOTE: _PRINT_RASTER_IMG is the obsolete ESC/POS "print raster bit image"
+#       command. The constants include a fragment of the data's header.
+_PRINT_RASTER_IMG = lambda data: GS + b'v0' + data
+S_RASTER_N  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x00')  # Set raster image normal size
+S_RASTER_2W = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x01')  # Set raster image double width
+S_RASTER_2H = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x02')  # Set raster image double height
+S_RASTER_Q  = _PRINT_RASTER_IMG(b'\x03')  # Set raster image quadruple
+
+# Status Command
+RT_STATUS = DLE + EOT
+RT_STATUS_ONLINE = RT_STATUS +  b'\x01'
+RT_STATUS_PAPER = RT_STATUS +  b'\x04'
+RT_MASK_ONLINE = 8
+RT_MASK_PAPER = 18
+RT_MASK_LOWPAPER = 30
+RT_MASK_NOPAPER = 114

src/escpos/escpos.py

@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" Main class
+
+This module contains the abstract base class :py:class:`Escpos`.
+
+:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import os
+import textwrap
+import time
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod  # abstract base class support
+from re import match as re_match
+
+import barcode
+from barcode.writer import ImageWriter
+
+import qrcode
+
+import six
+
+from .capabilities import BARCODE_B, get_profile
+from .constants import BARCODE_FONT_A, BARCODE_FONT_B, BARCODE_FORMATS
+from .constants import BARCODE_TXT_OFF, BARCODE_TXT_BTH, BARCODE_TXT_ABV, BARCODE_TXT_BLW
+from .constants import BARCODE_TYPES, BARCODE_HEIGHT, BARCODE_WIDTH
+from .constants import CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE, CD_KICK_5, CD_KICK_2, PAPER_FULL_CUT, PAPER_PART_CUT
+from .constants import CTL_VT, CTL_CR, CTL_FF, CTL_LF, CTL_SET_HT, PANEL_BUTTON_OFF, PANEL_BUTTON_ON
+from .constants import ESC, GS, NUL, QR_ECLEVEL_L, QR_ECLEVEL_M, QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_ECLEVEL_Q
+from .constants import HW_INIT, HW_RESET, HW_SELECT
+from .constants import LINESPACING_FUNCS, LINESPACING_RESET
+from .constants import LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN, LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR, LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE
+from .constants import QR_MODEL_1, QR_MODEL_2, QR_MICRO
+from .constants import RT_MASK_ONLINE, RT_STATUS_ONLINE
+from .constants import RT_STATUS_PAPER, RT_MASK_PAPER, RT_MASK_LOWPAPER, RT_MASK_NOPAPER
+from .constants import SET_FONT
+from .constants import TXT_SIZE, TXT_NORMAL
+from .constants import TXT_STYLE
+from .exceptions import BarcodeCodeError, BarcodeSizeError, BarcodeTypeError
+from .exceptions import CashDrawerError, ImageWidthError
+from .exceptions import SetVariableError, TabPosError
+from .image import EscposImage
+from .magicencode import MagicEncode
+
+
+@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
+class Escpos(object):
+    """ ESC/POS Printer object
+
+    This class is the abstract base class for an esc/pos-printer. The printer implementations are children of this
+    class.
+    """
+    device = None
+
+    def __init__(self, profile=None, magic_encode_args=None, **kwargs):
+        """ Initialize ESCPOS Printer
+
+        :param profile: Printer profile"""
+        self.profile = get_profile(profile)
+        self.magic = MagicEncode(self, **(magic_encode_args or {}))
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        """ call self.close upon deletion """
+        self.close()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Sends raw data to the printer
+
+        This function has to be individually implemented by the implementations.
+
+        :param msg: message string to be sent to the printer
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """ Returns a NotImplementedError if the instance of the class doesn't override this method.
+        :raises NotImplementedError
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def image(self, img_source, high_density_vertical=True, high_density_horizontal=True, impl='bitImageRaster',
+              fragment_height=960, center=False):
+        """ Print an image
+
+        You can select whether the printer should print in high density or not. The default value is high density.
+        When printing in low density, the image will be stretched.
+
+        Esc/Pos supplies several commands for printing. This function supports three of them. Please try to vary the
+        implementations if you have any problems. For example the printer `IT80-002` will have trouble aligning
+        images that are not printed in Column-mode.
+
+        The available printing implementations are:
+
+            * `bitImageRaster`: prints with the `GS v 0`-command
+            * `graphics`: prints with the `GS ( L`-command
+            * `bitImageColumn`: prints with the `ESC *`-command
+
+        :param img_source: PIL image or filename to load: `jpg`, `gif`, `png` or `bmp`
+        :param high_density_vertical: print in high density in vertical direction *default:* True
+        :param high_density_horizontal: print in high density in horizontal direction *default:* True
+        :param impl: choose image printing mode between `bitImageRaster`, `graphics` or `bitImageColumn`
+        :param fragment_height: Images larger than this will be split into multiple fragments *default:* 960
+        :param center: Center image horizontally *default:* False
+
+        """
+        im = EscposImage(img_source)
+
+        try:
+            max_width = int(self.profile.profile_data['media']['width']['pixels'])
+
+            if im.width > max_width:
+                raise ImageWidthError('{} > {}'.format(im.width, max_width))
+
+            if center:
+                im.center(max_width)
+        except KeyError:
+            # If the printer's pixel width is not known, print anyways...
+            pass
+        except ValueError:
+            # If the max_width cannot be converted to an int, print anyways...
+            pass
+
+        if im.height > fragment_height:
+            fragments = im.split(fragment_height)
+            for fragment in fragments:
+                self.image(fragment,
+                           high_density_vertical=high_density_vertical,
+                           high_density_horizontal=high_density_horizontal,
+                           impl=impl,
+                           fragment_height=fragment_height)
+            return
+
+        if impl == 'bitImageRaster':
+            # GS v 0, raster format bit image
+            density_byte = (0 if high_density_horizontal else 1) + (0 if high_density_vertical else 2)
+            header = GS + b'v0' + six.int2byte(density_byte) + self._int_low_high(im.width_bytes, 2) +\
+                self._int_low_high(im.height, 2)
+            self._raw(header + im.to_raster_format())
+
+        if impl == 'graphics':
+            # GS ( L raster format graphics
+            img_header = self._int_low_high(im.width, 2) + self._int_low_high(im.height, 2)
+            tone = b'0'
+            colors = b'1'
+            ym = six.int2byte(1 if high_density_vertical else 2)
+            xm = six.int2byte(1 if high_density_horizontal else 2)
+            header = tone + xm + ym + colors + img_header
+            raster_data = im.to_raster_format()
+            self._image_send_graphics_data(b'0', b'p', header + raster_data)
+            self._image_send_graphics_data(b'0', b'2', b'')
+
+        if impl == 'bitImageColumn':
+            # ESC *, column format bit image
+            density_byte = (1 if high_density_horizontal else 0) + (32 if high_density_vertical else 0)
+            header = ESC + b'*' + six.int2byte(density_byte) + self._int_low_high(im.width, 2)
+            outp = [ESC + b'3' + six.int2byte(16)]  # Adjust line-feed size
+            for blob in im.to_column_format(high_density_vertical):
+                outp.append(header + blob + b'\n')
+            outp.append(ESC + b'2')  # Reset line-feed size
+            self._raw(b''.join(outp))
+
+    def _image_send_graphics_data(self, m, fn, data):
+        """
+        Wrapper for GS ( L, to calculate and send correct data length.
+
+        :param m: Modifier//variant for function. Usually '0'
+        :param fn: Function number to use, as byte
+        :param data: Data to send
+        """
+        header = self._int_low_high(len(data) + 2, 2)
+        self._raw(GS + b'(L' + header + m + fn + data)
+
+    def qr(self, content, ec=QR_ECLEVEL_L, size=3, model=QR_MODEL_2,
+           native=False, center=False, impl='bitImageRaster'):
+        """ Print QR Code for the provided string
+
+        :param content: The content of the code. Numeric data will be more efficiently compacted.
+        :param ec: Error-correction level to use. One of QR_ECLEVEL_L (default), QR_ECLEVEL_M, QR_ECLEVEL_Q or
+            QR_ECLEVEL_H.
+            Higher error correction results in a less compact code.
+        :param size: Pixel size to use. Must be 1-16 (default 3)
+        :param model: QR code model to use. Must be one of QR_MODEL_1, QR_MODEL_2 (default) or QR_MICRO (not supported
+            by all printers).
+        :param native: True to render the code on the printer, False to render the code as an image and send it to the
+            printer (Default)
+        :param center: Centers the code *default:* False
+        """
+        # Basic validation
+        if ec not in [QR_ECLEVEL_L, QR_ECLEVEL_M, QR_ECLEVEL_H, QR_ECLEVEL_Q]:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid error correction level')
+        if not 1 <= size <= 16:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid block size (must be 1-16)')
+        if model not in [QR_MODEL_1, QR_MODEL_2, QR_MICRO]:
+            raise ValueError('Invalid QR model (must be one of QR_MODEL_1, QR_MODEL_2, QR_MICRO)')
+        if content == '':
+            # Handle edge case by printing nothing.
+            return
+        if not native:
+            # Map ESC/POS error correction levels to python 'qrcode' library constant and render to an image
+            if model != QR_MODEL_2:
+                raise ValueError('Invalid QR model for qrlib rendering (must be QR_MODEL_2)')
+            python_qr_ec = {
+                QR_ECLEVEL_H: qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_H,
+                QR_ECLEVEL_L: qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_L,
+                QR_ECLEVEL_M: qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_M,
+                QR_ECLEVEL_Q: qrcode.constants.ERROR_CORRECT_Q
+            }
+            qr_code = qrcode.QRCode(version=None, box_size=size, border=1, error_correction=python_qr_ec[ec])
+            qr_code.add_data(content)
+            qr_code.make(fit=True)
+            qr_img = qr_code.make_image()
+            im = qr_img._img.convert('RGB')
+
+            # Convert the RGB image in printable image
+            self.text('\n')
+            self.image(im, center=center, impl=impl)
+            self.text('\n')
+            self.text('\n')
+            return
+
+        if center:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Centering not implemented for native QR rendering')
+
+        # Native 2D code printing
+        cn = b'1'  # Code type for QR code
+        # Select model: 1, 2 or micro.
+        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(65), cn, six.int2byte(48 + model) + six.int2byte(0))
+        # Set dot size.
+        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(67), cn, six.int2byte(size))
+        # Set error correction level: L, M, Q, or H
+        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(69), cn, six.int2byte(48 + ec))
+        # Send content & print
+        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(80), cn, content.encode('utf-8'), b'0')
+        self._send_2d_code_data(six.int2byte(81), cn, b'', b'0')
+
+    def _send_2d_code_data(self, fn, cn, data, m=b''):
+        """ Wrapper for GS ( k, to calculate and send correct data length.
+
+        :param fn: Function to use.
+        :param cn: Output code type. Affects available data.
+        :param data: Data to send.
+        :param m: Modifier/variant for function. Often '0' where used.
+        """
+        if len(m) > 1 or len(cn) != 1 or len(fn) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('cn and fn must be one byte each.')
+        header = self._int_low_high(len(data) + len(m) + 2, 2)
+        self._raw(GS + b'(k' + header + cn + fn + m + data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _int_low_high(inp_number, out_bytes):
+        """ Generate multiple bytes for a number: In lower and higher parts, or more parts as needed.
+
+        :param inp_number: Input number
+        :param out_bytes: The number of bytes to output (1 - 4).
+        """
+        max_input = (256 << (out_bytes * 8) - 1)
+        if not 1 <= out_bytes <= 4:
+            raise ValueError('Can only output 1-4 bytes')
+        if not 0 <= inp_number <= max_input:
+            raise ValueError('Number too large. Can only output up to {0} in {1} bytes'.format(max_input, out_bytes))
+        outp = b''
+        for _ in range(0, out_bytes):
+            outp += six.int2byte(inp_number % 256)
+            inp_number //= 256
+        return outp
+
+    def charcode(self, code='AUTO'):
+        """ Set Character Code Table
+
+        Sets the control sequence from ``CHARCODE`` in :py:mod:`escpos.constants` as active. It will be sent with
+        the next text sequence. If you set the variable code to ``AUTO`` it will try to automatically guess the
+        right codepage. (This is the standard behaviour.)
+
+        :param code: Name of CharCode
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError`
+        """
+        if code.upper() == 'AUTO':
+            self.magic.force_encoding(False)
+        else:
+            self.magic.force_encoding(code)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def check_barcode(bc, code):
+        """
+        This method checks if the barcode is in the proper format.
+        The validation concerns the barcode length and the set of characters, but won't compute/validate any checksum.
+        The full set of requirement for each barcode type is available in the ESC/POS documentation.
+
+        As an example, using EAN13, the barcode `12345678901` will be correct, because it can be rendered by the
+        printer. But it does not suit the EAN13 standard, because the checksum digit is missing. Adding a wrong
+        checksum in the end will also be considered correct, but adding a letter won't (EAN13 is numeric only).
+
+        .. todo:: Add a method to compute the checksum for the different standards
+
+        .. todo:: For fixed-length standards with mandatory checksum (EAN, UPC),
+            compute and add the checksum automatically if missing.
+
+        :param bc: barcode format, see :py:func`~escpos.Escpos.barcode`
+        :param code: alphanumeric data to be printed as bar code, see :py:func`~escpos.Escpos.barcode`
+        :return: bool
+        """
+        if bc not in BARCODE_FORMATS:
+            return False
+
+        bounds, regex = BARCODE_FORMATS[bc]
+        return any(bound[0] <= len(code) <= bound[1] for bound in bounds) and re_match(regex, code)
+
+    def barcode(self, code, bc, height=64, width=3, pos='BELOW', font='A',
+                align_ct=True, function_type=None, check=True):
+        """ Print Barcode
+
+        This method allows to print barcodes. The rendering of the barcode is done by the printer and therefore has to
+        be supported by the unit. By default, this method will check whether your barcode text is correct, that is
+        the characters and lengths are supported by ESCPOS. Call the method with `check=False` to disable the check, but
+        note that uncorrect barcodes may lead to unexpected printer behaviour.
+        There are two forms of the barcode function. Type A is default but has fewer barcodes,
+        while type B has some more to choose from.
+
+        Use the parameters `height` and `width` for adjusting of the barcode size. Please take notice that the barcode
+        will not be printed if it is outside of the printable area. (Which should be impossible with this method, so
+        this information is probably more useful for debugging purposes.)
+
+        .. todo:: On TM-T88II width from 1 to 6 is accepted. Try to acquire command reference and correct the code.
+        .. todo:: Supplying pos does not have an effect for every barcode type. Check and document for which types this
+                  is true.
+
+        If you do not want to center the barcode you can call the method with `align_ct=False`, which will disable
+        automatic centering. Please note that when you use center alignment, then the alignment of text will be changed
+        automatically to centered. You have to manually restore the alignment if necessary.
+
+        .. todo:: If further barcode-types are needed they could be rendered transparently as an image. (This could also
+                  be of help if the printer does not support types that others do.)
+
+        :param code: alphanumeric data to be printed as bar code
+        :param bc: barcode format, possible values are for type A are:
+
+            * UPC-A
+            * UPC-E
+            * EAN13
+            * EAN8
+            * CODE39
+            * ITF
+            * NW7
+
+            Possible values for type B:
+
+            * All types from function type A
+            * CODE93
+            * CODE128
+            * GS1-128
+            * GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional
+            * GS1 DataBar Truncated
+            * GS1 DataBar Limited
+            * GS1 DataBar Expanded
+
+            If none is specified, the method raises :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError`.
+        :param height: barcode height, has to be between 1 and 255
+            *default*: 64
+        :type height: int
+        :param width: barcode width, has to be between 2 and 6
+            *default*: 3
+        :type width: int
+        :param pos: where to place the text relative to the barcode, *default*: BELOW
+
+            * ABOVE
+            * BELOW
+            * BOTH
+            * OFF
+
+        :param font: select font (see ESC/POS-documentation, the device often has two fonts), *default*: A
+
+            * A
+            * B
+
+        :param align_ct: If this parameter is True the barcode will be centered. Otherwise no alignment command will be
+                         issued.
+        :type align_ct: bool
+
+        :param function_type: Choose between ESCPOS function type A or B,
+            depending on printer support and desired barcode. If not given,
+            the printer will attempt to automatically choose the correct
+            function based on the current profile.
+            *default*: A
+
+        :param check: If this parameter is True, the barcode format will be checked to ensure it meets the bc
+            requirements as defigned in the esc/pos documentation. See py:func:`~escpos.Escpos.check_barcode`
+            for more information. *default*: True.
+
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError`,
+                 :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError`,
+                 :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError`
+        """
+        if function_type is None:
+            # Choose the function type automatically.
+            if bc in BARCODE_TYPES['A']:
+                function_type = 'A'
+            else:
+                if bc in BARCODE_TYPES['B']:
+                    if not self.profile.supports(BARCODE_B):
+                        raise BarcodeTypeError((
+                            "Barcode type '{bc}' not supported for "
+                            'the current printer profile').format(bc=bc))
+                    function_type = 'B'
+                else:
+                    raise BarcodeTypeError((
+                        "Barcode type '{bc}' is not valid").format(bc=bc))
+
+        bc_types = BARCODE_TYPES[function_type.upper()]
+        if bc.upper() not in bc_types.keys():
+            raise BarcodeTypeError((
+                "Barcode '{bc}' not valid for barcode function type "
+                '{function_type}').format(
+                    bc=bc,
+                    function_type=function_type,)
+            )
+
+        if check and not self.check_barcode(bc, code):
+            raise BarcodeCodeError((
+                "Barcode '{code}' not in a valid format for type '{bc}'").format(
+                code=code,
+                bc=bc,
+            ))
+
+        # Align Bar Code()
+        if align_ct:
+            self._raw(TXT_STYLE['align']['center'])
+        # Height
+        if 1 <= height <= 255:
+            self._raw(BARCODE_HEIGHT + six.int2byte(height))
+        else:
+            raise BarcodeSizeError('height = {height}'.format(height=height))
+        # Width
+        if 2 <= width <= 6:
+            self._raw(BARCODE_WIDTH + six.int2byte(width))
+        else:
+            raise BarcodeSizeError('width = {width}'.format(width=width))
+        # Font
+        if font.upper() == 'B':
+            self._raw(BARCODE_FONT_B)
+        else:  # DEFAULT FONT: A
+            self._raw(BARCODE_FONT_A)
+        # Position
+        if pos.upper() == 'OFF':
+            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_OFF)
+        elif pos.upper() == 'BOTH':
+            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_BTH)
+        elif pos.upper() == 'ABOVE':
+            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_ABV)
+        else:  # DEFAULT POSITION: BELOW
+            self._raw(BARCODE_TXT_BLW)
+
+        self._raw(bc_types[bc.upper()])
+
+        if function_type.upper() == 'B':
+            self._raw(six.int2byte(len(code)))
+
+        # Print Code
+        if code:
+            self._raw(code.encode())
+        else:
+            raise BarcodeCodeError()
+
+        if function_type.upper() == 'A':
+            self._raw(NUL)
+
+    def soft_barcode(self, barcode_type, data, impl='bitImageColumn',
+                     module_height=5, module_width=0.2, text_distance=1):
+
+        image_writer = ImageWriter()
+
+        # Check if barcode type exists
+        if barcode_type not in barcode.PROVIDED_BARCODES:
+            raise BarcodeTypeError(
+                'Barcode type {} not supported by software barcode renderer'
+                .format(barcode_type))
+
+        # Render the barcode to a fake file
+        barcode_class = barcode.get_barcode_class(barcode_type)
+        my_code = barcode_class(data, writer=image_writer)
+
+        with open(os.devnull, 'wb') as nullfile:
+            my_code.write(nullfile, {
+                'module_height': module_height,
+                'module_width': module_width,
+                'text_distance': text_distance
+            })
+
+        # Retrieve the Pillow image and print it
+        image = my_code.writer._image
+        self.image(image, impl=impl)
+
+    def text(self, txt):
+        """ Print alpha-numeric text
+
+        The text has to be encoded in the currently selected codepage.
+        The input text has to be encoded in unicode.
+
+        :param txt: text to be printed
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
+        """
+        txt = six.text_type(txt)
+        self.magic.write(txt)
+
+    def textln(self, txt=''):
+        """Print alpha-numeric text with a newline
+
+        The text has to be encoded in the currently selected codepage.
+        The input text has to be encoded in unicode.
+
+        :param txt: text to be printed with a newline
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
+        """
+        self.text('{}\n'.format(txt))
+
+    def ln(self, count=1):
+        """Print a newline or more
+
+        :param count: number of newlines to print
+        :raises: :py:exc:`ValueError` if count < 0
+        """
+        if count < 0:
+            raise ValueError('Count cannot be lesser than 0')
+        if count > 0:
+            self.text('\n' * count)
+
+    def block_text(self, txt, font=None, columns=None):
+        """ Text is printed wrapped to specified columns
+
+        Text has to be encoded in unicode.
+
+        :param txt: text to be printed
+        :param font: font to be used, can be :code:`a` or :code:`b`
+        :param columns: amount of columns
+        :return: None
+        """
+        col_count = self.profile.get_columns(font) if columns is None else columns
+        self.text(textwrap.fill(txt, col_count))
+
+    def set(self, align='left', font='a', bold=False, underline=0, width=1,
+            height=1, density=9, invert=False, smooth=False, flip=False,
+            double_width=False, double_height=False, custom_size=False):
+        """ Set text properties by sending them to the printer
+
+        :param align: horizontal position for text, possible values are:
+
+            * 'center'
+            * 'left'
+            * 'right'
+
+            *default*: 'left'
+
+        :param font: font given as an index, a name, or one of the
+            special values 'a' or 'b', referring to fonts 0 and 1.
+        :param bold: text in bold, *default*: False
+        :param underline: underline mode for text, decimal range 0-2,  *default*: 0
+        :param double_height: doubles the height of the text
+        :param double_width: doubles the width of the text
+        :param custom_size: uses custom size specified by width and height
+            parameters. Cannot be used with double_width or double_height.
+        :param width: text width multiplier when custom_size is used, decimal range 1-8,  *default*: 1
+        :param height: text height multiplier when custom_size is used, decimal range 1-8, *default*: 1
+        :param density: print density, value from 0-8, if something else is supplied the density remains unchanged
+        :param invert: True enables white on black printing, *default*: False
+        :param smooth: True enables text smoothing. Effective on 4x4 size text and larger, *default*: False
+        :param flip: True enables upside-down printing, *default*: False
+
+        :type font: str
+        :type invert: bool
+        :type bold: bool
+        :type underline: bool
+        :type smooth: bool
+        :type flip: bool
+        :type custom_size: bool
+        :type double_width: bool
+        :type double_height: bool
+        :type align: str
+        :type width: int
+        :type height: int
+        :type density: int
+        """
+
+        if custom_size:
+            if 1 <= width <= 8 and 1 <= height <= 8 and isinstance(width, int) and isinstance(height, int):
+                size_byte = TXT_STYLE['width'][width] + TXT_STYLE['height'][height]
+                self._raw(TXT_SIZE + six.int2byte(size_byte))
+            else:
+                raise SetVariableError()
+        else:
+            self._raw(TXT_NORMAL)
+            if double_width and double_height:
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2x'])
+            elif double_width:
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2w'])
+            elif double_height:
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['2h'])
+            else:
+                self._raw(TXT_STYLE['size']['normal'])
+
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['flip'][flip])
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['smooth'][smooth])
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['bold'][bold])
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['underline'][underline])
+        self._raw(SET_FONT(six.int2byte(self.profile.get_font(font))))
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['align'][align])
+
+        if density != 9:
+            self._raw(TXT_STYLE['density'][density])
+
+        self._raw(TXT_STYLE['invert'][invert])
+
+    def line_spacing(self, spacing=None, divisor=180):
+        """ Set line character spacing.
+
+        If no spacing is given, we reset it to the default.
+
+        There are different commands for setting the line spacing, using
+        a different denominator:
+
+        '+'' line_spacing/360 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+        '3' line_spacing/180 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 255
+        'A' line_spacing/60 of an inch, 0 <= line_spacing <= 85
+
+        Some printers may not support all of them. The most commonly
+        available command (using a divisor of 180) is chosen.
+        """
+        if spacing is None:
+            self._raw(LINESPACING_RESET)
+            return
+
+        if divisor not in LINESPACING_FUNCS:
+            raise ValueError('divisor must be either 360, 180 or 60')
+        if (divisor in [360, 180] and (not(0 <= spacing <= 255))):
+            raise ValueError('spacing must be a int between 0 and 255 when divisor is 360 or 180')
+        if divisor == 60 and (not(0 <= spacing <= 85)):
+            raise ValueError('spacing must be a int between 0 and 85 when divisor is 60')
+
+        self._raw(LINESPACING_FUNCS[divisor] + six.int2byte(spacing))
+
+    def cut(self, mode='FULL', feed=True):
+        """ Cut paper.
+
+        Without any arguments the paper will be cut completely. With 'mode=PART' a partial cut will
+        be attempted. Note however, that not all models can do a partial cut. See the documentation of
+        your printer for details.
+
+        .. todo:: Check this function on TM-T88II.
+
+        :param mode: set to 'PART' for a partial cut. default: 'FULL'
+        :param feed: print and feed before cutting. default: true
+        :raises ValueError: if mode not in ('FULL', 'PART')
+        """
+
+        if not feed:
+            self._raw(GS + b'V' + six.int2byte(66) + b'\x00')
+            return
+
+        self.print_and_feed(6)
+
+        mode = mode.upper()
+        if mode not in ('FULL', 'PART'):
+            raise ValueError("Mode must be one of ('FULL', 'PART')")
+
+        if mode == 'PART':
+            if self.profile.supports('paperPartCut'):
+                self._raw(PAPER_PART_CUT)
+            elif self.profile.supports('paperFullCut'):
+                self._raw(PAPER_FULL_CUT)
+        elif mode == 'FULL':
+            if self.profile.supports('paperFullCut'):
+                self._raw(PAPER_FULL_CUT)
+            elif self.profile.supports('paperPartCut'):
+                self._raw(PAPER_PART_CUT)
+
+    def cashdraw(self, pin):
+        """ Send pulse to kick the cash drawer
+
+        Kick cash drawer on pin 2 or pin 5 according to default parameter.
+        For non default parameter send a decimal sequence i.e. [27,112,48] or [27,112,0,25,255]
+
+        :param pin: pin number, 2 or 5 or list of decimals
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
+        """
+        if pin == 2:
+            self._raw(CD_KICK_2)
+        elif pin == 5:
+            self._raw(CD_KICK_5)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self._raw(CD_KICK_DEC_SEQUENCE(*pin))
+            except TypeError as err:
+                raise CashDrawerError(err)
+
+    def linedisplay_select(self, select_display=False):
+        """ Selects the line display or the printer
+
+        This method is used for line displays that are daisy-chained between your computer and printer.
+        If you set `select_display` to true, only the display is selected and if you set it to false,
+        only the printer is selected.
+
+        :param select_display: whether the display should be selected or the printer
+        :type select_display: bool
+        """
+        if select_display:
+            self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_OPEN)
+        else:
+            self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_CLOSE)
+
+    def linedisplay_clear(self):
+        """ Clears the line display and resets the cursor
+
+        This method is used for line displays that are daisy-chained between your computer and printer.
+        """
+        self._raw(LINE_DISPLAY_CLEAR)
+
+    def linedisplay(self, text):
+        """
+        Display text on a line display connected to your printer
+
+        You should connect a line display to your printer. You can do this by daisy-chaining
+        the display between your computer and printer.
+
+        :param text: Text to display
+        """
+        self.linedisplay_select(select_display=True)
+        self.linedisplay_clear()
+        self.text(text)
+        self.linedisplay_select(select_display=False)
+
+    def hw(self, hw):
+        """ Hardware operations
+
+        :param hw: hardware action, may be:
+
+            * INIT
+            * SELECT
+            * RESET
+        """
+        if hw.upper() == 'INIT':
+            self._raw(HW_INIT)
+        elif hw.upper() == 'SELECT':
+            self._raw(HW_SELECT)
+        elif hw.upper() == 'RESET':
+            self._raw(HW_RESET)
+        else:  # DEFAULT: DOES NOTHING
+            pass
+
+    def print_and_feed(self, n=1):
+        """ Print data in print buffer and feed *n* lines
+
+            if n not in range (0, 255) then ValueError will be raised
+
+            :param n: number of n to feed. 0 <= n <= 255. default: 1
+            :raises ValueError: if not 0 <= n <= 255
+        """
+        if 0 <= n <= 255:
+            # ESC d n
+            self._raw(ESC + b'd' + six.int2byte(n))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('n must be betwen 0 and 255')
+
+    def control(self, ctl, count=5, tab_size=8):
+        """ Feed control sequences
+
+        :param ctl: string for the following control sequences:
+
+            * LF *for Line Feed*
+            * FF *for Form Feed*
+            * CR *for Carriage Return*
+            * HT *for Horizontal Tab*
+            * VT *for Vertical Tab*
+
+        :param count: integer between 1 and 32, controls the horizontal tab count. Defaults to 5.
+        :param tab_size: integer between 1 and 255, controls the horizontal tab size in characters. Defaults to 8
+        :raises: :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
+        """
+        # Set position
+        if ctl.upper() == 'LF':
+            self._raw(CTL_LF)
+        elif ctl.upper() == 'FF':
+            self._raw(CTL_FF)
+        elif ctl.upper() == 'CR':
+            self._raw(CTL_CR)
+        elif ctl.upper() == 'HT':
+            if not (0 <= count <= 32 and
+                    1 <= tab_size <= 255 and
+                    count * tab_size < 256):
+                raise TabPosError()
+            else:
+                # Set tab positions
+                self._raw(CTL_SET_HT)
+                for iterator in range(1, count):
+                    self._raw(six.int2byte(iterator * tab_size))
+                self._raw(NUL)
+        elif ctl.upper() == 'VT':
+            self._raw(CTL_VT)
+
+    def panel_buttons(self, enable=True):
+        """ Controls the panel buttons on the printer (e.g. FEED)
+
+        When enable is set to False the panel buttons on the printer will be disabled. Calling the method with
+        enable=True or without argument will enable the panel buttons.
+
+        If panel buttons are enabled, the function of the panel button, such as feeding, will be executed upon pressing
+        the button. If the panel buttons are disabled, pressing them will not have any effect.
+
+        This command is effective until the printer is initialized, reset or power-cycled. The default is enabled panel
+        buttons.
+
+        Some panel buttons will always work, especially when printer is opened. See for more information the manual
+        of your printer and the escpos-command-reference.
+
+        :param enable: controls the panel buttons
+        :rtype: None
+        """
+        if enable:
+            self._raw(PANEL_BUTTON_ON)
+        else:
+            self._raw(PANEL_BUTTON_OFF)
+
+    def query_status(self, mode):
+        """
+        Queries the printer for its status, and returns an array of integers containing it.
+
+        :param mode: Integer that sets the status mode queried to the printer.
+            - RT_STATUS_ONLINE: Printer status.
+            - RT_STATUS_PAPER: Paper sensor.
+        :rtype: array(integer)
+        """
+        self._raw(mode)
+        time.sleep(1)
+        status = self._read()
+        return status
+
+    def is_online(self):
+        """
+        Queries the online status of the printer.
+
+        :returns: When online, returns ``True``; ``False`` otherwise.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        status = self.query_status(RT_STATUS_ONLINE)
+        if len(status) == 0:
+            return False
+        return not (status[0] & RT_MASK_ONLINE)
+
+    def paper_status(self):
+        """
+        Queries the paper status of the printer.
+
+        Returns 2 if there is plenty of paper, 1 if the paper has arrived to
+        the near-end sensor and 0 if there is no paper.
+
+        :returns: 2: Paper is adequate. 1: Paper ending. 0: No paper.
+        :rtype: int
+        """
+        status = self.query_status(RT_STATUS_PAPER)
+        if len(status) == 0:
+            return 2
+        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_NOPAPER == RT_MASK_NOPAPER):
+            return 0
+        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_LOWPAPER == RT_MASK_LOWPAPER):
+            return 1
+        if (status[0] & RT_MASK_PAPER == RT_MASK_PAPER):
+            return 2
+
+
+class EscposIO(object):
+    """ESC/POS Printer IO object
+
+    Allows the class to be used together with the `with`-statement. You have to define a printer instance
+    and assign it to the EscposIO class.
+    This example explains the usage:
+
+    .. code-block:: Python
+
+        with EscposIO(printer.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0')) as p:
+            p.set(font='a', height=2, align='center', text_type='bold')
+            p.printer.set(align='left')
+            p.printer.image('logo.gif')
+            p.writelines('Big line\\n', font='b')
+            p.writelines('Привет')
+            p.writelines('BIG TEXT', width=2)
+
+    After the `with`-statement the printer automatically cuts the paper if `autocut` is `True`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, printer, autocut=True, autoclose=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        :param printer: An EscPos-printer object
+        :type printer: escpos.Escpos
+        :param autocut: If True, paper is automatically cut after the `with`-statement *default*: True
+        :param kwargs: These arguments will be passed to :py:meth:`escpos.Escpos.set()`
+        """
+        self.printer = printer
+        self.params = kwargs
+        self.autocut = autocut
+        self.autoclose = autoclose
+
+    def set(self, **kwargs):
+        """ Set the printer-parameters
+
+        Controls which parameters will be passed to :py:meth:`Escpos.set() <escpos.escpos.Escpos.set()>`.
+        For more information on the parameters see the :py:meth:`set() <escpos.escpos.Escpos.set()>`-methods
+        documentation. These parameters can also be passed with this class' constructor or the
+        :py:meth:`~escpos.escpos.EscposIO.writelines()`-method.
+
+        :param kwargs: keyword-parameters that will be passed to :py:meth:`Escpos.set() <escpos.escpos.Escpos.set()>`
+        """
+        self.params.update(kwargs)
+
+    def writelines(self, text, **kwargs):
+        params = dict(self.params)
+        params.update(kwargs)
+
+        if isinstance(text, six.text_type):
+            lines = text.split('\n')
+        elif isinstance(text, list) or isinstance(text, tuple):
+            lines = text
+        else:
+            lines = ['{0}'.format(text), ]
+
+        # TODO check unicode handling
+        # TODO flush? or on print? (this should prob rather be handled by the _raw-method)
+        for line in lines:
+            self.printer.set(**params)
+            if isinstance(text, six.text_type):
+                self.printer.text(u'{0}\n'.format(line))
+            else:
+                self.printer.text('{0}\n'.format(line))
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ called upon closing the `with`-statement
+        """
+        self.printer.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self, **kwargs):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        """
+
+        If :py:attr:`autocut <escpos.escpos.EscposIO.autocut>` is `True` (set by this class' constructor),
+        then :py:meth:`printer.cut() <escpos.escpos.Escpos.cut()>` will be called here.
+        """
+        if not (type is not None and issubclass(type, Exception)):
+            if self.autocut:
+                self.printer.cut()
+
+        if self.autoclose:
+            self.close()

src/escpos/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" ESC/POS Exceptions classes
+
+Result/Exit codes:
+
+    - `0`  = success
+    - `10` = No Barcode type defined :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeTypeError`
+    - `20` = Barcode size values are out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeSizeError`
+    - `30` = Barcode text not supplied :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.BarcodeCodeError`
+    - `40` = Image height is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageSizeError`
+    - `41` = Image width is too large :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ImageWidthError`
+    - `50` = No string supplied to be printed :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TextError`
+    - `60` = Invalid pin to send Cash Drawer pulse :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CashDrawerError`
+    - `70` = Invalid number of tab positions :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.TabPosError`
+    - `80` = Invalid char code :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.CharCodeError`
+    - `90` = USB device not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.USBNotFoundError`
+    - `100` = Set variable out of range :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.SetVariableError`
+    - `200` = Configuration not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigNotFoundError`
+    - `210` = Configuration syntax error :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSyntaxError`
+    - `220` = Configuration section not found :py:exc:`~escpos.exceptions.ConfigSectionMissingError`
+
+:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+class Error(Exception):
+    """ Base class for ESC/POS errors """
+    def __init__(self, msg, status=None):
+        Exception.__init__(self)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 1
+        if status is not None:
+            self.resultcode = status
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.msg
+
+
+class BarcodeTypeError(Error):
+    """ No Barcode type defined.
+
+    This exception indicates that no known barcode-type has been entered. The barcode-type has to be
+    one of those specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
+    The returned error code is `10`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 10
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'No Barcode type is defined ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class BarcodeSizeError(Error):
+    """ Barcode size is out of range.
+
+    This exception indicates that the values for the barcode size are out of range.
+    The size of the barcode has to be in the range that is specified in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode`.
+    The resulting returncode is `20`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 20
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Barcode size is out of range ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class BarcodeCodeError(Error):
+    """ No Barcode code was supplied, or it is incorrect.
+
+    No data for the barcode has been supplied in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.barcode` or the the `check` parameter
+    was True and the check failed.
+    The returncode for this exception is `30`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 30
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'No Barcode code was supplied ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class ImageSizeError(Error):
+    """ Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed.
+
+    The returncode for this exception is `40`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 40
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Image height is longer than 255px and can't be printed ({msg})".format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class ImageWidthError(Error):
+    """ Image width is too large.
+
+    The return code for this exception is `41`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 41
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Image width is too large ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class TextError(Error):
+    """ Text string must be supplied to the `text()` method.
+
+    This exception is raised when an empty string is passed to :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.text`.
+    The returncode for this exception is `50`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 50
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Text string must be supplied to the text() method ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class CashDrawerError(Error):
+    """ Valid pin must be set in order to send pulse.
+
+    A valid pin number has to be passed onto the method :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.cashdraw`.
+    The returncode for this exception is `60`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 60
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Valid pin must be set to send pulse ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class TabPosError(Error):
+    """ Valid tab positions must be set by using from 1 to 32 tabs, and between 1 and 255 tab size values.
+    Both values multiplied must not exceed 255, since it is the maximum tab value.
+
+    This exception is raised by :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.control`.
+    The returncode for this exception is `70`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 70
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Valid tab positions must be in the range 0 to 16 ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class CharCodeError(Error):
+    """ Valid char code must be set.
+
+    The supplied charcode-name in :py:meth:`escpos.escpos.Escpos.charcode` is unknown.
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `80`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 80
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Valid char code must be set ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class USBNotFoundError(Error):
+    """ Device wasn't found (probably not plugged in)
+
+    The USB device seems to be not plugged in.
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `90`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 90
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'USB device not found ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class SetVariableError(Error):
+    """ A set method variable was out of range
+
+    Check set variables against minimum and maximum values
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `100`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 100
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Set variable out of range ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+# Configuration errors
+
+class ConfigNotFoundError(Error):
+    """ The configuration file was not found
+
+    The default or passed configuration file could not be read
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `200`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 200
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Configuration not found ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class ConfigSyntaxError(Error):
+    """ The configuration file is invalid
+
+    The syntax is incorrect
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `210`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 210
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Configuration syntax is invalid ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)
+
+
+class ConfigSectionMissingError(Error):
+    """ The configuration file is missing a section
+
+    The part of the config asked for doesn't exist in the loaded configuration
+    Ths returncode for this exception is `220`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg=''):
+        Error.__init__(self, msg)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.resultcode = 220
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return 'Configuration section is missing ({msg})'.format(msg=self.msg)

src/escpos/image.py

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" Image format handling class
+
+This module contains the image format handler :py:class:`EscposImage`.
+
+:author: `Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Michael Billington <michael.billington@gmail.com>
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import math
+
+from PIL import Image, ImageOps
+
+
+class EscposImage(object):
+    """
+    Load images in, and output ESC/POS formats.
+
+    The class is designed to efficiently delegate image processing to
+    PIL, rather than spend CPU cycles looping over pixels.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, img_source):
+        """
+        Load in an image
+
+        :param img_source: PIL.Image, or filename to load one from.
+        """
+        if isinstance(img_source, Image.Image):
+            img_original = img_source
+        else:
+            img_original = Image.open(img_source)
+
+        # store image for eventual further processing (splitting)
+        self.img_original = img_original
+
+        # Convert to white RGB background, paste over white background
+        # to strip alpha.
+        img_original = img_original.convert('RGBA')
+        im = Image.new('RGB', img_original.size, (255, 255, 255))
+        im.paste(img_original, mask=img_original.split()[3])
+        # Convert down to greyscale
+        im = im.convert('L')
+        # Invert: Only works on 'L' images
+        im = ImageOps.invert(im)
+        # Pure black and white
+        self._im = im.convert('1')
+
+    @property
+    def width(self):
+        """
+        Width of image in pixels
+        """
+        width_pixels, _ = self._im.size
+        return width_pixels
+
+    @property
+    def width_bytes(self):
+        """
+        Width of image if you use 8 pixels per byte and 0-pad at the end.
+        """
+        return (self.width + 7) >> 3
+
+    @property
+    def height(self):
+        """
+        Height of image in pixels
+        """
+        _, height_pixels = self._im.size
+        return height_pixels
+
+    def to_column_format(self, high_density_vertical=True):
+        """
+        Extract slices of an image as equal-sized blobs of column-format data.
+
+        :param high_density_vertical: Printed line height in dots
+        """
+        im = self._im.transpose(Image.ROTATE_270).transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
+        line_height = 24 if high_density_vertical else 8
+        width_pixels, height_pixels = im.size
+        top = 0
+        left = 0
+        while left < width_pixels:
+            box = (left, top, left + line_height, top + height_pixels)
+            im_slice = im.transform((line_height, height_pixels), Image.EXTENT, box)
+            im_bytes = im_slice.tobytes()
+            yield(im_bytes)
+            left += line_height
+
+    def to_raster_format(self):
+        """
+        Convert image to raster-format binary
+        """
+        return self._im.tobytes()
+
+    def split(self, fragment_height):
+        """
+        Split an image into multiple fragments after fragment_height pixels
+
+        :param fragment_height: height of fragment
+        :return: list of PIL objects
+        """
+        passes = int(math.ceil(self.height // fragment_height))
+        fragments = []
+        for n in range(0, passes):
+            left = 0
+            right = self.width
+            upper = n * fragment_height
+            lower = min((n + 1) * fragment_height, self.height)
+            box = (left, upper, right, lower)
+            fragments.append(self.img_original.crop(box))
+        return fragments
+
+    def center(self, max_width):
+        """In-place image centering
+
+        :param: Maximum width in order to deduce x offset for centering
+        :return: None
+        """
+        old_width, height = self._im.size
+        new_size = (max_width, height)
+
+        new_im = Image.new('1', new_size)
+        paste_x = int((max_width - old_width) / 2)
+
+        new_im.paste(self._im, (paste_x, 0))
+
+        self._im = new_im

src/escpos/katakana.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Helpers to encode Japanese characters.
+
+I doubt that this currently works correctly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+try:
+    import jaconv
+except ImportError:
+    jaconv = None
+
+
+def encode_katakana(text):
+    """I don't think this quite works yet."""
+    encoded = []
+    for char in text:
+        if jaconv:
+            # try to convert japanese text to half-katakanas
+            char = jaconv.z2h(jaconv.hira2kata(char))
+            # TODO: "the conversion may result in multiple characters"
+            # If that really can happen (I am not really shure), than the string would have to be split and every single
+            #  character has to passed through the following lines.
+
+        if char in TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP:
+            encoded.append(TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP[char])
+        else:
+            # TODO doesn't this discard all that is not in the map? Can we be sure that the input does contain only
+            # encodable characters? We could at least throw an exception if encoding is not possible.
+            pass
+    return b''.join(encoded)
+
+
+TXT_ENC_KATAKANA_MAP = {
+    # Maps UTF-8 Katakana symbols to KATAKANA Page Codes
+    # TODO: has this really to be hardcoded?
+
+    # Half-Width Katakanas
+    '｡': b'\xa1',
+    '｢': b'\xa2',
+    '｣': b'\xa3',
+    '､': b'\xa4',
+    '･': b'\xa5',
+    'ｦ': b'\xa6',
+    'ｧ': b'\xa7',
+    'ｨ': b'\xa8',
+    'ｩ': b'\xa9',
+    'ｪ': b'\xaa',
+    'ｫ': b'\xab',
+    'ｬ': b'\xac',
+    'ｭ': b'\xad',
+    'ｮ': b'\xae',
+    'ｯ': b'\xaf',
+    'ｰ': b'\xb0',
+    'ｱ': b'\xb1',
+    'ｲ': b'\xb2',
+    'ｳ': b'\xb3',
+    'ｴ': b'\xb4',
+    'ｵ': b'\xb5',
+    'ｶ': b'\xb6',
+    'ｷ': b'\xb7',
+    'ｸ': b'\xb8',
+    'ｹ': b'\xb9',
+    'ｺ': b'\xba',
+    'ｻ': b'\xbb',
+    'ｼ': b'\xbc',
+    'ｽ': b'\xbd',
+    'ｾ': b'\xbe',
+    'ｿ': b'\xbf',
+    'ﾀ': b'\xc0',
+    'ﾁ': b'\xc1',
+    'ﾂ': b'\xc2',
+    'ﾃ': b'\xc3',
+    'ﾄ': b'\xc4',
+    'ﾅ': b'\xc5',
+    'ﾆ': b'\xc6',
+    'ﾇ': b'\xc7',
+    'ﾈ': b'\xc8',
+    'ﾉ': b'\xc9',
+    'ﾊ': b'\xca',
+    'ﾋ': b'\xcb',
+    'ﾌ': b'\xcc',
+    'ﾍ': b'\xcd',
+    'ﾎ': b'\xce',
+    'ﾏ': b'\xcf',
+    'ﾐ': b'\xd0',
+    'ﾑ': b'\xd1',
+    'ﾒ': b'\xd2',
+    'ﾓ': b'\xd3',
+    'ﾔ': b'\xd4',
+    'ﾕ': b'\xd5',
+    'ﾖ': b'\xd6',
+    'ﾗ': b'\xd7',
+    'ﾘ': b'\xd8',
+    'ﾙ': b'\xd9',
+    'ﾚ': b'\xda',
+    'ﾛ': b'\xdb',
+    'ﾜ': b'\xdc',
+    'ﾝ': b'\xdd',
+    'ﾞ': b'\xde',
+    'ﾟ': b'\xdf',
+}

src/escpos/magicencode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" Magic Encode
+
+This module tries to convert an UTF-8 string to an encoded string for the printer.
+It uses trial and error in order to guess the right codepage.
+The code is based on the encoding-code in py-xml-escpos by @fvdsn.
+
+:author: `Patrick Kanzler <dev@pkanzler.de>`_
+:organization: `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2016 Patrick Kanzler and Frédéric van der Essen
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+from builtins import bytes
+
+import six
+
+from .codepages import CodePages
+from .constants import CODEPAGE_CHANGE
+from .exceptions import Error
+
+
+class Encoder(object):
+    """Takes a list of available code spaces. Picks the right one for a
+    given character.
+
+    Note: To determine the code page, it needs to do the conversion, and
+    thus already knows what the final byte in the target encoding would
+    be. Nevertheless, the API of this class doesn't return the byte.
+
+    The caller use to do the character conversion itself.
+
+        $ python -m timeit -s "{u'ö':'a'}.get(u'ö')"
+        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0133 usec per loop
+
+        $ python -m timeit -s "u'ö'.encode('latin1')"
+        100000000 loops, best of 3: 0.0141 usec per loop
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, codepage_map):
+        self.codepages = codepage_map
+        self.available_encodings = set(codepage_map.keys())
+        self.available_characters = {}
+        self.used_encodings = set()
+
+    def get_sequence(self, encoding):
+        return int(self.codepages[encoding])
+
+    def get_encoding_name(self, encoding):
+        """Given an encoding provided by the user, will return a
+        canonical encoding name; and also validate that the encoding
+        is supported.
+
+        TODO: Support encoding aliases: pc437 instead of cp437.
+        """
+        encoding = CodePages.get_encoding_name(encoding)
+        if encoding not in self.codepages:
+            raise ValueError((
+                'Encoding "{}" cannot be used for the current profile. '
+                'Valid encodings are: {}'
+            ).format(encoding, ','.join(self.codepages.keys())))
+        return encoding
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_codepage_char_list(encoding):
+        """Get codepage character list
+
+        Gets characters 128-255 for a given code page, as an array.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding. This must appear in the CodePage list
+        """
+        codepage = CodePages.get_encoding(encoding)
+        if 'data' in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = list(''.join(codepage['data']))
+            assert(len(encodable_chars) == 128)
+            return encodable_chars
+        elif 'python_encode' in codepage:
+            encodable_chars = [u' '] * 128
+            for i in range(0, 128):
+                codepoint = i + 128
+                try:
+                    encodable_chars[i] = bytes([codepoint]).decode(codepage['python_encode'])
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # Non-encodable character, just skip it
+                    pass
+            return encodable_chars
+        raise LookupError("Can't find a known encoding for {}".format(encoding))
+
+    def _get_codepage_char_map(self, encoding):
+        """ Get codepage character map
+
+        Process an encoding and return a map of UTF-characters to code points
+        in this encoding.
+
+        This is generated once only, and returned from a cache.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
+        """
+        # Skip things that were loaded previously
+        if encoding in self.available_characters:
+            return self.available_characters[encoding]
+        codepage_char_list = self._get_codepage_char_list(encoding)
+        codepage_char_map = dict((utf8, i + 128) for (i, utf8) in enumerate(codepage_char_list))
+        self.available_characters[encoding] = codepage_char_map
+        return codepage_char_map
+
+    def can_encode(self, encoding, char):
+        """Determine if a character is encodeable in the given code page.
+
+        :param encoding: The name of the encoding.
+        :param char: The character to attempt to encode.
+        """
+        available_map = {}
+        try:
+            available_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
+        except LookupError:
+            return False
+
+        # Decide whether this character is encodeable in this code page
+        is_ascii = ord(char) < 128
+        is_encodable = char in available_map
+        return is_ascii or is_encodable
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _encode_char(char, charmap, defaultchar):
+        """ Encode a single character with the given encoding map
+
+        :param char: char to encode
+        :param charmap: dictionary for mapping characters in this code page
+        """
+        if ord(char) < 128:
+            return ord(char)
+        if char in charmap:
+            return charmap[char]
+        return ord(defaultchar)
+
+    def encode(self, text, encoding, defaultchar='?'):
+        """ Encode text under the given encoding
+
+        :param text: Text to encode
+        :param encoding: Encoding name to use (must be defined in capabilities)
+        :param defaultchar: Fallback for non-encodable characters
+        """
+        codepage_char_map = self._get_codepage_char_map(encoding)
+        output_bytes = bytes([self._encode_char(char, codepage_char_map, defaultchar) for char in text])
+        return output_bytes
+
+    def __encoding_sort_func(self, item):
+        key, index = item
+        return (
+            key in self.used_encodings,
+            index
+        )
+
+    def find_suitable_encoding(self, char):
+        """The order of our search is a specific one:
+
+        1. code pages that we already tried before; there is a good
+           chance they might work again, reducing the search space,
+           and by re-using already used encodings we might also
+           reduce the number of codepage change instructiosn we have
+           to send. Still, any performance gains will presumably be
+           fairly minor.
+
+        2. code pages in lower ESCPOS slots first. Presumably, they
+           are more likely to be supported, so if a printer profile
+           is missing or incomplete, we might increase our change
+           that the code page we pick for this character is actually
+           supported.
+        """
+        sorted_encodings = sorted(
+            self.codepages.items(),
+            key=self.__encoding_sort_func)
+
+        for encoding, _ in sorted_encodings:
+            if self.can_encode(encoding, char):
+                # This encoding worked; at it to the set of used ones.
+                self.used_encodings.add(encoding)
+                return encoding
+
+
+def split_writable_text(encoder, text, encoding):
+    """Splits off as many characters from the begnning of text as
+    are writable with "encoding". Returns a 2-tuple (writable, rest).
+    """
+    if not encoding:
+        return None, text
+
+    for idx, char in enumerate(text):
+        if encoder.can_encode(encoding, char):
+            continue
+        return text[:idx], text[idx:]
+
+    return text, None
+
+
+class MagicEncode(object):
+    """A helper that helps us to automatically switch to the right
+    code page to encode any given Unicode character.
+
+    This will consider the printers supported codepages, according
+    to the printer profile, and if a character cannot be encoded
+    with the current profile, it will attempt to find a suitable one.
+
+    If the printer does not support a suitable code page, it can
+    insert an error character.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, driver, encoding=None, disabled=False,
+                 defaultsymbol='?', encoder=None):
+        """
+
+        :param driver:
+        :param encoding: If you know the current encoding of the printer
+        when initializing this class, set it here. If the current
+        encoding is unknown, the first character emitted will be a
+        codepage switch.
+        :param disabled:
+        :param defaultsymbol:
+        :param encoder:
+        """
+        if disabled and not encoding:
+            raise Error('If you disable magic encode, you need to define an encoding!')
+
+        self.driver = driver
+        self.encoder = encoder or Encoder(driver.profile.get_code_pages())
+
+        self.encoding = self.encoder.get_encoding_name(encoding) if encoding else None
+        self.defaultsymbol = defaultsymbol
+        self.disabled = disabled
+
+    def force_encoding(self, encoding):
+        """Sets a fixed encoding. The change is emitted right away.
+
+        From now one, this buffer will switch the code page anymore.
+        However, it will still keep track of the current code page.
+        """
+        if not encoding:
+            self.disabled = False
+        else:
+            self.write_with_encoding(encoding, None)
+            self.disabled = True
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        """Write the text, automatically switching encodings.
+        """
+
+        if self.disabled:
+            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, text)
+            return
+
+        # See how far we can go into the text with the current encoding
+        to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, self.encoding)
+        if to_write:
+            self.write_with_encoding(self.encoding, to_write)
+
+        while text:
+            # See if any of the code pages that the printer profile
+            # supports can encode this character.
+            encoding = self.encoder.find_suitable_encoding(text[0])
+            if not encoding:
+                self._handle_character_failed(text[0])
+                text = text[1:]
+                continue
+
+            # Write as much text as possible with the encoding found.
+            to_write, text = split_writable_text(self.encoder, text, encoding)
+            if to_write:
+                self.write_with_encoding(encoding, to_write)
+
+    def _handle_character_failed(self, char):
+        """Called when no codepage was found to render a character.
+        """
+        # Writing the default symbol via write() allows us to avoid
+        # unnecesary codepage switches.
+        self.write(self.defaultsymbol)
+
+    def write_with_encoding(self, encoding, text):
+        if text is not None and type(text) is not six.text_type:
+            raise Error('The supplied text has to be unicode, but is of type {type}.'.format(
+                type=type(text)
+            ))
+
+        # We always know the current code page; if the new codepage
+        # is different, emit a change command.
+        if encoding != self.encoding:
+            self.encoding = encoding
+            self.driver._raw(
+                CODEPAGE_CHANGE +
+                six.int2byte(self.encoder.get_sequence(encoding)))
+
+        if text:
+            self.driver._raw(self.encoder.encode(text, encoding))

src/escpos/printer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#  -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+""" This module contains the implementations of abstract base class :py:class:`Escpos`.
+
+:author: `Manuel F Martinez <manpaz@bashlinux.com>`_ and others
+:organization: Bashlinux and `python-escpos <https://github.com/python-escpos>`_
+:copyright: Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Bashlinux and python-escpos
+:license: MIT
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+from __future__ import division
+from __future__ import print_function
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import socket
+
+import serial
+
+import usb.core
+import usb.util
+
+from .escpos import Escpos
+from .exceptions import USBNotFoundError
+
+
+class Usb(Escpos):
+    """ USB printer
+
+    This class describes a printer that natively speaks USB.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Usb
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, idVendor, idProduct, timeout=0, in_ep=0x82, out_ep=0x01, *args, **kwargs):  # noqa: N803
+        """
+        :param idVendor: Vendor ID
+        :param idProduct: Product ID
+        :param timeout: Is the time limit of the USB operation. Default without timeout.
+        :param in_ep: Input end point
+        :param out_ep: Output end point
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.idVendor = idVendor
+        self.idProduct = idProduct
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.in_ep = in_ep
+        self.out_ep = out_ep
+        self.open()
+
+    def open(self):
+        """ Search device on USB tree and set it as escpos device """
+        self.device = usb.core.find(idVendor=self.idVendor, idProduct=self.idProduct)
+        if self.device is None:
+            raise USBNotFoundError('Device not found or cable not plugged in.')
+
+        check_driver = None
+
+        try:
+            check_driver = self.device.is_kernel_driver_active(0)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            pass
+
+        if check_driver is None or check_driver:
+            try:
+                self.device.detach_kernel_driver(0)
+            except usb.core.USBError as e:
+                if check_driver is not None:
+                    print('Could not detatch kernel driver: {0}'.format(str(e)))
+
+        try:
+            self.device.set_configuration()
+            self.device.reset()
+        except usb.core.USBError as e:
+            print('Could not set configuration: {0}'.format(str(e)))
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Print any command sent in raw format
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(self.out_ep, msg, self.timeout)
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
+        return self.device.read(self.in_ep, 16)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Release USB interface """
+        if self.device:
+            usb.util.dispose_resources(self.device)
+        self.device = None
+
+
+class Serial(Escpos):
+    """ Serial printer
+
+    This class describes a printer that is connected by serial interface.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Serial
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, devfile='/dev/ttyS0', baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, timeout=1,
+                 parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
+                 xonxoff=False, dsrdtr=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        :param devfile:  Device file under dev filesystem
+        :param baudrate: Baud rate for serial transmission
+        :param bytesize: Serial buffer size
+        :param timeout:  Read/Write timeout
+        :param parity:   Parity checking
+        :param stopbits: Number of stop bits
+        :param xonxoff:  Software flow control
+        :param dsrdtr:   Hardware flow control (False to enable RTS/CTS)
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.baudrate = baudrate
+        self.bytesize = bytesize
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.parity = parity
+        self.stopbits = stopbits
+        self.xonxoff = xonxoff
+        self.dsrdtr = dsrdtr
+
+        self.open()
+
+    def open(self):
+        """ Setup serial port and set is as escpos device """
+        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
+            self.close()
+        self.device = serial.Serial(port=self.devfile, baudrate=self.baudrate,
+                                    bytesize=self.bytesize, parity=self.parity,
+                                    stopbits=self.stopbits, timeout=self.timeout,
+                                    xonxoff=self.xonxoff, dsrdtr=self.dsrdtr)
+
+        if self.device is not None:
+            print('Serial printer enabled')
+        else:
+            print('Unable to open serial printer on: {0}'.format(str(self.devfile)))
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Print any command sent in raw format
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(msg)
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """ Reads a data buffer and returns it to the caller. """
+        return self.device.read(16)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Close Serial interface """
+        if self.device is not None and self.device.is_open:
+            self.device.flush()
+            self.device.close()
+
+
+class Network(Escpos):
+    """ Network printer
+
+    This class is used to attach to a networked printer. You can also use this in order to attach to a printer that
+    is forwarded with ``socat``.
+
+    If you have a local printer on parallel port ``/dev/usb/lp0`` then you could start ``socat`` with:
+
+    .. code-block:: none
+
+        socat -u TCP4-LISTEN:4242,reuseaddr,fork OPEN:/dev/usb/lp0
+
+    Then you should be able to attach to port ``4242`` with this class.
+    Otherwise the normal usecase would be to have a printer with ethernet interface. This type of printer should
+    work the same with this class. For the address of the printer check its manuals.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Network
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, host, port=9100, timeout=60, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        :param host:    Printer's hostname or IP address
+        :param port:    Port to write to
+        :param timeout: timeout in seconds for the socket-library
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.open()
+
+    def open(self):
+        """ Open TCP socket with ``socket``-library and set it as escpos device """
+        self.device = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.device.settimeout(self.timeout)
+        self.device.connect((self.host, self.port))
+
+        if self.device is None:
+            print('Could not open socket for {0}'.format(self.host))
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Print any command sent in raw format
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.sendall(msg)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Close TCP connection """
+        if self.device is not None:
+            self.device.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
+            self.device.close()
+
+
+class File(Escpos):
+    """ Generic file printer
+
+    This class is used for parallel port printer or other printers that are directly attached to the filesystem.
+    Note that you should stay away from using USB-to-Parallel-Adapter since they are unreliable
+    and produce arbitrary errors.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.File
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, devfile='/dev/usb/lp0', auto_flush=True, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        :param devfile: Device file under dev filesystem
+        :param auto_flush: automatically call flush after every call of _raw()
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.devfile = devfile
+        self.auto_flush = auto_flush
+        self.open()
+
+    def open(self):
+        """ Open system file """
+        self.device = open(self.devfile, 'wb')
+
+        if self.device is None:
+            print('Could not open the specified file {0}'.format(self.devfile))
+
+    def flush(self):
+        """ Flush printing content """
+        self.device.flush()
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Print any command sent in raw format
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self.device.write(msg)
+        if self.auto_flush:
+            self.flush()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """ Close system file """
+        if self.device is not None:
+            self.device.flush()
+            self.device.close()
+
+
+class Dummy(Escpos):
+    """ Dummy printer
+
+    This class is used for saving commands to a variable, for use in situations where
+    there is no need to send commands to an actual printer. This includes
+    generating print jobs for later use, or testing output.
+
+    inheritance:
+
+    .. inheritance-diagram:: escpos.printer.Dummy
+        :parts: 1
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        """
+        Escpos.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self._output_list = []
+
+    def _raw(self, msg):
+        """ Print any command sent in raw format
+
+        :param msg: arbitrary code to be printed
+        :type msg: bytes
+        """
+        self._output_list.append(msg)
+
+    @property
+    def output(self):
+        """ Get the data that was sent to this printer """
+        return b''.join(self._output_list)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """ Clear the buffer of the printer
+
+        This method can be called if you send the contents to a physical printer
+        and want to use the Dummy printer for new output.
+        """
+        del self._output_list[:]
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass

test/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import pytest
+from escpos.printer import Dummy
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def driver():
+    return Dummy()